Meira Kumar | |
---|---|
15th Speaker of the Lok Sabha | |
In office 4 Jun 2009 –18 May 2014 | |
President | |
Prime Minister | Manmohan Singh |
Deputy Speaker | Kariya Munda |
Leader of the House | |
Preceded by | Somnath Chatterjee |
Succeeded by | Sumitra Mahajan |
Minister of Water Resources | |
In office 22 May 2009 –25 May 2009 | |
Prime Minister | Manmohan Singh |
Preceded by | Saifuddin Soz |
Succeeded by | Pawan Kumar Bansal |
Minister of Social Justice and Empowerment | |
In office 22 May 2004 –22 May 2009 | |
Prime Minister | Manmohan Singh |
Preceded by | Satyanarayan Jatiya |
Succeeded by | Selja Kumari |
Member of Parliament,Lok Sabha | |
In office 2004–2014 | |
Preceded by | Muni Lall |
Succeeded by | Chhedi Paswan |
Constituency | Sasaram |
In office 1996–1999 | |
Preceded by | Kalka Dass |
Succeeded by | Anita Arya |
Constituency | Karol Bagh |
In office 1985–1989 | |
Preceded by | Chowdhary Girdhari Lal |
Succeeded by | Mayawati |
Constituency | Bijnor (by-poll) |
Personal details | |
Born | Arrah,Bihar,British India (present day Arrah,Bihar,India) | 31 March 1945
Political party | Indian National Congress |
Other political affiliations | United Progressive Alliance |
Spouse | Manjul Kumar (m. 1968) |
Relations | Sumitra Devi (mother-in-law) |
Children | 3 (1 son and 2 daughters) |
Parent | Jagjivan Ram (father) Indrani Devi (mother) |
Alma mater | Faculty of Law, University of Delhi |
Meira Kumar (born 31 March 1945) is an Indian politician and former diplomat. A member of the Indian National Congress, she was the Minister of Social Justice and Empowerment from 2004 to 2009, the Minister of Water Resources for a brief period in 2009. She served as the 15th Speaker of Lok Sabha from 2009 to 2014, being the first woman to hold the post. Kumar became just the second woman to be nominated for president of India by a major political block when she secured the United Progressive Alliance's nomination in 2017.
Prior to being a member of the 15th Lok Sabha, Kumar had been elected earlier to the 8th, 11th, 12th and 14th Lok Sabha. Kumar was the joint presidential candidate by the leading opposition parties for 2017 presidential election and lost the election to the NDA nominee Ram Nath Kovind. Meira Kumar's vote share is the third highest for a losing candidate, that of Neelam Sanjiva Reddy in the 1969 Presidential elections and K. Subba Rao in 1967 Presidential elections.
Meira Kumar was born on 31 March 1945, in Bhojpur district, Bihar of the British India (present day Bihar, India) to Jagjivan Ram, an Depressed Class leader and former Deputy Prime Minister and Indrani Devi, a prominent leader of the Indian freedom struggle. [1] Growing up, Kumar shared a close relationship with her mother, with whom she spent most of her time. She has described her as the biggest influence from her childhood. [2]
Kumar attended the Welham Girls School, Dehradun and Maharani Gayatri Devi Girls' Public School in Jaipur. [3] She studied at Banasthali Vidyapith for a short duration. She completed her Master's degree and Bachelors of Law from Indraprastha College and the Faculty of Law, University of Delhi respectively. She also received an honorary doctorate from Banasthali Vidyapith in 2010. [4] [5]
Kumar worked as a social worker during her youth, actively participating in movements supporting social reforms, human rights, and democratic ideas.[ citation needed ] She was appointed as the Chairperson of National Drought Relief Committee constituted by the Congress during 1967 famine in region of Bihar. As the head of the commission, Kumar launched a Family Adoption Scheme under which drought-affected families were provided support from volunteering households. [6]
Kumar joined the Indian Foreign Service in 1973 and was posted as language trainee at the Embassy of India Spain. During this period, she obtained a diploma in Spanish. [6] Later, she was posted at the High Commission of India,United Kingdom . [6] After working as a diplomat for a decade, Kumar quit the Indian Foreign Services in 1985 and decided to enter politics after being encouraged by her father and the then Prime Minister of India, Rajiv Gandhi. [7]
Kumar entered electoral politics in 1985, when she received an Indian National Congress' nomination for the Lok Sabha from the Bijnor constituency bye-poll in Uttar Pradesh. She defeated, as a newcomer, two veteran dalit leaders including Ram Vilas Paswan of the Janata Dal and Mayawati of the Bahujan Samajwadi Party. [8] [9] Following her election to the Lok Sabha, Kumar was appointed as member of the Ministry of External Affairs' Consultative Committee in 1986. [6]
Meera Kumar lost elections for 9th Lok Sabha (1989) and 10th Lok Sabha from Sasaram, but went on to win elections for the 11th (in 1996) and the 12th Lok Sabhas from Karol Bagh in Delhi. She lost her seat to the candidate from the Bhartiya Janata Party in 1999 election, but was able re-elected with a significant majority from her father's former constituency of Sasaram in Bihar in 2004 and 2009. In the 2014 general election and in 2019, Kumar contested from Sasaram and lost both times to her nemesis Chhedi Paswan who has defeated her in Sasaram four times. [10]
Following the Congress party's win in the 2004 Indian general elections, Kumar served in the United Progressive Alliance's Government as the Minister of Social Justice and Empowerment from 2004 to 2009, under the premiership of Manmohan Singh.[ citation needed ]
In 2009, the United Progressive Alliance returned to power after an improved performance in the general election and Kumar was, on May 22, 2009, briefly inducted as member of the centre's cabinet as the Minister for Water Resources.[ citation needed ]
However, she was later nominated for the position of the Speaker of Lok Sabha and she submitted her resignation three days after assuming ministerial office. Kumar was then elected as the first ever woman speaker of Lok Sabha and remained in office from 2009 to 2014. [11] [12]
Kumar secured the United Progressive Alliance's nomination for the 2017 Indian presidential election, becoming just the third woman to be nominated for president of India by a major political bloc, [lower-alpha 1] after Pratibha Patil. [13] Although she received support from most of the major opposition parties for her election to the office, she went on to lose to the National Democratic Alliance nominee Ram Nath Kovind. [14]
Kovind received a total of 2,930 votes (which included both Members of Parliament and Members of the Legislative Assemblies) amounting to electoral college votes of 702,044. [14] He defeated Kumar, who received a total of 1,844 votes amounting to 367,314 votes in terms of electoral college. [15] [16]
Party (Alliance) | Candidate | Electoral Votes | Vote Percentage | States carried |
---|---|---|---|---|
BJP (NDA) | Ram Nath Kovind | 702,044 | 65.65% | 21 |
INC (UPA) | Meira Kumar | 367,314 | 34.35% | 10 |
Meira Kumar has been elected 5 times as Lok Sabha MP. [18] She lost from Sasaram in 2019.
# | Term Start | Term End | Position | Party |
---|---|---|---|---|
1. | 1985 | 1989 | MP (1st term) in 8th Lok Sabha from Bijnor (by-poll) | INC |
2. | 1996 | 1998 | MP (2nd term) in 11th Lok Sabha from Karol Bagh | INC |
3. | 1998 | 1999 | MP (3rd term) in 12th Lok Sabha from Karol Bagh | INC |
4. | 2004 | 2009 | MP (4th term) in 14th Lok Sabha from Sasaram | INC |
5. | 2009 | 2014 | MP (5th term) in 15th Lok Sabha from Sasaram | INC |
Janata Dal (United) (lit. 'People's Party (United)'), abbreviated as JD(U), is an Indian political party with political presence mainly in eastern and north-eastern India. JD(U) is recognised as a state party in the states of Bihar, Arunachal Pradesh and Manipur. JD(U) heads the government in Bihar under Chief Minister Nitish Kumar and is also a member of the ruling government in Manipur. JD(U) won 16 seats in the 2019 Indian general election, making it the seventh largest party in the Lok Sabha.
Ram Vilas Paswan was an Indian politician from Bihar and the Cabinet Minister of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution in the first and second Modi ministries. Paswan was also the president of the Lok Janshakti Party, nine-times Lok Sabha member and two-time Rajya Sabha MP. He started his political career as member of Samyukta Socialist Party and was elected to the Bihar Legislative Assembly in 1969. Later, Paswan joined Lok Dal upon its formation in 1974, and became its general secretary. He opposed the emergency, and was arrested during this period. He first entered the Lok Sabha in 1977, as a Janata Party member from Hajipur constituency, and was elected again in 1980, 1989, 1991, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2004 and 2014.
Sasaram, also spelled as Shahsaram, is a historical city and a municipal corporation region in the Rohtas district of Bihar state in eastern India.
Shahabad district or Arrah district, headquartered at Arrah was a Bhojpuri speaking district in western Bihar, India, making the western border of Bihar with Uttar Pradesh. In 1972, the district was split into two districts: Bhojpur and Rohtas. Kaimur District was carved out from Rohtas in 1991 and Buxar District from Bhojpur in 1992.
Muni Lall was an Indian politician, minister and civil servant.
Members of the 15th Lok Sabha were elected during the 2009 general election in India. It was dissolved on 18 May 2014 by President Pranab Mukherjee.
Sasaram is one of the 40 Lok Sabha (parliamentary) constituencies in Bihar state in eastern India. It is reserved for Scheduled Castes.
Central University of South Bihar (CUSB) is one of the sixteen newly established Central Universities by the Government of India under the Central Universities Act, 2009. The university is located at Panchanpur, Gaya, Bihar, India. On 27 February 2014, Lok Sabha Speaker Meira Kumar laid the foundation stone for the permanent campus in Gaya. When completed, it will be spread in a 300-acre campus at Panchanpur. Currently further construction is ongoing. Dr. C. P. Thakur is now the newly appointed Chancellor by President of India and Kameshwar Nath Singh is the vice chancellor. CUSB is NAAC Accredited 'A++' grade university.
Chhedi Paswan is a former member of 16th Lok Sabha and a former member of Bihar Legislative Assembly. He represents the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) since 2014. At various points, he has been with Janata Party, then its Charan Singh faction, then the reunited Janata Dal, Bahujan Samaj Party, Nationalist Congress Party, Lalu Prasad Yadav's RJD and Nitish Kumar's JD(U).
Upendra Kumar Singh, commonly known as Upendra Kushwaha is an Indian politician, and a former Member of Bihar Legislative Council and Bihar Legislative Assembly. He has also served as Minister of State for Human Resources and Development in the Government of India. Kushwaha is a former Member of Parliament (MP) from the Karakat constituency in Rohtas district, Bihar, and a former member of the Rajya Sabha. He was the leader of Rashtriya Samata Party (RSP), his own party, which merged into Janata Dal (United) (JDU) in 2009. Later, he formed Rashtriya Lok Samata Party (RLSP), which also merged with JD(U) in 2021. On 20 February 2023, Kushwaha resigned from all positions in Janata Dal (United) and formed his own party called Rashtriya Lok Morcha due to his political problems with JD(U) and Nitish Kumar.
The list of political families of Bihar state of India:
Ram Nath Kovind is an Indian politician and lawyer who served as the 14th president of India from 2017 to 2022. He is the first person from Uttar Pradesh to serve as President of India. He is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party and also the first person from BJP to become the President of India. Prior to his presidency, he served as the 26th Governor of Bihar from 2015 to 2017. He also served as a Member of Rajya Sabha from 1994 to 2006. Before entering politics, he was a lawyer for 16 years and practised in the Delhi High Court and the Supreme Court of India until 1993.
Karra Parasu Ramaiah is an Indian politician and former civil servant.
Sumitra Devi was an Indian National Congress politician from Bihar. She was first elected to Bihar Legislative Assembly in 1952 from Jagdishpur. In 1963, she became the first woman cabinet minister of Bihar. She was also the first Bihari woman to become a cabinet minister in Government of India in 1977. Devi was born in Munger district on September 25, 1922, and died on February 3, 2001. She has served 4 times as MLA of Arrah from 1962 to 1969 and 1972 to 1980. Apart from this, she was also elected once from Piro Assembly constituency in 1957. In 1977, she participated in Indian General elections from Balia Lok Sabha constituency as an independent candidate, but she was defeated.
The 2017 presidential election was held in India on 17 July 2017 with the votes counted and the results announced on 20 July 2017. President Pranab Mukherjee, whose term of office was due to expire on 24 July 2017, declined to seek re-election due to health concerns and old age.
The elections in India in 2017 include the seven state legislative assembly elections.
2017 in India highlights the national/Daily level events during the year.
The presidency of Ram Nath Kovind began on 25 July 2017, when he took the oath as the fourteenth president of India administered by Chief Justice Jagdish Singh Khehar. Kovind was the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)-led National Democratic Alliance (NDA) nominee and defeated the Indian National Congress (Congress)-led United Progressive Alliance (UPA) nominee and former speaker of Lok Sabha, Meira Kumar. Prior to being the presidential nominee, he was the governor of Bihar and a member of parliament in Rajya Sabha. Kovind secured approximately two-thirds of the electoral college vote of the elected members of the federal, state and union territory legislatures.
Anshul Avijit is an Indian politician, who is a member of Indian National Congress. Avijit is serving as national spokesperson of Indian National Congress and is a candidate of party for 2024 Indian General Elections from Patna Sahib Lok Sabha constituency. Avijit hails from a political family. His maternal grandfather Jagjivan Ram was Deputy Prime Minister of India, while his mother Meira Kumar was former speaker of Lok Sabha.