| Schaereria porpidioides | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Schaereriales |
| Family: | Schaereriaceae |
| Genus: | Schaereria |
| Species: | S. porpidioides |
| Binomial name | |
| Schaereria porpidioides Fryday & Common (2001) | |
Schaereria porpidioides is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Schaereriaceae. [1] It is found in the Falkland Islands.
The species was formally described as a new to science in 2001 by lichenologists Alan Fryday and Ralph Common. It is only known from several collections made by Henry Imshaug and Richard Harris in 1968. The type collection was made from Mount Adam at an altitude between 670 and 700 m (2,200 and 2,300 ft), where it was found growing on exposed siliceous rocks located in feldmark on a summit ridge. Associated lichens include Neuropogon fasciata , Pertusaria spegazzinii , Poeltidea perusta , and Rhizocarpon geographicum . [2] Rimularia andreaeicola was later identified as another common associate. [3] The species epithet porpidioides alludes to the taxon's physical appearance, resembling a species from the genus Porpidia , such as P. macrocarpa (the authors note, however, that no direct systematic affiliation with that genus is implied). [2]
The thallus is typically spread out and embedded, becoming noticeable between coarse sandstone grains as a creamy-white layer lacking a well-defined cortex . Occasionally, under microscopic observation, a few brown-pigmented cortical cells are discernible. The thallus generally spans substantial areas, up to 15–20 cm (6–8 in) in diameter. The thallus's internal structure, or medulla, shows a colour change to blue or red-purple when treated with iodine-potassium iodide (IKI). Accompanying the thallus are chlorococcoid photobionts, green microalgae with cell sizes ranging from 9 to 18 μm in diameter. The apothecia, or spore-bearing structures, are scattered, black or dark brown, and have a constricted base. They measure between 0.8 and 2.0 mm in diameter, and as they mature, they tend to become irregularly shaped. When wet, their disc can appear brown, and around them, a black protective layer can be observed. Other detailed microscopic features include the hymenium, which is clear and stands between 120 and 135 μm tall, asci that are cylindrical in shape, and ascospores that are broadly elliptical. The base structure, or hypothecium , consists of randomly oriented strands and transitions into a dark-brown layer. This complex structure is interspersed with large crystal groups, clearly visible under specialized lighting. Additionally, conidiomata , structures producing asexual spores, are black, not frequently found but usually present, and the conidia themselves are cylindrical in shape. [2]
Pseudephebe is a genus of fruticose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. It contains three species that grow on rocks.
Ameliella is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Lecanoraceae. Described in 2008, the genus contains two species, A. andreaeicola and A. grisea, that were collected from high elevations in the Scottish Highlands. The two species have also been found in single instances in British Columbia and Northern Norway. The generic name is derived from the Greek ameleo, meaning "neglected" or "overlooked"; it was originally intended to be Amelia, which is also the first name of the daughter of one of the authors, but this name had previously been used for another genus and was therefore ineligible for use according to the rules of mycological nomenclature. Ameliella appears to have some similarity with the lichen genus Miriquidica.
Hydropunctaria is a genus of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichens in the family Verrucariaceae. The genus includes both aquatic and amphibious species, with members that colonise either marine or freshwater habitats. The type species, Hydropunctaria maura, was formerly classified in the large genus Verrucaria. It is a widely distributed species common to littoral zones. Including the type species, five Hydropunctaria lichens are considered marine species: H. adriatica, H. amphibia, H. aractina, H. orae, and H. oceanica.
Schaereria is a genus of lichen-forming fungi. It is the sole genus in the family Schaereriaceae, which itself is the only family in the Schaereriales, an order in the subclass Ostropomycetidae of the class Lecanoromycetes. Most Schaereria species are crustose lichens that live on rocks. Schaereria was first proposed by Gustav Wilhelm Körber in 1855 and was later taken up by other lichenologists despite periods of disuse.
Xenonectriella nephromatis is a species of lichenicolous fungus in the family Nectriaceae. Found in Alaska, it was described as a species new to science in 2020 by Sergio Pérez-Ortega. The type specimen was discovered in the Hoonah–Angoon Census Area in Glacier Bay National Park, where it was growing on a Nephroma lichen. The specific epithet alludes to this host lichen.
Halecania athallina is a species of lichen in the family Leprocaulaceae. Found in Alaska, it was described as new to science in 2020 by British lichenologist Alan Fryday. The type specimen was discovered in Hoonah-Angoon Census Area in Glacier Bay National Park. There it was found growing on argillite rock on an alpine heath with rock outcrops.
Porpidia seakensis is a species of crustose lichen in the family Lecideaceae. It is an endolithic species, meaning it grows inside the rocks, between the grains. Found only in Alaska, it was formally described as a new species in 2020 by British lichenologist Alan Fryday. The type specimen was collected in the Hoonah-Angoon Census Area, in Glacier Bay National Park. Here it was discovered growing on granitic rock in a woodland. The lichen is only known from this area, although it is locally common. Its preferred habitat is siliceous rocks and boulders in wooded areas that are open and well lit. The specific epithet seakensis uses the letters "seak" to refer to a standard abbreviation for southeast Alaska.
Fuscidea muskeg is a species of crustose lichen in the family Fuscideaceae. Found in Alaska, it was described as a new species in 2020 by Tor Tønsberg and Martina Zahradníková. The type species was collected in the Hoonah-Angoon Census Area of Glacier Bay National Park. Here it was found growing on a branch of the tree Pinus contorta in muskeg. The specific epithet muskeg is an Algonquin word for a blanket bog.
Fuscopannaria dillmaniae is a species of lichen in the family Pannariaceae. Found in Alaska, it was described as a new species in 2020 by lichenologist Toby Spribille.
Spilonema maritimum is a species of lichen in the family Coccocarpiaceae. Found in Alaska, it was described as a new species in 2020 by lichenologists Toby Spribille and Alan Fryday. The type specimen was collected in Juneau Borough, on the west side of Douglas Island. Here it was found growing on exposed seashore rocks roughly 2 m (6.6 ft) above the high tide line. Its specific epithet maritimum alludes to its close association with maritime rocks.
Miriquidica gyrizans is a species of lichen-forming fungus in the family Lecanoraceae. It is found in Alaska and the Yukon, where it grows on granitic boulders.
Sagiolechia phaeospora is a species of crustose lichen in the family Sagiolechiaceae. It is found in the alpine tundra of Alaska.
Xenolecia cataractarum is a species of saxicolous and crustose lichen in the family Lecideaceae. It is only known to occur on Campbell Island, New Zealand.
Tephromela lignicola is a species of lignicolous (wood-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Tephromelataceae. It is found in the Falkland Islands, where it grows on fenceposts and similar timber.
Catillaria gilbertii is a rare species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Catillariaceae. It is found in the Central Highlands of Scotland.
Candelariella lichenicola is a rare species of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungus in the family Candelariaceae. This species was first found in Sonora, Mexico, and is characterised by its distinct spore shape and chemical composition. It is typically found growing on the lichen species Candelina submexicana, and while not widespread, it contributes to the ecological diversity of the regions it inhabits.
Opegrapha ramisorediata is a rare species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Opegraphaceae. Known to occur only in northeastern Brazil, it was described as a new species in 2017. It is characterised by a thin, pale greenish-mauve thallus.
Protothelenella is a genus of fungi in the family Protothelenellaceae. It contains 11 species, some of which form lichens. Protothelenella species have a crustose thallus with spherical to pear-shaped, dark brown to blackish perithecia. Microscopic characteristics of the genus include bitunicate asci with an amyloid tholus, and ascospores that are colourless and contain multiple internal partitions. Some species grow on acidic substrates including rocks, soil, bryophytes, plant detritus or rotten wood. Other species are lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling), growing on species of Solorina, Peltigera, Pseudocyphellaria, or Cladonia.
Aspiciliopsis is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Trapeliaceae. It has two species, both of which occur in the Southern Hemisphere.
Pseudephebe mariensis is a species of fruticose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is found on Mount Maria in the Falkland Islands, where it grows in grassland and Empetrum-heath. The lichen is found from elevations ranging from 500 to 650 m.