Vishwanath Pratap Singh,shortened to V. P. Singh,was an Indian politician who was the 7th Prime Minister of India from 1989 to 1990 and the 41st Raja Bahadur of Manda. He is India's only prime minister to have been former royalty.
Events in the year 2002 in the Republic of India.
The Jammu &Kashmir National Conference (JKNC) is a regional political party in the Indian union territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh. Founded as the All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference by Sheikh Abdullah and Chaudhry Ghulam Abbas in 1932 in the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir,the organisation renamed itself to "National Conference" in 1939 in order to represent all the people of the state. It supported the accession of the princely state to India in 1947. Prior to that,in 1941,a group led by Ghulam Abbas broke off from the National Conference and revived the old Muslim Conference. The revived Muslim Conference supported the accession of the princely state to Pakistan and led the movement for Azad Kashmir.
Ghulam Nabi Azad is an Indian politician who served as Leader of Opposition in Rajya Sabha between 2014 to 2021. He also served as the Chief Minister of erstwhile state of Jammu and Kashmir from 2005 to 2008. On 26 September 2022,Azad announced his own political party as Democratic Azad Party. He is the chief patron cum founder of Democratic Azad Party.
Farooq Abdullah is an Indian politician who was Ex. President of Jammu &Kashmir National Conference. He has served as the Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir on several occasions since 1982,and as the union minister for New and Renewable Energy between 2009 and 2014. He is the son of the 1st elected Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir Sheikh Abdullah,and father of former Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir Omar Abdullah.
Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah was an Indian politician who played a central role in the politics of Jammu and Kashmir Abdullah was the founding leader of the All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference and the 1st elected Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir after its accession to India. He agitated against the rule of the Maharaja Hari Singh and urged self-rule for Kashmir. He served as the 1st elected Prime Minister of the Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir and was later jailed and exiled. He was dismissed from the position of Prime Ministership on 8 August 1953 and Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad was appointed as the new Prime Minister. The expressions 'Sadr-i-Riyasat' and 'Prime Minister' were replaced with the terms 'Governor' and 'Chief Minister' in 1965. Sheikh Abdullah again became the Chief Minister of the state following the 1974 Indira-Sheikh accord and remained in the top slot till his death on 8 September 1982.
The Kashmir conflict is a territorial conflict over the Kashmir region,primarily between India and Pakistan,with China playing a third-party role. The conflict started after the partition of India in 1947 as both India and Pakistan claimed the entirety of the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir. It is a dispute over the region that escalated into three wars between India and Pakistan and several other armed skirmishes. India controls approximately 55% of the land area of the region that includes Jammu,the Kashmir Valley,most of Ladakh,the Siachen Glacier,and 70% of its population;Pakistan controls approximately 30% of the land area that includes Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan;and China controls the remaining 15% of the land area that includes the Aksai Chin region,the mostly uninhabited Trans-Karakoram Tract,and part of the Demchok sector.
Although India is a parliamentary democracy,the country's politics has become dynastic or with high level of nepotism,possibly due to the absence of party organizations,independent civil-society associations which mobilize support for a party,or centralized financing of elections. The dynastic phenomenon is present at the national,state,regional,and district level. The Nehru–Gandhi family has produced three Indian prime ministers,and family members have largely led the Congress party since 1978. The ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) also has several senior dynastic leaders. In addition to the major national parties,other national and regional parties such as Shiromani Akali Dal,Shiv Sena,Samajwadi Party,Rashtriya Janata Dal,Janata Dal Secular,Jharkhand Mukti Morcha,Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam,Kerala Congress,Jammu &Kashmir National Conference,Indian Union Muslim League,AIMIM,and the Nationalist Congress Party are all dominated by families,mostly those of the party founders.
Karan Singh is an Indian politician and philosopher. He is the son of the last ruling Maharaja of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir,Sir Hari Singh. He was the prince regent of Jammu and Kashmir until 1952. From 1952 to 1965 he was the Sadr-i-Riyasat (President) of the state of Jammu and Kashmir in the Republic of India. He is the chairperson trustee of the Dharmarth Trust of Jammu and Kashmir which maintains 175 temples in north India and works in other areas such as historical preservation.
Jagmohan Malhotra,known by the mononym Jagmohan,was an Indian civil servant and politician. After working with the Indian National Congress,he joined the Bharatiya Janata Party in 1995. He served as Lieutenant Governor of Delhi and Goa,as the 5th Governor of Jammu and Kashmir,and for three terms as Member of Parliament for New Delhi. In the cabinet,he served as Union Minister for Urban Development and Tourism.
General elections were held in India between 25 October 1951 and 21 February 1952. They were the first elections to the Lok Sabha after independence in August 1947. It was conducted under the provisions of the Indian Constitution,which was adopted on 26 November 1949. Elections to most of the state legislatures took place simultaneously.
Jammu and Kashmir is administered by the Republic of India within the framework of a federal parliamentary republic as a union territory,like the union territory of Puducherry,with a multi-party democratic system of governance. Until 2019,it was governed as a state administered by India. Politics in the region reflects the historical tension and dispute that the state has been a part of in the form of the Kashmir conflict. The head of state is the Lieutenant Governor of Jammu and Kashmir,currently Manoj Sinha,while the head of government is the Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir,currently vacant. Legislative power is vested in the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir,although this was dissolved by the Governor on 21 November 2018. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.
Atal Bihari Vajpayee was an Indian politician who served twice as Prime Minister of India,first from 16 May to 1 June 1996,and then from 19 March 1998 to 22 May 2004. A member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP),Vajpayee was the tenth Prime Minister. He headed the BJP-led National Democratic Alliance in the Indian Parliament,and became the first Prime Minister unaffiliated with the Indian National Congress to complete a full five-year term in office. He died at the age of 93 on Thursday 16 August 2018 at 17:05 at AIIMS,New Delhi.
Khwaja Mubarak Shah was a senior Jammu &Kashmir National Conference leader and former Member of The Indian Parliament (MP) from the North Kashmir constituency of Baramulla in the early 1980s and also served as a Deputy Minister in the 1952 Government of Prime Minister Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah. He also served as Superintendent of Police from 1947 for a brief spell and was trained under Gen. Thimaih,and had given up the job to join politics after Sheikh Mohammed Abdullah was made as an interim Administrator to govern the State when its Dogra ruler Maharaja Hari Singh was dethroned in 1947. He was jailed along with Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah and remained in Jail from August 1953 to February 1963,when his father had died. Mubarak Shah polled an overwhelming 67.57% of votes in the Parliamentary Elections in 1980 as opposed to his closest opponent,Muzaffar Hussain Beg who polled 28.48% of total votes polled. He is the son of Khwaja Sikander Shah of Varmul and the Brother-in-Law of Ghulam Ahmad Ashai. He was succeeded as the MP from Baramulla by Saifuddin Soz,who went on to serve as the Union Minister for Water Resources in the first Manmohan Singh Administration.
Elections in the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir are conducted in accordance with the Constitution of India to elect the representatives of various bodies at national,state and district levels including the 114 seat unicameral Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly and the Parliament of India. The first elections in the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir took place between 28 November and 19 December 2020 in the form of by-elections to District Development Councils and municipal and panchayat level bodies. A fresh delimitation process for assembly constituencies began in February-March 2020.
The Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election,2014 was held in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir in five phases from 25 November –20 December 2014. Voters elected 87 members to the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly,which ends its six-year term on 19 January 2015. The results were declared on 23 December 2014. Voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) along with EVMs were used in 3 assembly seats out of 87 in Jammu Kashmir elections.
Rajya Sabha elections were held on various dates in 2009,to elect members of the Rajya Sabha,Indian Parliament's upper chamber. The elections were held to elect respectively four members from Jammu and Kashmir,three members from Kerala and one member from Pondicherry for the Council of States,the Rajya Sabha.
On 5 August 2019,the Parliament of India voted in favour of a resolution tabled by Home Minister Amit Shah to revoke the temporary special status,or autonomy,granted under Article 370 of the Indian Constitution to Jammu and Kashmir—a region administered by India as a state which consists of the larger part of Kashmir which has been the subject of dispute among India,Pakistan,and China since 1947.
