| Salix tweedyi | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Salix tweedyi collected in 1897, Wyoming, USA | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Malpighiales |
| Family: | Salicaceae |
| Genus: | Salix |
| Species: | S. tweedyi |
| Binomial name | |
| Salix tweedyi (Bebb ex Rose) C.R. Ball 1905 | |
Salix tweedyi, or Tweedy's willow, is a shrub in the willow family. It is native to the northwestern United States.
Tweedy's willow was first published as Salix barrattiana tweedyi Bebb by Joseph Nelson Rose in 1896. [1] Rose credited the late Michael Schuck Bebb as the authority. Bebb, considered the leading expert on willows, [2] was the first to describe and name the plant. He called it Salix barrattiana denudata due to its glabrous leaves and capsules, very different from the silky hairy leaves and capsules typical of S. barrattiana. However, 'denudata' was already in use, so Rose substituted 'tweedyi', in honor of Frank Tweedy, thought to be the first to collect it. [3] The type specimen, collected by Tweedy in 1893, is deposited in the Gray Herbarium at Harvard. [4]
In 1905, willow expert Carleton Roy Ball gave Tweedy's willow full species status: Salix tweedyi. "A study of the type material and of later collections leaves no doubt that this willow is specifically distinct from S. barrattiana. Not only do the nearly glabrous leaves and the glabrous capsules serve to distinguish it, but the leaf margin thickly set with conspicuous glands is a marked character. [3]
Salix tweedyi (Bebb ex Rose) C.R. Ball remains the accepted name. It no longer is considered a close relative of S. barrattiana. [5]
Salix tweedyi is a shrub to 3 m (9.8 ft) high, with short stout branches. Stipules (at base of leaf stems) are leaf-like, ovate to roundish, to 2 cm (0.79 in) long. Leaf blades are broadly lance-shaped to oval, to 8 cm (3.1 in) long, the margins finely toothed and lined with tiny round glands. Leaves are glabrous to sparsely hairy, and glaucous (bluish green) below. Flowers are very small, and arranged in male and female catkins. Female catkins emerge before the leaves, are 3–9 cm (1.2–3.5 in) long, and the scale below each tiny flower is dark with long hairs. [5] [6]
Salix tweedyi is native to western North America, from British Columbia south and east through parts of Washington, Idaho and Montana to Wyoming. [7] [6] It grows in subalpine and alpine zones along streams and lakes; in marshes and bogs; on talus slopes, tundra, quartzite, granite and sometimes limestone; at 1,400–4,000 m (4,600–13,100 ft) elevation. [5]
Tweedy's willow is ranked G4, i.e., apparently secure globally. It is of state/provincial conservation concern in Washington, Wyoming and British Columbia. [8]
Tweedy's willow was named by Joseph Nelson Rose in honor of botanist Frank Tweedy, who made the type collection in 1893, from the head of Big Goose Creek in the Bighorn Mountains of Wyoming. At the time, Tweedy was working as a topographer for the US Geological Survey. As Rose noted, "His collecting was merely incidental to his other work, and was done chiefly while reaching some mountain peak or returning from it to camp. His plants, therefore, are chiefly alpine. [1]
In his 1905 "Notes on American Willows", Carleton Roy Ball reported that Tweedy's type specimen was not the first collection of Salix tweedyi. In the US National Herbarium, Ball discovered a specimen of S. tweedyi collected by John Merle Coulter, expedition botanist on the Hayden Survey of 1872—two decades before Tweedy found it in the Bighorn Mountains. [Tweedy's collection remains the type.] [3]
Thomas Conrad Porter, also a botanist on Hayden's 1872 expedition, identified Coulter's collection as Salix barrattiana. During his research, Ball annotated it as S. tweedyi. A later annotation reads Salix vestita, which is the name used in the herbarium database. [9] However, Coulter's willow specimen clearly is not S. vestita, which has smaller round leaves and no stipules. [10]
Salix caprea, known as goat willow, pussy willow or great sallow, is a common species of willow native to Europe and western and central Asia.
Salix lanata, the woolly willow, is a subarctic species of willow native to Iceland, the Faeroes, northern Scandinavia, Finland, through to eastern Siberia. In Scotland it can be found in only a few localities of Perthshire, Angus and Aberdeen, generally on rocky mountain sides at altitudes between 600–900 m (1,969–2,953 ft).
Michael Schuck Bebb was an amateur systematic botanist in the 19th century with a reputation as the leading salicologist in both America and Europe. His extensive work on the genus Salix led to several plants being named in his honour.
Salix barrattiana is a species of flowering plant in the willow family known by the common name Barratt's willow. It is native to North America, where it is distributed across Alaska and western Canada, with also a few populations in Montana and Wyoming. These disjunct populations are probably relics from a time when the climate was colder. The southernmost population is technically in Wyoming, but it is located at the Montana state line and it is limited to one clone of all-staminate plants within an area of 100 m2 in a high-elevation habitat.
Salix geyeriana is a species of willow known by the common names Geyer's willow, Geyer willow and silver willow. The type specimen was collected by the botanist Karl Andreas Geyer, for whom it was named. Its conspicuous, yellow flowers begin to bloom as early as March, to as late as the end of June.
Erigeron tweedyi, Tweedy's fleabane, is a perennial herb in the daisy family. It is native to the Rocky Mountains in Montana, Idaho and Wyoming.
Frank Tweedy (1854–1937) was an American topographer who worked on pioneering surveys first in the Adirondacks, and then in the American West. He also was a botanist, making major contributions to our knowledge of the western flora and vegetation. He is perhaps best known for his studies in Yellowstone National Park.
Plantago tweedyi, Tweedy's plantain, is a perennial herb in the plantain family. It is native to the western United States, from New Mexico and Arizona north to Montana.
Salix alatavica is a small shrub from the genus of willow (Salix). It is native to mountainous slopes in Asia, in Kazakhstan, southern Russia, Mongolia, and northern China.
Ivesia tweedyi, Tweedy's mousetail or Tweedy's ivesia, is a perennial herb in the rose family. It is native to the Pacific Northwest in the United States, from Washington east to westernmost Montana.
Chionophila tweedyi, or Tweedy's snowlover, is a perennial herb in the plantain family. It is native to Idaho and Montana in the western United States.
Salix boseensis is a shrub from the genus of willow (Salix) with initially brownish, frosted and bare branches and 6 to 9 centimeters long leaf blades. The natural range of the species is in China.
Salix chikungensis is a shrub in the willow genus Salix with tomentose hairy and later balding branches. The leaf blades have lengths of 6 to 8.5 centimeters. The natural range of the species is in China.
Salix chingiana is a small tree in the willow genus Salix with dull purple-colored, bare branches. The stipules are permanent, the leaf blades are 7 to 10 centimeters long. The natural range of the species is in China.
Salix cavaleriei is a large tree from the genus of willow (Salix) with a gray-brown, furrowed bark. The leaf blades have lengths of 4 to 11 centimeters. The natural range of the species is in China. It is planted for logging and for fastening embankments.
Salix delavayana is a shrub or small tree from the genus willow (Salix) with mostly 3 to 8 centimeters long leaf blades. The natural range of the species is in the south of China and in Tibet.
Salix dissa is a low shrub from the genus willow (Salix) with usually 1 to 3 centimeters long leaf blades. The natural range of the species is in China.
Salix eriostachya is a species from the genus of willows (Salix) and grows as a shrub. The leaf blades are 4 to 11 centimeters long. The natural range of the species is in India, Nepal, and China.
Gilia tweedyi, or Tweedy's gilia, is an annual plant in the phlox family. It is native to the northwestern United States.