Copenhagen under way | |
History | |
---|---|
United Kingdom | |
Name | Copenhagen |
Namesake | Copenhagen |
Owner | Great Eastern Railway |
Operator | 1916: Admiralty |
Port of registry | 1908: Harwich |
Route | Harwich – Hook of Holland |
Builder | John Brown & Co, Clydebank |
Yard number | 380 |
Launched | 22 October 1907 |
Completed | December 1907 |
Identification |
|
Fate | sunk by torpedo, 1917 |
General characteristics | |
Type | passenger ferry |
Tonnage | 2,570 GRT, 1,092 NRT |
Length | 331.2 ft (100.9 m) |
Beam | 43.2 ft (13.2 m) |
Depth | 17.8 ft (5.4 m) |
Decks | 2 |
Installed power | 1,200 shp |
Propulsion |
|
Speed | 22 knots (41 km/h) |
Capacity | passengers: 320 × 1st class; 130 × 2nd class |
Sensors and processing systems | submarine signalling |
Notes | sister ships: Munich, St Petersburg |
SS Copenhagen was a North Sea passenger ferry that was built in Scotland in 1907. She was the Great Eastern Railway (GER)'s first turbine steamship. In 1916 she was requisitioned as an ambulance ship. A U-boat sank her in 1917 with the loss of six lives.
Between 1907 and 1910 John Brown & Company of Clydebank, Dumbartonshire built three ferries for the GER. Ida Hamilton, daughter of Claud Hamilton, Chairman of the GER, launched yard number 380 on 22 October 1907 as Copenhagen. [1] The ship was completed that December, [2] and registered in 1908. [3] Yard number 384 was launched on 26 August 1908 as Munich. [4] Yard number 397 was launched on 25 April 1910 as St Petersburg. [5]
Each ship had three steam turbines and three screws. Each turbine drove its respective screw by direct drive. Copenhagen was the GER's first turbine ship. The total power of her three turbines was rated at 1,200 shp, and gave her a speed of 22 knots (41 km/h). [2] Her navigation equiplment included submarine signalling. [6]
Copenhagen's registered length was 331.2 ft (100.9 m), her beam was 43.2 ft (13.2 m) and her depth was 17.8 ft (5.4 m). Her tonnages were 2,570 GRT and 1,092 NRT. She had berths for 320 passengers amidships in first class, and 130 in second class aft. Her first class accommodation included 100 double cabins, a 62-seat dining saloon, a ladies' room, and a smoking room. [7]
The GER registered Copenhagen at Harwich. Her United Kingdom official number was 123935 and her code letters were HMFQ. [3] Her regular route was between Harwich and Hook of Holland. [8]
By 1910 Copenhagen was equipped with wireless telegraphy. [9] By 1913 her call sign was PQC. [10] By 1914 this had been changed to GPI. [11]
After the UK entered the First World War, Copenhagen at first remained on her peacetime route, and carried Belgian refugees to Britain. She was then requisitioned, at forst as a troop ship. On 1 January 1916 she was reallocated as an ambulance ship. [7]
On 5 March 1917 she was steaming from Harwich to Hook of Holland when SM UC-61 torpedoed her 8 nautical miles (15 km) east of the Noord Hinder Lightship. Copenhagen sank with the loss of six lives. [12]
SS Chenab was a steamship that was built in England in 1911 and scrapped in Scotland in 1953. For nearly two decades she was part of Nourse Line, which carried Girmityas from India to colonies in the Caribbean and the Pacific. In 1914 she was requisitioned for service in the First World War.
SS Georgia was an oil tanker that was built in the United States in 1908 as Texas and spent most of her career in the United States Merchant Marine. In 1917 she was renamed Georgia. In 1927 she was transferred to Dutch ownership, and shortly thereafter ran aground and was lost on Haisborough Sands off the coast of Norfolk, England.
Alexander Sibiryakov was a steamship that was built in Scotland in 1909 as Bellaventure, and was originally a seal hunting ship in Newfoundland. In 1917 the Russian government bought her to be an icebreaker. She served the RSFSR and Soviet Union until 1942, when she was sunk by enemy action. The ship gave notable service in the Russian Arctic during the 1930s.
SS Dwinsk was a transatlantic ocean liner that was launched in Ireland in 1897 as Rotterdam, renamed C. F. Tietgen in 1906, and renamed Dwinsk in 1913. A U-boat sank her in 1918, with the loss of 23 lives. The ship was built for Holland America Line, but was successively owned by Scandinavian America Line and Russian American Line, and after the Russian Revolution she was managed by Cunard Line.
SS Potsdam was a steam ocean liner that was launched in Germany in 1899 for Holland America Line. In 1915 Swedish American Line acquired her and renamed her Stockholm.
SS Noordam was a steam ocean liner that was launched in Ireland in 1901 and scrapped in the Netherlands in 1928–29. Holland America Line owned her throughout her career. From 1923 to 1924 Swedish American Line chartered her and renamed her Kungsholm.
SS Montrose was a British merchant steamship that was built in 1897 and wrecked in 1914. She was built as a cargo liner for Elder, Dempster & Company. In 1903 the Canadian Pacific Railway bought her and had her converted into a passenger liner.
SS Taormina was a transatlantic ocean liner that was launched in Scotland in 1907 for an Italian shipping line. She was owned successively by Italia Società di Navigazione a Vapore, Lloyd Italiano and Navigazione Generale Italiana (NGI). Taormina was briefly chartered as a troop ship for the US Armed Forces in 1918. She was scrapped in 1929.
USS Zeelandia was an ocean liner that was built in Scotland in 1910 and scrapped in the Netherlands in 1936. She was the largest ship in the Koninklijke Hollandsche Lloyd (KHL) fleet from 1910 until the liners Gelria and Tubantia were completed in 1913 and 1914. She was USS Zeelandia from April 1918 until October 1919, when she was a United States Navy troopship.
USS Charlton Hall (ID-1359) was a cargo steamship that was built in Scotland in 1907 and served in the merchant fleets of the United Kingdom, United States and Greece. She served in the United States Navy in 1918. She was renamed Atlantis and then Anastasis in 1930. She was scrapped in China in 1934.
USS Craster Hall (ID-1486) was a cargo steamship that was built in Scotland in 1909 and served in the merchant fleets of first the United Kingdom and then the United States. From 1918 to 1919, she served in the United States Navy. In 1927, she was damaged in a collision off the coast of Peru, was beached to prevent her sinking, but was wrecked.
The Queen was an English Channel passenger ferry that was built in 1903 and sunk in 1916. She was the South Eastern and Chatham Railway (SECR)'s first steam turbine ship.
SS Verona was a transatlantic ocean liner that was built in Ireland in 1908 for an Italian shipping line. She was a troop ship in the Italo-Turkish War of 1911–12 and in the First World War in 1917–18. In 1918 a German submarine sank her in the Mediterranean with great loss of life.
SS St Petersburg was a North Sea passenger ferry that was built in Scotland in 1908 for the Great Eastern Railway (GER). In the 1923 railway grouping she passed to the new London and North Eastern Railway (LNER). She was sunk by enemy action in 1941.
SS Munich was a North Sea passenger ferry that was built in Scotland in 1908 for the Great Eastern Railway (GER). In the 1923 railway grouping she passed to the new London and North Eastern Railway (LNER). She was scrapped in England in 1950.
SS Grampian was a transatlantic ocean liner that was built in Scotland in 1907 and scrapped in the Netherlands in 1925. She was operated originally by Allan Line, and later by Canadian Pacific Steamships. In the First World War she remained in commercial service but carried Canadian troops. In 1919 she survived a collision with an iceberg. In 1921 she was gutted by fire while being refitted. The refit was abandoned, and in 1925–26 she was scrapped.
SS Infanta Isabel de Borbon was a steam ocean liner and mail ship launched in 1912 in Scotland and operated by the Compañía Transatlántica Española (CTE). She and her sister ship Reina Victoria-Eugenia represented a significant modernisation of CTE's fleet of ageing and obsolescent ships.
SS Reina Victoria-Eugenia was a steam ocean liner and mail ship launched in 1912 in England and operated by the Compañía Transatlántica Española (CTE). She and her sister ship Infanta Isabel de Borbon represented a significant modernisation of CTE's fleet of ageing and obsolescent ships.
SS Demosthenes was a UK steam ocean liner and refrigerated cargo ship. She was launched in 1911 in Ireland for Aberdeen Line and scrapped in 1931 in England. In the First World War she was an Allied troop ship.
SS Sir Harvey Adamson was a coastal passenger steamship that was built in Scotland in 1914 for the British India Steam Navigation Company (BI). She traded along the coast of Burma until 1947, shen she disappeared in a gale in the Andaman Sea. No survivor or identifiable wreckage was ever found.
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