Atal Bihari Vajpayee was an Indian politician and poet who served three terms as the Prime Minister of India,first for a term of 13 days in 1996,then for a period of 13 months from 1998 to 1999,followed by a full term from 1999 to 2004. He was the first non-Congress prime minister to serve a full term in the office. Vajpayee was one of the co-founders and a senior leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party. He was a member of the RSS,a Hindu nationalist volunteer organisation. He was also a Hindi poet and a writer.
Vishwanath Pratap Singh,shortened to V. P. Singh,was an Indian politician who was the Prime Minister of India from 1989 to 1990 and the 41st Raja Bahadur of Manda.
Events in the year 2002 in the Republic of India.
Mufti Mohammad Sayeed was an Indian politician who served twice as the Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir,during November 2002–November 2005 and March 2015–January 2016. He was also Minister of Tourism in Rajiv Gandhi's cabinet and Home Minister of India in V. P. Singh's cabinet. He started in the wing of the National Conference led by G. M. Sadiq,which later merged into the Indian National Congress. He switched to Janata Dal in 1987,eventually founding his own regional party,People's Democratic Party (PDP). The PDP continues to be a political force in Jammu and Kashmir,currently led by his daughter Mehbooba Mufti.
Ghulam Nabi Azad is an Indian politician who served as Leader of Opposition in Rajya Sabha between 2014 and 2021. He also served as the Chief Minister of erstwhile state of Jammu and Kashmir from 2005 to 2008. On 26 September 2022,Azad announced his own political party as Democratic Progressive Azad Party. He is the chief patron cum founder of Democratic Progressive Azad Party.
Dr. Farooq Abdullah is an Indian politician and current President of Jammu &Kashmir National Conference. He has served as the Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir on several occasions since 1982,and as the union minister for New and Renewable Energy between 2009 and 2014. He is the son of the 1st elected Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir Sheikh Abdullah,and father of former Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir Omar Abdullah.
Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah was an Indian politician who played a central role in the politics of Jammu and Kashmir. Abdullah was the founding leader of the All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference and the 1st elected Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir after its accession to India. He agitated against the rule of the Maharaja Hari Singh and urged self-rule for Kashmir.
The Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) is a state political party in Jammu and Kashmir,India. The PDP was headed and founded by Mufti Mohammed Sayeed. His daughter,Mehbooba Mufti,succeeded him as party leader and as Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir following his death in January 2016. The party is a member of the People's Alliance for Gupkar Declaration electoral alliance. The party is also a member of the Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance since its founding on 18 June 2023.
Although India is a parliamentary democracy,the country's politics has become dynastic or with high level of nepotism,possibly due to the absence of party organizations,independent civil-society associations which mobilize support for a party,or centralized financing of elections. The dynastic phenomenon is present at the national,state,regional,and district level. The Nehru–Gandhi family has produced three Indian prime ministers,and family members have largely led the Congress party since 1978. The ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) also has several dynastic leaders. In addition to the major national parties,other national and regional parties such as Shiromani Akali Dal,Shiv Sena,Samajwadi Party,Rashtriya Janata Dal,Janata Dal Secular,Jharkhand Mukti Morcha,Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam,Kerala Congress,Jammu &Kashmir National Conference,Indian Union Muslim League,AIMIM,and the Nationalist Congress Party are all dominated by families,mostly those of the party founders.
Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad (1907–1972) was an Indian politician belonging to the Jammu &Kashmir National Conference,who served as the Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir from 1953 to 1964. Bakshi was a member of the National Conference from its founding and rose to be the second in command to the principal leader Sheikh Abdullah. He served as the Deputy Prime Minister of the State of Jammu and Kashmir between 1947 and 1953,but disagreed with Abdullah's advocacy of independence for the state in 1953. He staged a 'coup' with the help of the Head of State Karan Singh,resulting in the dismissal and imprisonment of Sheikh Abdullah. Bakshi was the longest serving Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir,whose rule saw the formulation of the Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir and a normalisation of relations of Jammu and Kashmir with the Indian government.
Karan Singh is an Indian politician and philosopher. He is the titular Maharaja of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir. From 1952 to 1965 he was the Sadr-i-Riyasat (President) of the state of Jammu and Kashmir. He is the chairperson trustee of the Dharmarth Trust of Jammu and Kashmir which maintains 175 temples in north India and works in other areas such as historical preservation.
Jagmohan Malhotra,known by the mononym Jagmohan,was an Indian civil servant and politician. After working with the Indian National Congress,he joined the Bharatiya Janata Party in 1995. He served as Lieutenant Governor of Delhi and Goa,as the 5th Governor of Jammu and Kashmir,and for three terms as Member of Parliament for New Delhi. In the cabinet,he served as Union Minister for Urban Development and Tourism.
Amitabh Mattoo is one of India's leading thinkers and writers on Modern and Contemporary History,Political science,International relations. He was awarded Padma Shri by the Government of India in 2009. He is Dean of the School of International Studies,Chair &professor at Jawaharlal Nehru University and honorary professor of international relations at the University of Melbourne. Until 19 June 2018,he served as Advisor to the Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir,with the status of a Cabinet Minister. Mattoo is a member of the Academic Advisory Board of the German Institute for Global and Area Studies and was recently elected unanimously as its Deputy Chair. He was the founding CEO of the Australia India Institute at the University of Melbourne and served as chairman of the governing board of Miranda House,University of Delhi,the highest-ranked women's college in India,and served as Chair of Kirori Mal College earlier He has also been a member of the Lancet Commission on Adolescent Health and Wellbeing. In 2002,he was the youngest person to be appointed as vice chancellor of a public university in independent India. Mattoo's advice on policy matters has been sought across political parties and across governments,including by Prime Ministers Atal Behari Vajpayee and Dr Manmohan Singh. Following the abrogation of Article 370 of the Constitution of India,he has offered a political roadmap for securing the future of Jammu and Kashmir. He has been a persistent advocate of multiculturalism and of reconciliation between Kashmiri Pandits and Kashmiri Muslims.
The Nehru–Gandhi family is an Indian political family that has occupied a prominent place in the politics of India. The involvement of the family has traditionally revolved around the Indian National Congress,as various members have traditionally led the party. Three members of the family—Jawaharlal Nehru,Indira Gandhi and Rajiv Gandhi—have served as the prime minister of India,while several others have been members of parliament (MP).
Atal Bihari Vajpayee was an Indian politician who served thrice as Prime Minister of India,first from 16 May to 1 June 1996,and then from 19 March 1998 to 22 May 2004. A member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP),Vajpayee was the tenth Prime Minister. He headed the BJP-led National Democratic Alliance in the Indian Parliament,and became the first Prime Minister unaffiliated with the Indian National Congress to complete a full five-year term in office. He died at the age of 93 on Thursday 16 August 2018 at 17:05 at AIIMS,New Delhi.
Khwaja Mubarak Shah was a senior Jammu &Kashmir National Conference leader and former Member of The Indian Parliament (MP) from the North Kashmir constituency of Baramulla in the early 1980s and also served as a Deputy Minister in the 1952 Government of Prime Minister Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah. He also served as Superintendent of Police from 1947 for a brief spell and was trained under Gen. Thimaih,and had given up the job to join politics after Sheikh Mohammed Abdullah was made as an interim Administrator to govern the State when its Dogra ruler Maharaja Hari Singh was dethroned in 1947. He was jailed along with Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah and remained in Jail from August 1953 to February 1963,when his father had died. Mubarak Shah polled an overwhelming 67.57% of votes in the Parliamentary Elections in 1980 as opposed to his closest opponent,Muzaffar Hussain Beg who polled 28.48% of total votes polled. He is the son of Khwaja Sikander Shah of Varmul and the Brother-in-Law of Ghulam Ahmad Ashai. He was succeeded as the MP from Baramulla by Saifuddin Soz,who went on to serve as the Union Minister for Water Resources in the first Manmohan Singh Administration.
The Jammu Praja Parishad was a political party active in the Jammu Division of the Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir. It was founded in November 1947 by the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh activist Balraj Madhok,and served as the main opposition party in the state. It maintained close ties with Bharatiya Jana Sangh during its lifetime and merged with the latter in 1963. Its main activity was to campaign for the close integration of Jammu and Kashmir with India and oppose the special status granted to the state under the Article 370 of the Indian constitution. After its merger with the Bharatiya Jana Sangh,the precursor of the present day Bharatiya Janata Party,the party gradually rose in stature. As an integral part of the Bharatiya Janata Party,it was a partner in the ruling coalition led by the People's Democratic Party.
Elections for the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir were held in February 1967. Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq was appointed Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir.
