The Pyralidae, commonly called pyralid moths, snout moths or grass moths, are a family of Lepidoptera in the ditrysian superfamily Pyraloidea. In many classifications, the grass moths (Crambidae) are included in the Pyralidae as a subfamily, making the combined group one of the largest families in the Lepidoptera. The latest review by Eugene G. Munroe and Maria Alma Solis retain the Crambidae as a full family of Pyraloidea.
The Hepialidae are a family of insects in the lepidopteran order. Moths of this family are often referred to as swift moths or ghost moths.
Alexander Walker Scott was an Australian entomologist mainly interested in butterflies.
Xylophagy is a term used in ecology to describe the habits of an herbivorous animal whose diet consists primarily of wood. The word derives from Greek ξυλοφάγος (xulophagos) "eating wood", from ξύλον "wood" and φαγεῖν "to eat". Animals feeding only on dead wood are called sapro-xylophagous or saproxylic.
The Pyralinae are the typical subfamily of snout moths and occur essentially worldwide, in some cases aided by involuntary introduction by humans. They are rather rare in the Americas however, and their diversity in the Australian region is also limited. Altogether, this subfamily includes about 900 described species, but new ones continue to be discovered. Like many of their relatives in the superfamily Pyraloidea, the caterpillar larvae of many Pyralinae – and in some cases even the adults – have evolved the ability to use unusual foods for nutrition; a few of these can become harmful to humans as pests of stored goods.
Hypena is a genus of moths in the family Erebidae. It was first described by Franz von Paula Schrank in 1802. These non-migratory moths overwinter as pupae and almost never estivate as adults.
Sandava xylistis, the rusty snout, is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Charles Swinhoe in 1900. It is found in the Australian states of Victoria and Queensland, New South Wales, Tasmania, South Australia and the Australian Capital Territory.
Arrade leucocosmalis, the garden snout, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Francis Walker in 1863. It is found in Victoria, Australia.
Carmara is a monotypic moth genus of the family Noctuidae. Its only species, Carmara subcervina, is found in Sri Lanka, Japan, Taiwan, Borneo and Australia. Both the genus and species were first described by Francis Walker in 1864.
Sandava is a genus of moths of the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Francis Walker in 1863.
Hypena bijugalis, the dimorphic bomolocha, dimorphic hypena or toothed snout-moth, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Francis Walker in 1859. It is found in North America from Nova Scotia across southern Canada to Vancouver Island, south over the whole United States to Florida.
Hypena palparia, the variegated snout-moth or mottled bomolocha, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Francis Walker in 1861. It is found in North America from Nova Scotia west across southern Canada to British Columbia, and south to Alabama and Texas.
Rivula curvifera is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Francis Walker in 1862. It is found in Australia, China, Japan, Taiwan and on the Korean Peninsula.
Pyralis pictalis, the painted meal moth or poplar pyralis, is a snout moth. It is closely related to the family's type species the meal moth and consequently belongs to the tribe Pyralini of the snout moth subfamily Pyralinae. Its native range is tropical Asia to East Asia and to Wallacea and adjacent regions, but it has been quite widely distributed by humans. The term "Poplar" in its common name does not refer to the trees, but to Poplar, London, where the type specimen – from such an introduction – was caught. It was called scarce meal moth in the original description, which is only correct for the fringes of its range however.
The Phycitinae are a subfamily of snout moths. Even though the Pyralidae subfamilies are all quite diverse, Phycitinae stand out even by standards of their family: with over 600 genera considered valid and more than 4000 species placed here at present, they unite up more than three-quarters of living snout moth diversity. Together with the closely related Epipaschiinae, they are apparently the most advanced lineage of snout moths.
Bonchis is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Francis Walker in 1862, and is known from Trinidad and Brazil.
Faveria leucophaeella is a species of snout moth in the genus Faveria. It was described by Philipp Christoph Zeller in 1867. It is found in South Africa, Australia, Japan, Taiwan and China.
Orthaga is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Francis Walker in 1859.
Athetis reclusa is a moth of the family Noctuidae first described by Francis Walker in 1862. It is found from Sundaland to New Caledonia and Fiji. The habitat consists of open areas from sea level up to 1,200 meters.
Sacada is a genus of snout moths described by Francis Walker in 1862.
