Isabella d'Este was the Marchioness of Mantua and one of the leading women of the Italian Renaissance as a major cultural and political figure.
Girolamo Francesco Maria Mazzola, also known as Francesco Mazzola or, more commonly, as Parmigianino, was an Italian Mannerist painter and printmaker active in Florence, Rome, Bologna, and his native city of Parma. His work is characterized by a "refined sensuality" and often elongation of forms and includes Vision of Saint Jerome (1527) and the iconic if somewhat anomalous Madonna with the Long Neck (1534), and he remains the best known artist of the first generation whose whole careers fall into the Mannerist period.
Bartolomeo Veneto was an Italian painter who worked in Venice, the Veneto, and Lombardy. During his time in Venice, he studied under Gentile Bellini. The little information available about Bartolomeo's life has been derived from his signatures, dates, and inscriptions. His best-known works are portraits or pictures with portrait-like character. Bartolomeo's later works, and especially those done on commission in Milan, indicate an influence from the artist Leonardo da Vinci.
Portrait of Isabella d'Este is an oil on canvas painting of a young woman by Titian. It can be dated to the 1530s and is held in the Kunsthistorisches Museum, in Vienna. The artist and the date are undisputed. Beyond the museum documentation, there are several doubts about the person depicted.
The Galleria Estense is an art gallery in the heart of Modena, centred around the collection of the d’Este family: rulers of Modena, Reggio and Ferrara from 1289 to 1796. Located on the top floor of the Palazzo dei Musei, on the St. Augustine square, the museum showcases a vast array of works ranging from fresco and oil painting to marble, polychrome and terracotta sculpture; musical instruments; numismatics; curios and decorative antiques.
La Scapigliata is an unfinished painting generally attributed to the Italian High Renaissance artist Leonardo da Vinci, and dated c. 1506–1508. Painted in oil, umber, and white lead pigments on a small poplar wood panel, its attribution remains controversial, with several experts attributing the work to a pupil of Leonardo. The painting has been admired for its captivating beauty, mysterious demeanor, and mastery of sfumato.
The Circumcision, a painting by the Italian Mannerist artist Parmigianino of the common subject of the circumcision of Jesus, was executed around 1523 and is now in the Detroit Institute of Arts, Michigan, United States.
Portrait of Pier Maria Rossi di San Secondo is a painting by the Italian Mannerist artist Parmigianino, executed around 1535–1539 and housed in the Museo del Prado, Madrid, Spain. The subject was Count of San Secondo, and the painting forms a pair with a group portrait of his Countess and their children, Portrait of Camilla Gonzaga and Her Three Sons, although the latter is not unanimously attributed to Parmigianino.
Portrait of Camilla Gonzaga and Her Three Sons is a painting attributed to the Italian Mannerist artist Parmigianino and his workshop, executed around 1535–1537 and housed in the Museo del Prado, Madrid, Spain. It forms a pair with another painting in the Prado, the Portrait of Pier Maria Rossi di San Secondo, Camilla's husband, a painting which is unanimously assigned to Parmigianino.
The Vision of Saint Jerome of The Madonna and Child with Saints is a painting by the Italian Mannerist artist Parmigianino, executed in 1526–1527. It is in the collection of the National Gallery, London, United Kingdom.
Holy Family with the Infant Saint John the Baptist is a painting by Parmigianino, executed c. 1528. It was in the Palazzo Farnese in Rome until 1662, when it moved to Parma. There it hung in the Palazzo del Giardino and later in the Galleria Ducale - the 'Descrizione' of the latter in 1725 called it one of the finest works on display there. It and the rest of the Farnese collection were later moved to Naples and the work was exhibited for a few years in the Palazzo Reale before moving to its present home in the National Museum of Capodimonte. Two early copies remain in the Galleria Nazionale and Palazzo Comunale in Parma.
Portrait of a Man in a Red Beret or Self-Portrait in a Red Beret is an oil on paper painting attributed to Parmigianino or Michelangelo Anselmi, executed c. 1540, now in the collection of the National Gallery of Parma.
Adoration of the Shepherds is an oil on panel painting by Parmigianino, executed c. 1521–1522, now in a private collection. The work was rediscovered by Gould in 1992 and a year later was exhibited at the Kunsthaus Zürich. Like Nativity, it was identified as a work of the artist's youth, whilst he was still strongly influenced by Correggio, an influence which only faded after 1524.
Boy with a Finger in His Mouth is a c.1530 oil on panel painting by Parmigianino, now in a private collection. In his right hand he holds a tablet with his ABC. Arturo Quintavalle argued it was a copy after Parmigianino, but most other art historians argue it to be an autograph work.
Saint Roch is a tempera on canvas painting by Parmigianino, executed c. 1528, now in a private collection in Parma. It measures 27.8 by 21.5 cm. A preparatory study for the work survives in the Bonnat Museum in Bayonne. Like the artist's Saint Roch with a Donor (1527), its elongated figures are typical of works produced during his stay in Bologna after escaping the Sack of Rome.
The Casalmaggiore Altarpiece is a 1540 oil on panel painting by Parmigianino, now in the Gemäldegalerie in Dresden, which acquired it from the Este collection in 1746.
The Holy Family with Angels is an oil painting on panel of c. 1524 by Parmigianino in the Museo del Prado in Madrid.
The Sanvitale Madonna and Child is a 1524 fragment of a lunette fresco by Parmigianino at the Palazzetto Eucherio Sanvitale in Parma. It is heavily influenced by Correggio, particularly quoting his Madonna of the Stairs. It dates to just before Parmigianino set off for Rome in 1525, particularly by comparing it with his other works from that period such as his Diana and Actaeon frescoes at Rocca di Fontanellato. Preparatory drawings for the work survive in the British Museum's Department of Prints and Drawings, the Cabinet des Dessins at the Louvre and a private collection.
Isabella in Red is a portrait of a woman by Peter Paul Rubens in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. It is considered a close copy of a lost Titian original.
