Scaphopetalum

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Scaphopetalum
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malvales
Family: Malvaceae
Subfamily: Byttnerioideae
Tribe: Byttnerieae
Genus: Scaphopetalum
Mast.

Scaphopetalum is a genus previously classified under the plant family Sterculiaceae. Currently, under the APG IV system the genus is placed under the subfamily Byttnerioideae of the family Malvaceae sensu lato. The distribution of the genus is restricted to the rain forests of Africa. In total 26 taxa have been described, 21 have been recognized (20 species and 1 variety), two invalid and one nomen nudus (without a formal description).

Contents

History

The genus Scaphopetalum was first described by Masters (1867), [1] based on material from Equatorial Guinee (Mt.John) collected by Gustav Mann. Three species were described by Maxwell T. Masters, S. longe-penduculatum , S. blackii and S. mannii . Later, É. De Wildeman and T. Durant (June, 1897) described S. thonneri based on material collected by F. Thonner from northern DRC. A few months later K. Schumann (October, 1897) described four new species, S. stipulosum , S. macranthum , S. zenkeri and S. monophysca . The last species, S. monophysca closely resembles S. thonerii and its description is based on material from Cameroon and Gabon.

The next six new species are a contribution of German taxonomists mainly based on material from Cameroon collected by Ledermann, Mildbraed and Zenker. In 1908 H.Winkler describes S. paxii . collected by himself in Cameroon. Engler and Krause described two species in 1911, S. pallidinervis and S. riparia and three in 1913, S. discolor , S. acuminatum and S. bruneo-purpureum . S. discolor is a species from Congo and the other four from Cameroon. That same year Baker f. described two species based on material collected by Talbot from Nigeria, S. parvifolium and S. talbotii .

The first species for West Africa was described by A. Chevalier in 1917 and named S. amoenum . For the Mayombe region (Gabon) two species were described by Pellegrine in 1921, S. letestui and S. ngounyense . The first species was made synonym by Halle in 1961 as a variety within S. blackii, S. blackii var. letestui . In the same publication N. Halle splits off another variety S. thonneri var. klainei . Both varieties were described without a prologue in Latin and subsequently invalid. In the same year R. Germain describes a new species S. vanderijstii and a new variety S. dewevrei var. suborophila both for DRC. The most recent species is described from Equatorial Guinea, S. obiangianum by M.E. Leal [2] in 2007.

Species

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  2. Culcasia annetiiNtépé-Nyamè - Ivory Coast, Cameroon, Liberia
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  5. Culcasia caudataEngl. - Zaïre
  6. Culcasia dinklageiEngl - western + central Africa from Liberia to Zaïre
  7. Culcasia ekongoloiNtépé-Nyamè - central Africa from Nigeria to Zaïre
  8. Culcasia falcifoliaEngl. - central Africa from Gabon east to Tanzania and south to Mozambique
  9. Culcasia glandulosaHepper - Ivory Coast, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Congo-Brazzaville
  10. Culcasia insulanaN.E.Br. - Zaïre, Cameroon, Gulf of Guinea Islands
  11. Culcasia lanceolataEngl. - Cameroon, Gabon
  12. Culcasia libericaN.E.Br. - Ivory Coast, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Togo
  13. Culcasia linearifoliaBogner - Cameroon, Gabon
  14. Culcasia loukandensisPellegr - Cameroon, Gabon, Congo-Brazzaville, Zaïre, Central African Republic
  15. Culcasia mannii(Hook.f.) Engl. - Cameroon, Gabon, Congo-Brazzaville, Nigeria, Equatorial Guinea
  16. Culcasia obliquifoliaEngl. - Cameroon, Gabon
  17. Culcasia orientalisMayo - Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique, Zambia
  18. Culcasia panduriformisEngl. & K.Krause - Cameroon, Gabon
  19. Culcasia parvifloraN.E.Br. - western + central Africa from Liberia to Zaïre
  20. Culcasia rotundifoliaBogner - Gabon
  21. Culcasia sanagensisNtépé-Nyamè - Cameroon
  22. Culcasia scandensP.Beauv. - western + central Africa from Liberia to Angola
  23. Culcasia seretiiDe Wild - western + central Africa from Liberia to Zaïre
  24. Culcasia simiarumNtépé-Nyamè - western Africa from Ivory Coast to Cameroon
  25. Culcasia striolataEngl. - western + central Africa from Liberia to Congo-Brazzaville
  26. Culcasia tenuifoliaEngl. - western + central Africa from Liberia to Zaïre
  27. Culcasia yangambiensisLouis & Mullend. - Congo-Brazzaville, Zaïre

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References

  1. Master, M. T. (1869) On some points in morphology of the Malvales, together with a description of a new genus of Buetnerieae, Journal of the Linnean Society10: 18-30.
  2. Leal, M.E. (2007) A new endemic Scaphopetalum (Malvaceae) from Mount Mitra, Equatorial Guinea, Blumea52 : 137-138.

Bibliography