Rubroboletus

Last updated

Rubroboletus
Boletus satanas.JPG
Rubroboletus satanas
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Boletales
Family: Boletaceae
Genus: Rubroboletus
Kuan Zhao & Zhu L.Yang (2014)
Type species
Rubroboletus sinicus
(W.F.Chiu) Kuan Zhao & Zhu L.Yang (2014)

Rubroboletus is a genus of bolete fungi in the family Boletaceae. It was circumscribed by Chinese mycologists in 2014 with Rubroboletus sinicus as the type species. Species are characterized by having a reddish cap surface, yellow tubes on the underside of the cap, and an orange-red to blood-red pore surface. Pinkish to red spots (reticula) are present on the stipe surface, and a bluish color change occurs when the bolete flesh is injured. Rubroboletus mushrooms have an olive-brown spore print, and produce smooth spores. [1] Eight species were included in the original circumscription (seven new combinations and one new species); five were added in 2015, [2] [3] [4] and another in 2017.

Contents

Several species in this genus are poisonous or of completely unknown edibility. Although R. sinicus is sporadically sold in markets in Yunnan, China, it is suspected of being poisonous; further studies are need. [1]

Species

ImageNameYearEdibilityDistribution
Rubroboletus demonensis Vasquez, Simonini, Svetash., Mikšík & Vizzini2017Southern Europe
2012-09-05 Boletus dupainii Boud 312265.jpg Rubroboletus dupainii (Boud.) Kuan Zhao & Zhu L.Yang2014

(1902)

North Carolina, and then from Iowa, Europe
2014-11-28 Boletus eastwoodiae (Murrill) Sacc. & Trotter 486968.jpg Rubroboletus eastwoodiae (Murrill) D.Arora, C.F.Schwarz & J.L.Frank2015

(1910)

Mycomorphbox Poison.png West Coast of the United States
Rubroboletus esculentus Zhao, K., Zhao, H.M.2017 Mycomorphbox Choice.png Sichuan Province in southwestern China
Rubroboletus haematinus 390403.jpg Rubroboletus haematinus (Halling) D.Arora & J.L.Frank2015

(1976)

western United States
Rubroboletus latisporus Kuan Zhao & Zhu L.Yang2014China (Yunnan)
Lucni - Boletus legaliae 02.jpg Rubroboletus legaliae (Pilát & Dermek) Della Maggiora & Trassinelli2015

(1969)

Mycomorphbox Poison.png Southern England, and Europe
2015-06-21 Rubroboletus lupinus 530214.jpg Rubroboletus lupinus (Fr.) Costanzo, Gelardi, Simonini & Vizzini2015

(1838)

Europe Mediterranean
2009-11-25 Boletus pulcherrimus Thiers & Halling 66138.jpg Rubroboletus pulcherrimus (Thiers & Halling) D.Arora, N.Siegel & J.L.Frank2015

(1976)

Mycomorphbox Poison.png United States (New Mexico and California to Washington)
Rubroboletus pulchrotinctus (Alessio) Kuan Zhao & Zhu L.Yang2014

(1985)

central and southern Europe.
Rubroboletus rhodosanguineus (Both) Kuan Zhao & Zhu L. Yang 740528.jpg Rubroboletus rhodosanguineus (Both) Kuan Zhao & Zhu L.Yang2014

(1998)

North America.
Boletus rhodoxanthus.JPG Rubroboletus rhodoxanthus (Krombh.) Kuan Zhao & Zhu L.Yang2014

¨(1836)

Mycomorphbox Poison.png southern Europe
Boletus rubrosanguineus.jpg Rubroboletus rubrosanguineus (Cheype) Kuan Zhao & Zhu L.Yang2014

(1983)

eastern Europe, east to the Caucasus
Satans-Rohrling Boletus satanas.jpg Rubroboletus satanas (Lenz) Kuan Zhao & Zhu L.Yang2014

(1831)

Mycomorphbox Poison.png Europe
2010-08-23 Boletus sinicus 100594.jpg Rubroboletus sinicus (W.F.Chiu) Kuan Zhao & Zhu L.Yang2014

(1948)

China.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bolete</span> Type of fungal fruiting body

A bolete is a type of mushroom, or fungal fruiting body. It can be identified thanks to a unique cap. On the underside of the cap there is usually a spongy surface with pores, instead of the gills typical of mushrooms. A similar pore surface is found in polypores, but these species generally have a different physical structure from boletes, and have different microscopic characteristics than boletes. Many polypores have much firmer, often woody, flesh.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Boletaceae</span> Family of fungi

The Boletaceae are a family of mushroom-forming fungi, primarily characterised by small pores on the spore-bearing hymenial surface, instead of gills as are found in most agarics. Nearly as widely distributed as the agarics, the family is renowned for hosting some prime edible species highly sought after by mushroom hunters worldwide, such as the cep or king bolete . A number of rare or threatened species are also present in the family, that have become the focus of increasing conservation concerns. As a whole, the typical members of the family are commonly known as boletes.

<i>Rubroboletus satanas</i> Species of fungus

Rubroboletus satanas, commonly known as Satan's bolete or the Devil's bolete, is a basidiomycete fungus of the bolete family (Boletaceae) and one of its most infamous members. It was known as Boletus satanas before its transfer to the new genus Rubroboletus in 2014, based on molecular phylogenetic data. Found in broad-leaved and mixed woodland in the warmer regions of Europe, it is classified as a poisonous mushroom, known to cause violent gastroenteritis. However, reports of poisoning are rare, due to the striking coloration and unpleasant odor of the fruiting bodies, which discourage experimentation.

<i>Caloboletus calopus</i> Species of fungus in the family Boletaceae found in Asia, Northern Europe and North America

Caloboletus calopus, commonly known as the bitter bolete, bitter beech bolete or scarlet-stemmed bolete, is a fungus of the bolete family, found in Asia, Northern Europe and North America. Appearing in coniferous and deciduous woodland in summer and autumn, the stout fruit bodies are attractively coloured, with a beige to olive cap up to 15 cm (6 in) across, yellow pores, and a reddish stipe up to 15 cm (6 in) long and 5 cm (2 in) wide. The pale yellow flesh stains blue when broken or bruised.

<i>Neoboletus luridiformis</i> Species of fungus

Neoboletus luridiformis, also previously known as Boletus luridiformis and (invalidly) as Boletus erythropus, is a fungus of the bolete family, all of which produce mushrooms with tubes and pores beneath their caps. It is found in Northern Europe and North America, and is commonly known as the scarletina bolete, for its red pores, which are yellow when young. Other common names include the red foot bolete, dotted stemmed bolete, or dotted stem bolete.

<i>Rubroboletus pulcherrimus</i> Species of mushroom

Rubroboletus pulcherrimus, known as Boletus pulcherrimus until 2015, and commonly known as the red-pored bolete, is a species of mushroom in the family Boletaceae. It is a large bolete from Western North America with distinguishing features that include a netted surface on the stem, a red to brown cap and stem color, and red pores that stain blue upon injury. Until 2005 this was the only bolete that has been implicated in the death of someone consuming it; a couple developed gastrointestinal symptoms in 1994 after eating this fungus with the husband succumbing. Autopsy revealed infarction of the midgut.

<i>Baorangia bicolor</i> Edible fungus in the genus Baorangia

Baorangia bicolor, also known as the two-colored bolete or red and yellow bolete after its two-tone coloring scheme of red and yellow, is an edible fungus in the genus Baorangia. It inhabits most of eastern North America, primarily east of the Rocky Mountains and in season during the summer and fall months but can be found across the globe in China and Nepal. Its fruit body, the mushroom, is classed as medium or large in size, which helps distinguish it from the many similar appearing species that have a smaller stature. A deep blue/indigo bruising of the pore surface and a less dramatic bruising coloration change in the stem over a period of several minutes are identifying characteristics that distinguish it from the similar poisonous species Boletus sensibilis. There are two variations of this species, variety borealis and variety subreticulatus, and several other similar species of fungi are not poisonous.

<i>Suillellus luridus</i> Species of edible fungus of the bolete family, found in Asia, Europe, and eastern North America

Suillellus luridus, commonly known as the lurid bolete, is a fungus of the family Boletaceae, found in calcareous broadleaved woodlands in Europe. Fruit bodies appear in summer and autumn and may be locally abundant. It is a firm bolete with an olive-brown cap up to 20 cm (8 in) in diameter, with small orange or red pores on the underside. The stout ochre stem reaches 8–14 cm (3–6 in) high and 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) wide, and is patterned with a red network. Like several other red-pored boletes, it stains blue when bruised or cut.

<i>Rubroboletus legaliae</i> Species of fungus

Rubroboletus legaliae, previously known as Boletus splendidus, B. satanoides, and B. legaliae is a basidiomycete fungus of the family Boletaceae. It is poisonous, with predominantly gastrointestinal symptoms, and is related to Rubroboletus satanas.

<i>Suillellus amygdalinus</i> Species of fungus

Suillellus amygdalinus is a fungus of the bolete family found in western North America. The fruit bodies, or mushrooms, are characterized by their thick, red to brown caps, red pores, and the strong bluing reaction observed when the mushroom tissue is injured or cut. The cap can reach diameters of up to 12 cm (4.7 in) and the stipe 9 cm (3.5 in) long by 3 cm (1.2 in) thick at maturity. This mushroom has been found in manzanita and madrone woodlands of central California north to southern Oregon. Although the edibility of the mushroom is not known with certainty, it may be poisonous, and is not recommended for consumption. Other similar red-pored, bluing boletes from North America, including Rubroboletus eastwoodiae, Boletus luridiformis, and B. subvelutipes, can be distinguished from S. amygdalinus either by the color of the cap, the degree of reticulation on the stipe, or by location.

<i>Rubroboletus rhodoxanthus</i> Species of fungus

Rubroboletus rhodoxanthus is a species of bolete in the family Boletaceae, native to Europe. Previously known as Boletus rhodoxanthus, it was transferred in 2014 to the newly erected genus Rubroboletus, based on DNA data.

<i>Imperator rhodopurpureus</i> Species of fungus

The oldrose bolete, Imperator rhodopurpureus, is an inedible fungus of the genus Imperator, found under deciduous trees including oak and beech in neutral soils. Initially described as Boletus rhodopurpureus, it was transferred to the new genus Imperator in 2015. The bolete is considered critically endangered in the Czech Republic and endangered in the United Kingdom, reported most commonly from Berkshire and Hampshire, and typically very rare throughout, although up to a hundred fruiting bodies have been recorded at a few sites.

<i>Xerocomellus</i> Genus of fungi

Xerocomellus is a genus of fungi in the family Boletaceae. The genus, as it was described in 2008, contained 12 species. However X. rubellus and X. engelii were transferred to the new genus Hortiboletus and X. armeniacus was transferred to the new genus Rheubarbariboletus in 2015. Molecular analysis supports the distinction of Xerocomellus species from Boletus and Xerocomus, within which these species were formerly contained. Xerocomellus in fact is only distantly related to Xerocomus and is most closely related to Tylopilus, Boletus sensu stricto, Porphyrellus, Strobilomyces, and Xanthoconium.

<i>Rubroboletus rubrosanguineus</i> Species of fungus

Rubroboletus rubrosanguineus is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae that is found in Europe.

<i>Rubroboletus dupainii</i> Species of fungus

Rubroboletus dupainii, commonly known as Dupain's bolete, is a bolete fungus of the genus Rubroboletus. It is native to Europe, where it is threatened, and red listed in six countries. It also occurs in North America, although it is rare there. It was first recorded from North Carolina, and then from Iowa in 2009. It was reported from Belize in 2007, growing under Quercus peduncularis - a species of oak tree.

<i>Rubroboletus rhodosanguineus</i> Species of fungus

Rubroboletus rhodosanguineus is a fungus of the genus Rubroboletus native to North America. It was described scientifically by mycologist Ernst Both in 1998. It was transferred from Boletus to the new genus Rubroboletus in 2014, along with several other allied reddish colored, blue-staining bolete species.

<i>Butyriboletus</i> Genus of fungi

Butyriboletus is a genus of fungi in the family Boletaceae. The genus was circumscribed in 2014 by mycologists David Arora and Jonathan L. Frank to accommodate "butter bolete" species that were shown by molecular analysis to be phylogenetically distinct from Boletus. Butyriboletus contains 24 ectomycorrhizal species found in Asia, Europe, North America and north Africa.

<i>Rubroboletus sinicus</i> Species of fungus

Rubroboletus sinicus is a bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae. It is found in China. The species was first described by Wei Fan Chiu as Boletus sinicus in 1948, and transferred to the genus Tylopilus in 1979 by Fanglan Tai. In 2014, the genus Rubroboletus was created to accommodate this and allied species.

<i>Rubroboletus lupinus</i> Species of fungus

Rubroboletus lupinus, commonly known as the wolf bolete, is a bolete fungus of the genus Rubroboletus. Originally described by Elias Magnus Fries in 1838 as species of Boletus, it was transferred to Rubroboletus in 2015, a genus circumscribed to host other allied reddish-colored, blue-staining bolete species forming a distinct clade. The species epithet is derived from the Latin word lupus, meaning "wolf".

<i>Rubroboletus haematinus</i> Species of fungus

Rubroboletus haematinus is a fungus of the genus Rubroboletus. First described scientifically in 1976 by Roy Halling as a species of Boletus, in 2015 it was transferred to Rubroboletus, a genus circumscribed the year previously to contain other allied reddish colored, blue-staining bolete species. It is found in the western United States.

References

  1. 1 2 Zhao K, Wu G, Yang ZL. "A new genus, Rubroboletus, to accommodate Boletus sinicus and its allies". Phytotaxa. 188 (2): 61–77. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.188.2.1.
  2. Frank JL. (June 11, 2015). "Nomenclatural novelties" (PDF). Index Fungorum (248).
  3. Vizzini A. (March 24, 2015). "Nomenclatural novelties" (PDF). Index Fungorum (233).
  4. Della Maggiora M. (June 10, 2015). "Nomenclatural novelties" (PDF). Index Fungorum (246).