Selenastraceae

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Selenastraceae
Ankistrodesmus spiralis 245883620.jpg
Ankistrodesmus spiralis
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
(unranked): Viridiplantae
Division: Chlorophyta
Class: Chlorophyceae
Order: Sphaeropleales
Family: Selenastraceae
Blackman & Tansley
Genera [1]

Selenastraceae is a family of green algae in the order Sphaeropleales. [2] Members of this family are common components of the phytoplankton in freshwater habitats worldwide. A few species have been found in brackish and marine habitats, such as in the Baltic Sea. [3]

Contents

Description

The family Selenastraceae includes solitary cells or colonies of cells. Cells are diverse in morphology; they may be coccoid to spindle-shaped in shape, with rounded or pointed ends. They may be sickle-shaped or spirally curved. Cells contain a chloroplast with a pyrenoid. Except in the genus Chlorolobion , the pyrenoid lacks a starch covering, making it difficult to observe using light microscopy. [3] Cells range in size from 5 to 105 μm in length and 1.5 to 6.5 μm in width. [4]

Algae in this family reproduce asexually, exclusively by autospores. A distinguishing characteristic of this family is the method of autospore formation: the protoplast divides serially, with divisions being perpendicular to the longer axis of the cell. Once divided, the daughter cells realign to become parallel with the daughter cell, and are then released. [5]

Taxonomy

Selenastraceae is monophyletic. [6] Traditionally, genera and species have been defined based on morphological features, such as habit (solitary or colonial), cell shape, presence or absence of mucilage, and presence and absence of pyrenoids. However, both genera and species have been shown to be polyphyletic. [6]

The genus Closteriopsis consists of narrow, sickle-shaped cells with one chloroplast and multiple pyrenoids. It has been placed in the Selenastraceae due to its morphological similarity to genera such as Monoraphidium, but genetic analyses have shown that it is unrelated. It is currently placed in the family Chlorellaceae. [7]

Uses

Some varieties of Selenastraceae, mainly from Monoraphidium and Ankistrodesmus, are promising candidates for biodiesel production. These strains produce large amounts of lipids under optimal growth conditions. Some strains may also be suitable for cultivation in wastewater, which would cut production costs. [4]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chlorophyceae</span> Class of green algae

The Chlorophyceae are one of the classes of green algae, distinguished mainly on the basis of ultrastructural morphology. They are usually green due to the dominance of pigments chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b. The chloroplast may be discoid, plate-like, reticulate, cup-shaped, spiral- or ribbon-shaped in different species. Most of the members have one or more storage bodies called pyrenoids located in the chloroplast. Pyrenoids contain protein besides starch. Some green algae may store food in the form of oil droplets. They usually have a cell wall made up of an inner layer of cellulose and outer layer of pectose.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sphaeropleales</span> Order of algae

Sphaeropleales is an order of green algae that used to be called Chlorococcales. The order includes some of the most common freshwater planktonic algae such as Scenedesmus and Pediastrum. The Spaeropleales includes vegetatively non-motile unicellular or colonial taxa that have biflagellate zoospores with flagella that are directly opposed in direction : Sphaeroplea, Atractomorpha, Neochloris, Hydrodictyon, and Pediastrum. All of these taxa have basal body core connections.

Neochloridaceae is a family of green algae in the order Sphaeropleales.

<i>Ankistrodesmus</i> Genus of algae

Ankistrodesmus is a genus of green algae in the family Selenastraceae. It is one of the most common types of phytoplankton in freshwater habitats around the world.

Ankyra is a genus of green algae in the family Characiaceae. This genus of algae is closely related to Atractomorpha and Sphaeroplea.

Dictyochloris is a genus of green algae in the class Chlorophyceae. It is the sole genus of the family Dictyochloridaceae. It is commonly found in terrestrial and subaerial habitats.

Dictyochloropsis is a genus of unicellular green alga of the phylum Chlorophyta. This genus consists of free-living algae which have a reticulate (net-like) chloroplast that varies slightly in morphology between species, and that when mature always lacks a pyrenoid. Dictyochloropsis is asexual and reproduces using autospores.

<i>Golenkinia</i> Genus of algae

Golenkinia is a genus of green algae first described in 1894 by Robert Chodat. The genus is named for the Russian phycologist Mikhail Iljitsch Golenkin. Golenkinia species live in fresh water and are found around the world.

<i>Monactinus</i> Genus of algae

Monactinus is a genus of green algae in the family Hydrodictyaceae. It is very common in freshwater regions throughout the world.

<i>Monoraphidium</i> Genus of algae

Monoraphidium is a genus of green algae in the family Selenastraceae. Monoraphidium is found free-floating or attached to surfaces in water, or in soils. It is one of the most common types of phytoplankton in freshwater habitats, and has a cosmopolitan distribution.

<i>Parapediastrum</i> Genus of algae

Parapediastrum is a genus of green algae in the family Hydrodictyaceae. It is fairly common in freshwater regions throughout the world.

Podohedriella is a genus of green algae in the family Selenastraceae. It is found in freshwater habitats or on damp wood.

Pseudomuriella is a genus of green algae, specifically of the class Chlorophyceae. It is the sole genus of the family Pseudomuriellaceae. It is a terrestrial alga that inhabits soils.

<i>Pseudopediastrum</i> Genus of algae

Pseudopediastrum is a genus of green algae in the family Hydrodictyaceae. It is very common in freshwater regions throughout the world.

Raphidocelis is a genus of green algae in the family Selenastraceae. They are found in freshwater habitats.

Selenastrum is a genus of green algae in the family Selenastraceae. It is common in freshwater habitats around the world. Most species prefer temperate or warm-temperate waters.

<i>Stauridium</i> Genus of algae

Stauridium is a genus of green algae in the family Hydrodictyaceae. It is very common in freshwater regions throughout the world.

<i>Tetraedron</i> Genus of algae

Tetraedron is a genus of green algae in the family Hydrodictyaceae. It may also be spelled as Tetraëdron.

Bracteamorpha is a genus of green algae in the order Sphaeropleales, and is the only genus in the family Bracteamorphaceae. It contains a single species, Bracteamorpha trainorii.

Chlorolobion, sometimes spelled Chlorolobium, is a genus of algae belonging to the family Selenastraceae. The species of this genus are found in freshwater habitats in Europe and America.

References

  1. ↑ Guiry, M.D.; Guiry, G.M. "Selenastraceae". AlgaeBase . World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. Retrieved 2023-06-02.
  2. ↑ See the NCBI webpage on Selenastraceae. Data extracted from the "NCBI taxonomy resources". National Center for Biotechnology Information . Retrieved 2007-03-19.
  3. 1 2 Garcia Da Silva, Thaís; Bock, Christina; Sant'Anna, Célia Leite; Bagatini, Inessa Lacativa; Wodniok, Sabina; Vieira, Armando Augusto Henriques (2017). "Selenastraceae (Sphaeropleales, Chlorophyceae): rbcL, 18S rDNA and ITS-2 secondary structure enlightens traditional taxonomy, with description of two new genera, Messastrum gen. nov. and Curvastrum gen. nov". Fottea. 17: 1–19. doi: 10.5507/fot.2016.010 .
  4. 1 2 Yee, Willy (2016). "Microalgae from the Selenastraceae as emerging candidates for biodiesel production: A mini review". World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. 32 (4): 64. doi:10.1007/s11274-016-2023-6. PMID   26931604. S2CID   255143072.
  5. ↑ Krienitz, Lothar; Ustinova, Iana; Friedl, Thomas; Huss, Volker A. R. (2001). "Traditional generic concepts versus 18S rRNA gene phylogeny in the green algal family Selenastraceae (Chlorophyceae, Chlorophyta)". Journal of Phycology. 37 (5): 852–865. doi: 10.1046/j.1529-8817.2001.01004.x . S2CID   84625065.
  6. 1 2 Fawley, Marvin W.; Dean, Michelle L.; Dimmer, Stephanie K.; Fawley, Karen P. (2006). "Evaluating the Morphospecies Concept in the Selenastraceae (Chlorophyceae, Chlorophyta)". Journal of Phycology. 42: 142–154. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.2006.00169.x. S2CID   53318143.
  7. ↑ Ustinova, Iana; Krientiz, Lothar; Huss, Volker A. R. (2001). "Closteriopsis acicularis (G. M. Smith) Belcheret et Swale is a fusiform alga closely related to Chlorella kessleri Fott et Nováková (Chlorophyta, Trebouxiophyceae)". European Journal of Phycology. 36 (4): 341–351. doi:10.1080/09670260110001735488. S2CID   86130034.
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