| Schistophoron muriforme | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Graphidales |
| Family: | Graphidaceae |
| Genus: | Schistophoron |
| Species: | S. muriforme |
| Binomial name | |
| Schistophoron muriforme | |
Schistophoron muriforme is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Graphidaceae, [1] first described in 2016. Found in Sri Lanka, it is characterised by its pale yellowish-white thallus and muriform ascospores .
Schistophoron muriforme was formally described by the lichenologists Gothamie Weerakoon and André Aptroot in 2016. The type specimen was collected in Morningside, Sri Lanka, on the bark of a tree in April 2015. [2]
Schistophoron muriforme is the only member of Schistophoron that has muriform ascospores and produces the substance psoromic acid. [3]
The thallus of Schistophoron muriforme is crustose , continuous, not corticate , dull, and pale yellowish-white, surrounded by a usually diffuse brown prothallus . The algal partner ( photobiont ) in this lichen is trentepohlioid . Ascomata are sessile, lirelliform or ellipsoidal or branched. They are about 0.3–0.5 mm wide, 0.3–0.4 mm high, and 0.7–1.5 mm long, and have a margin that is white and about 0.2 mm wide. The excipulum is pale brown, and the hypothecium is hyaline. The hamathecium is not inspersed and hyaline, with paraphysoids 2–2.5 μm wide, and the area above the hamathecium is completely filled with mazaedium . Ascospores are brown, muriform , 3–7 by 2–4-septate, spherical to ellipsoid, measuring 15–30 by 15–18 μm, with rounded lumina . Pycnidia were not observed to occur in this species. [2]
The reaction of the thallus of Schistophoron muriforme to standard chemical spot tests is UV−, C−, K−, KC−, and Pd+ (yellow). Thin-layer chromatography analysis detected psoromic acid. [2]
This species is found on trees in wet tropical mountain forests and is only known to occur in Sri Lanka. [2] [3]
Polymeridium is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Trypetheliaceae. Species in the genus are corticolous (bark-dwelling) and typically occur in tropical areas.
Cladonia mongkolsukii is a species of fruticose lichen in the family Cladoniaceae. Described as new to science in 2011, it is found in lower-elevation montane scrub forests of northeast Thailand and in Sri Lanka. The specific epithet honors Pachara Mongolsuk, a Thai lichenologist.
Leucodecton canescens is a species of lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Sri Lanka, it was formally described as a new species in 2014 by lichenologists Gothamie Weerakoon, Robert Lücking and Helge Thorsten Lumbsch. The type specimen was collected from the Maussakanda Tea Estate at an altitude of 1,074 m (3,524 ft). The lichen, which has been recorded from several locations in the Central Province, grows in semi-exposed, disturbed areas at high elevations. The specific epithet canescens refers to the grey-coloured cover of the thallus.
Leucodecton fuscomarginatum is a species of lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Sri Lanka, it was formally described as a new species in 2014 by lichenologists Gothamie Weerakoon, Robert Lücking and Helge Thorsten Lumbsch. The type specimen was collected from the Kikiliyamana Tea Estate at an altitude of 1,280 m (4,200 ft). The lichen, which is known to occur only at the type locality, grows in disturbed vegetation. The specific epithet fuscomarginatum refers to the rims of the ascomata pores, which are typically brown in colour. Leucodecton fuscomarginatum has a shiny, smooth, light greenish to yellowish brown thallus measuring 50–100 μm thick with a thin cortex. The ascospores are muriform, ellipsoid in shape, and measure 30–40 by 10–12 μm. Secondary chemicals present in the lichen include stictic acid, constictic acid, acetylconstictic acid, and hypostictic acid.
Ocellularia aptrootiana is a species of corticolous lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Sri Lanka, it was formally described as a new species in 2014 by lichenologists Gothamie Weerakoon, Robert Lücking, and Helge Thorsten Lumbsch. The type specimen was collected from Mahailluppallama at an altitude of 170 m (560 ft). Here, in a low-altitude, dry, semi-evergreen forest, it was found growing around a water tank. The specific epithet aptrootiana honours Dutch lichenologist André Aptroot, "for his important contributions to tropical lichenology and his help with the research by the first author". Ocellularia aptrootiana has a grey, smooth to uneven or cracked thallus up to convert 5 cm (2 in) in diameter. The ascospores are hyaline, ellipsoid in shape, contain seven septa, and measure 20–25 by 6–7 μm. Secondary chemicals present in the lichen include psoromic acid, subpsoromic acid, and 2’-O-demethylpsoromic acids.
Ocellularia cloonanii is a species of corticolous lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Sri Lanka, it was formally described as a new species in 2014 by lichenologists Gothamie Weerakoon, Robert Lücking, and Helge Thorsten Lumbsch. The type specimen was collected from a high-elevation montane forest in the Fishing Hut Tea Estate at an altitude of 1,870 m (6,140 ft). The lichen is only known to occur at the type locality in the Horton Plains. The specific epithet cloonanii honours Colman Patrick Cloonan, "for his immense help in carrying out the research studies". Ocellularia cloonanii has an olive-grey thallus up to 5 cm (2 in) in diameter, with continuous but uneven surface. Its ascospores are hyaline, ellipsoid in shape, contain seven to nine septa, and measure 35–40 by 7–10 μm. Secondary chemicals present in the lichen include psoromic acid, subpsoromic acid, and 2’-O-demethylpsoromic acid.
Rhabdodiscus isidiatus is a species of corticolous lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Sri Lanka, it was formally described as a new species in 2014 by lichenologists Gothamie Weerakoon, Robert Lücking, and Helge Thorsten Lumbsch. The type specimen was collected from the Elkaduwa Plantation in Matale at an altitude of 915 m (3,002 ft). The lichen is only known to occur at the type locality, which is a patch of mid-elevation, disturbed montane forest. The specific epithet isidiatus refers to the presence of isidia on the thallus. Rhabdodiscus isidiatus has a cream-colored to white, smooth to uneven thallus up to 5 cm (2 in) in diameter. The ascomata are rounded and prominent, measuring 0.7–1.0 mm in diameter with a 0.3–0.5 mm wide pore and a light brown rim. Its ascospores are hyaline, ellipsoid in shape, contain three thick septa, and measure 12–15 by 5–6 μm. Secondary chemicals present in the lichen include psoromic acid, subpsoromic acid, and 2'-O-demethylpsoromic acid.
Astrothelium colombiense is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. Found in Colombia, it was formally described as a new species in 2016 by Dutch lichenologist André Aptroot. The type specimen was collected from the Estacion Forestal La Espriella at an altitude of 35 m (115 ft). The lichen has shiny, pale ochraceous green thallus with a smooth to somewhat roughened texture. It has a cortex but lacks a prothallus. There is only a single ascospore in each ascus; this is a rarity in genus Astrothelium. The spores are hyaline, ellipsoid in shape, and muriform ; they measure 240–300 by 45–50 µm. No lichen products were detected in this species. The specific epithet refers to the country of the type locality.
Astrothelium flavomaculatum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. Found in Guyana, Venezuela, and Ecuador, it was formally described as a new species in 2016 by Dutch lichenologist André Aptroot. The type specimen was collected by the author from the Cordillera del Cóndor at an altitude of 1,200 m (3,900 ft). The lichen has a shiny, smooth to somewhat bullate thallus that covers an area of up to 4 cm (1.6 in) in diameter. It is green with a thin orange pruina. Its ascospores are hyaline, ellipsoid in shape, and muriform, with dimensions of 50–75 by 12–25 µm. It is somewhat similar in appearance to Astrothelium graphicum , but that species has somewhat smaller ascospores with lengths up to 66 µm.
Astrothelium inspersogalbineum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. Found in Singapore, it was formally described as a new species in 2016 by lichenologists André Aptroot and Gothamie Weerakoon. The type specimen was collected by the second author in a rainforest, where it was found growing on smooth bark. The lichen has a smooth and somewhat shiny, pale greenish-grey thallus with a cortex and a thin black prothallus line. It covers areas of up to 3 cm (1.2 in) in diameter, and does not induce gall formation in its host plant. A yellow to orange anthraquinone was the only lichen product detected in the collected specimens using thin-layer chromatography. A. inspersogalbineum also contains the compound lichexanthone, which causes the thallus to fluoresce yellow when lit with a long-wavelength UV light. The main characteristics of the lichen distinguishing it from others in Astrothelium are its inspersedhamathecium; its ascospores, with dimensions of 20–25 by 9–11 μm; and the grouping of its ascomata, which can fuse together to become irregularly confluent.
Astrothelium philippinense is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. Found in the Philippines, it was formally described as a new species in 2016 by lichenologists André Aptroot and Felix Schumm. The type specimen was collected from Mount Talinis at an altitude between 1,100 and 1,600 m ; there, it was found in a rainforest growing on smooth tree bark. The lichen has a smooth and shiny, pale ochraceous-green thallus with a cortex and a thin brown to black prothallus line. It covers areas of up to 7 cm (2.8 in) in diameter. The presence of the lichen induces galls in the host plant, leading to the formation of numerous wart-like structures about 1–2 mm wide. No lichen products were detected in collected samples of the lichen using thin-layer chromatography. The combination of characteristics of the lichen that distinguish it from others in Astrothelium are the bullate, gall-like thallus; and the ascomata that are immersed in large thallus verrucae that are covered by thallus. The ascospores of A. philippinense number four per ascus. They are hyaline, ellipsoid, and muriform, with dimensions of 125–170 by 30–35 μm.
Phlyctis monosperma is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Phlyctidaceae. It is characterised by its greyish-white, loose, granular thallus, single-spored asci, and distinctive chemical substances. The lichen is found in the subtropical evergreen forests of the Eastern Himalayas and Western Ghats of India, where it grows on rough tree bark in close association with plant-dwelling bryophytes at elevations above 2,000 m (6,600 ft). It also occurs in Sri Lanka.
Astrothelium flavomegaspermum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Panama, it was formally described as a new species in 2017 by lichenologists André Aptroot and Javier Angel Etayo Salazar. The thallus of the lichen has a yellowish tinge and an irregular surface texture.
Astrothelium conjugatum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae, first described in 2016. It is known to occur in Sri Lanka.
Lecanactis minutissima is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Roccellaceae. Found in Sri Lanka, the lichen is characterised by its pale ochraceous thallus and sessile apothecia with dark brown discs, covered with thick white granular pruina.
Megalotremis cylindrica is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), lichen in the family Monoblastiaceae. It was described as a new species in 2016 based on a specimen collected from the Sinharaja Forest Reserve in Sri Lanka. The species is characterized by its unique pycnidia and absence of ascomata.
Allographa hypostictica is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Graphidaceae, Found in Brazil, it was described as a new species in 2018. Its thallus contains hypostictic acid and its distinctive apothecia and ascospores.
Pyrenula multicolorata is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Pyrenulaceae, first described in 2016. It is distinguished by its almost superficial ascomata with a hamathecium inspersed with orange crystals, and ascospores that contain three internal partitions (septa).
Porina monilisidiata is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Trichotheliaceae, first described in 2016. This species is characterised by its shiny, olive-green thallus with numerous isidia and low conical ascomata.
Porina microtriseptata is a species of corticolous, crustose lichen in the family Trichotheliaceae, first described in 2016. This species is distinguished by its shiny, olive-green thallus and hemispherical ascomata with pointed ascospores that are consistently hyaline, fusiform, and have three internal partitions (septa).