Candidiasis is a fungal infection due to any species of the genus Candida. When it affects the mouth, in some countries it is commonly called thrush. Signs and symptoms include white patches on the tongue or other areas of the mouth and throat. Other symptoms may include soreness and problems swallowing. When it affects the vagina, it may be referred to as a yeast infection or thrush. Signs and symptoms include genital itching, burning, and sometimes a white "cottage cheese-like" discharge from the vagina. Yeast infections of the penis are less common and typically present with an itchy rash. Very rarely, yeast infections may become invasive, spreading to other parts of the body. This may result in fevers, among other symptoms.
Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogenic yeast that is a common member of the human gut flora. It can also survive outside the human body. It is detected in the gastrointestinal tract and mouth in 40–60% of healthy adults. It is usually a commensal organism, but it can become pathogenic in immunocompromised individuals under a variety of conditions. It is one of the few species of the genus Candida that cause the human infection candidiasis, which results from an overgrowth of the fungus. Candidiasis is, for example, often observed in HIV-infected patients. C. albicans is the most common fungal species isolated from biofilms either formed on (permanent) implanted medical devices or on human tissue. C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, and C. glabrata are together responsible for 50–90% of all cases of candidiasis in humans. A mortality rate of 40% has been reported for patients with systemic candidiasis due to C. albicans. By one estimate, invasive candidiasis contracted in a hospital causes 2,800 to 11,200 deaths yearly in the US. Nevertheless, these numbers may not truly reflect the true extent of damage this organism causes, given new studies indicating that C. albicans can cross the blood–brain barrier in mice.
Candida is a genus of yeasts. It is the most common cause of fungal infections worldwide and the largest genus of medically important yeasts.
Oral candidiasis (Acute pseudomembranous candidiasis), also known as oral thrush among other names, is candidiasis that occurs in the mouth. That is, oral candidiasis is a mycosis (yeast/fungal infection) of Candida species on the mucous membranes of the mouth.
Clavispora lusitaniae, formerly also known by the anamorph name Candida lusitaniae, is a species of yeast in the genus Candida or Clavispora. The species name is a teleomorph name.
Saperda punctata is a beetle species of flat-faced longhorns belonging to the family Cerambycidae, subfamily Lamiinae.
Saperda carcharias is a species of longhorn beetle.
Saperda is a genus of flat-faced longhorn beetles belonging to the family Cerambycidae, subfamily Lamiinae. The genus was erected by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1775.
Saperdini is a tribe of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae.
Saperda calcarata, the poplar borer, is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Thomas Say in 1824. It is known from Canada and the United States. It contains the varietas Saperda calcarata var. adspersa.
Saperda inornata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Thomas Say in 1824. It is known from Canada and the United States. It feeds on Populus tremuloides.
The Linden borer is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Thomas Say in 1824. It is known from Canada and the United States. It feeds on Tilia americana.
Saperda horni is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Joutel in 1902. It is known from Canada and the United States. The species name is often misspelled as hornii.
Saperda interrupta is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Gebler in 1825. It is known from China, Russia, Siberia, Korea and Japan. It is associated with coniferous plantations, and infests species of fir, pine, spruce and other conifers.
Saperda lateralis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1775. It is known from Canada and the United States.
Saperda perforata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Pallas in 1773, originally under the genus Cerambyx. It has a wide distribution in Europe. It feeds on Populus nigra, Populus alba, and Populus tremula. It is preyed upon by the parasitoid wasp Xorides indicatorius.
Saperda populnea, the small poplar borer, is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae which forms woody galls on twigs of poplars and willows. It was described by Carl Linnaeus in 1758.
Saperda quercus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Charpentier in 1825. It is known from Turkey, Romania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Jordan, Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece, Syria, and possibly Hungary. It feeds on Quercus coccifera.
Saperda scalaris is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, originally under the genus Cerambyx. It has a wide distribution in Europe and Asia. It is preyed upon by parasitoid wasp species including Xorides praecatorius and Helcon angustator.
The elm borer is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Olivier in 1795. It is known from Canada and the United States. It feeds on Ulmus rubra and Ulmus americana. It acts as a vector for the fungus Ophiostoma ulmi, and as a host for the parasitoid wasp Cenocoelius saperdae.
