S Vulpeculae

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S Vulpeculae
SVulLightCurve.png
A visual band light curve for S Vulpeculae, adapted from Heiser (1996) [1]
Observation data
Epoch J2000       Equinox J2000
Constellation Vulpecula
Right ascension 19h 48m 23.8064s [2]
Declination 27° 17′ 11.4265″ [2]
Apparent magnitude  (V)8.974 [3] (8.69 - 9.42 [4] )
Characteristics
Spectral type G0-K2(M1) [5]
U−B color index +1.3 - +2.0 [6]
B−V color index +1.7 - +2.1 [6]
Variable type δ Cep [4]
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)0.0 ± 2 [7] km/s
Proper motion (μ)RA: −3.401±0.058 [2] mas/yr
Dec.: −5.923±0.059 [2] mas/yr
Parallax (π)0.3050±0.0406  mas [2]
Distance approx. 11,000  ly
(approx. 3,300  pc)
Absolute magnitude  (MV)−6.08 [3]
Details
Mass 14.2 [3]   M☉
Radius 286±7 [8]   R☉
Luminosity 67,800±3,900 [8]   L☉
Temperature 5,512±45 [8]   K
Metallicity [Fe/H]−0.01 [9]   dex
Age 12.6 [3]   Myr
Other designations
S  Vulpeculae, SAO  87743, HD  338867, BD+26°3674, AAVSO  1944+27
Database references
SIMBAD data

S Vulpeculae is a variable star located in the constellation Vulpecula.

John Russell Hind announced that the star's brightness varies, in 1861. In 1862, Joseph Baxendell showed that the star is a periodic variable. It appears with its variable star designation in Annie Jump Cannon's 1907 work Second Catalogue of Variable Stars. [10] A pulsating variable that grows and shrinks as it changes in brightness, S Vulpeculae has been variously classified as an RV Tauri variable, a semiregular variable star, or a Cepheid variable. [11] [5]

S Vulpeculae is now confirmed as a classical Cepheid variable with one of the longest known periods at 68 days, [3] although the period has changed several times. [1] As such, it is also one of the cooler and more luminous of the Cepheids, and it lies close to the zone where semiregular variable stars are found. The shape and amplitude of the light curve varies significantly from cycle to cycle and secularly. The apparent magnitude ranges from 8.69 to 9.42. [4] The spectrum varies from early G to late K as it pulsates, with TiO bands typical of an M1 star when the star is coolest. [5]

References

  1. 1 2 Heiser, Arnold M. (1996). "BV Observations of the Long-Period Cepheid S Vulpeculae". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 108: 603. Bibcode:1996PASP..108..603H. doi: 10.1086/133771 .
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (August 2018). "Gaia Data Release 2: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics . 616. A1. arXiv: 1804.09365 . Bibcode: 2018A&A...616A...1G . doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201833051 . Gaia DR2 record for this source at VizieR.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Turner, David G. (2014). "Towards a Determination of Definitive Parameters for the Long Period Cepheid S Vulpeculae". Odessa Astronomical Publications. 26: 115. arXiv: 1403.1968 . Bibcode:2013OAP....26..115T.
  4. 1 2 3 Samus, N. N.; Durlevich, O. V.; et al. (2009). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: General Catalogue of Variable Stars (Samus+ 2007-2013)". VizieR On-line Data Catalog: B/GCVS. Originally Published in: 2009yCat....102025S. 1. Bibcode:2009yCat....102025S.
  5. 1 2 3 Joy, Alfred H. (1952). "The Semiregular Variable Stars of the RV Tauri and Related Classes". Astrophysical Journal. 115: 25. Bibcode:1952ApJ...115...25J. doi:10.1086/145506.
  6. 1 2 Berdnikov, L. N.; Ivanov, G. R. (1986). "On the Type of Variability of S Vul". Information Bulletin on Variable Stars. 2856: 1. Bibcode:1986IBVS.2856....1B.
  7. ↑ Wilson, Ralph Elmer (1953). "General catalogue of stellar radial velocities". Washington. Bibcode:1953GCRV..C......0W.
  8. 1 2 3 Gallenne, A.; Mérand, A.; Kervella, P.; Pietrzyński, G.; Gieren, W.; Hocdé, V.; Breuval, L.; Nardetto, N.; Lagadec, E. (May 25, 2021). "Extended envelopes around Galactic Cepheids. V. Multi-wavelength and time-dependent analysis of IR excess". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 651: A113. arXiv: 2105.12197 . Bibcode:2021A&A...651A.113G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202140350. ISSN   0004-6361.
  9. ↑ Marsakov, V. A.; Koval', V. V.; Kovtyukh, V. V.; Mishenina, T. V. (2013). "Properties of the population of classical Cepheids in the Galaxy". Astronomy Letters. 39 (12): 851. Bibcode:2013AstL...39..851M. doi:10.1134/S1063773713120050. S2CID   119788977.
  10. ↑ Cannon, Annie J. (1907). "Second catalogue of variable stars". Annals of Harvard College Observatory. 55: 1–94. Bibcode:1907AnHar..55....1C . Retrieved 16 April 2025.
  11. ↑ Nassau, J. J.; Ashbrook, J. (1943). "S Vulpeculae". Astronomical Journal. 50: 97. Bibcode:1943AJ.....50...97N. doi:10.1086/105732.
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