Sensitivity reader

Last updated

A sensitivity reader is someone who reads a literary work, looking for perceived offensive content, stereotypes and bias, creating a report for an author or publisher with suggested changes. [1] [2] The use of sensitivity readers has attracted criticism from some authors and members of the public, particularly with respect to edits to re-editions of previously published works of literature.

Contents

Purpose

Proponents state "the literary quality of a work is substantially improved" when reviewed and copy-edited by others from "a specific Nation or community that the author is writing about". [1] Helen Wicks, managing director for children's trade at Bonnier, defended the practice by stating that "we believe sensitivity reads can play an important role in inclusive, forward-thinking publishing." [3]

Beginnings in US young adult fiction

From 2015, partly in response to the movement for diversity in young adult fiction, sensitivity readings became popular and influential especially in Young Adult Fiction. [4] [5] Cases where sensitivity readers were brought in after pre-publication controversy included those of Laura Moriarty, whose book American Heart had its prestigious Kirkus Reviews star removed prior to publication in 2017, [6] and Blood Heir by Amélie Wen Zhao. [7] Kosoko Jackson, a sensitivity reader himself, withdrew his own novel A Place for Wolves over sensitivity concerns in 2019. [8]

Controversies in fiction and non-fiction

Following the controversy over the book American Dirt in 2020, debate over the use of sensitivity readers intensified including in the UK. [9] Lionel Shriver [10] accused sensitivity readers of being censorious, of being "new moral gatekeepers" or of offering a way to "cancel-proof your book". [11] [12] Writer Anthony Horowitz [13] wrote about his 'clash' with 'very sensitive' sensitivity readers.

In non-fiction, Kate Clanchy broke with her publisher Picador after controversy surrounding her memoir. In 2022 Clanchy wrote an essay expressing her concerns that her sensitivity readers seemed 'to concur that the past should match an idealised present', and to imply that writing, 'should represent the world as it ought to be, not as it is.' Further, Clanchy stated that the readers did not recognise irony and satire and wished 'to eliminate journeys of thought across chapters, ambiguity from paragraphs, and nuance from sentences'. [14] Clanchy's essay together with others has continued to be discussed internationally in the following years. [15] [16] [17] [18]

Revisions of previously published works

In addition to new works, publishers have also used sensitivity readers to flag content perceived as offensive in previously published works, such as outdated attitudes towards race or gender. Prominent authors subject to such edits include Agatha Christie, [19] [20] [21] PG Wodehouse, [22] Ian Fleming and Roald Dahl.

Ian Fleming

In 2023, Ian Fleming's James Bond series was re-published with a number of racial slurs and references removed. [23] A disclaimer in each book stated, "This book was written at a time when terms and attitudes which might be considered offensive by modern readers were commonplace. A number of updates have been made in this edition, while keeping as close as possible to the original text and the period in which it is set." [24] [23] Charlie Higson, actor, comedian and author of the first five Young Bond novels, defended the alterations, saying that sensitivity reading is "nothing new". [25]

Roald Dahl

New editions of Roald Dahl's children's novels published by Puffin Books, a division of Penguin Books, changed some of Dahl's language [26] in line with recommendations by sensitivity readers. [27] The decision was met with criticism from groups and public figures including the CEO of PEN America, Salman Rushdie, Brian Cox, Rishi Sunak, and Kemi Badenoch. [28] [29] [30] Consequently, Puffin announced that it would also continue to sell the original, unaltered editions of Roald Dahl's children's novels, under the title The Roald Dahl Classic Collection. [31] [32]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Agatha Christie</span> English mystery and detective writer (1890–1976)

Dame Agatha Mary Clarissa Christie, Lady Mallowan, was a British author known for her 66 detective novels and 14 short story collections, particularly those revolving around fictional detectives Hercule Poirot and Miss Marple. She also wrote the world's longest-running play, the murder mystery The Mousetrap, which has been performed in the West End of London since 1952. A writer during the "Golden Age of Detective Fiction", Christie has been called the "Queen of Crime"—a moniker which is now trademarked by her estate—or the "Queen of Mystery". She also wrote six novels under the pseudonym Mary Westmacott. In 1971, she was made a Dame (DBE) by Queen Elizabeth II for her contributions to literature. Guinness World Records lists Christie as the best-selling fiction writer of all time, her novels having sold more than two billion copies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Roald Dahl</span> British writer and poet (1916–1990)

Roald Dahl was a British author of popular children's literature and short stories, a poet, screenwriter and a wartime fighter ace. His books have sold more than 300 million copies worldwide. He has been called "one of the greatest storytellers for children of the 20th century".

<i>Charlie and the Chocolate Factory</i> 1964 childrens novel by Roald Dahl

Charlie and the Chocolate Factory is a 1964 children's novel by British author Roald Dahl. The story features the adventures of young Charlie Bucket inside the chocolate factory of eccentric chocolatier Willy Wonka.

Sophie Dahl is an English author and former fashion model. Her first novel, The Man with the Dancing Eyes, was published in 2003 followed by Playing With the Grown-ups in 2007. In 2009, she wrote Miss Dahl's Voluptuous Delights, a cookery book which formed the basis for a six-part BBC Two series named The Delicious Miss Dahl. In 2011, she published her second cookery book From Season to Season. Her first children's book, Madame Badobedah, was released in 2019. She is the daughter of Tessa Dahl and Julian Holloway and the granddaughter of author Roald Dahl, actress Patricia Neal, and actor Stanley Holloway.

<i>The BFG</i> 1982 childrens novel by Roald Dahl

The BFG is a 1982 children's novel by British author Roald Dahl. It is an expansion of a short story from Dahl's 1975 novel Danny, the Champion of the World. The book is dedicated to Dahl's oldest daughter, Olivia, who had died of measles encephalitis at the age of seven in 1962.

<i>Matilda</i> (novel) 1988 childrens novel by Roald Dahl

Matilda is a 1988 children's novel by British author Roald Dahl. It was published by Jonathan Cape. The story features Matilda Wormwood, a precocious child with an uncaring mother and father, and her time in a school run by the tyrannical headmistress Miss Trunchbull.

<i>The Witches</i> (novel) 1983 childrens book by Roald Dahl

The Witches is a 1983 children's novel by British author Roald Dahl. A dark fantasy, the story is set partly in Norway and partly in England, and features the experiences of a young English boy and his Norwegian grandmother in a world where child-hating societies of witches secretly exist in every country. The witches are ruled by the vicious and powerful Grand High Witch, who arrives in England to organise her plan to turn all of the children there into mice.

<i>James and the Giant Peach</i> 1961 childrens novel by Roald Dahl

James and the Giant Peach is a children's novel written in 1961 by British author Roald Dahl. The first edition, published by Alfred Knopf, featured illustrations by Nancy Ekholm Burkert. There have been re-illustrated versions of it over the years, done by Michael Simeon, Emma Chichester Clark, Lane Smith and Quentin Blake. It was adapted into a film of the same name in 1996 which was directed by Henry Selick, and a musical in 2010.

<i>The Twits</i> 1980 childrens novel by Roald Dahl

The Twits is a 1980 children's novel by British author Roald Dahl. It was first published by Jonathan Cape. The story features The Twits, a spiteful, idle, unkempt couple who continuously play nasty practical jokes on each other to amuse themselves, and exercise their devious wickedness on their pet monkeys.

<i>Georges Marvellous Medicine</i> 1981 childrens book written by Roald Dahl

George's Marvellous Medicine is a children's novel written by Roald Dahl and illustrated by Quentin Blake. First published by Jonathan Cape in 1981, it features George Kranky, an eight-year-old boy who concocts his own miracle elixir to replace his tyrannical grandmother's regular prescription medicine.

<i>Esio Trot</i> 1990 childrens novel by Roald Dahl

Esio Trot is a 1990 children's novel by British author Roald Dahl. The title is an anadrome of "tortoise". It was the last of Dahl's books to be published in his lifetime; he died just two months later.

Puffin Books is a longstanding children's imprint of the British publishers Penguin Books. Since the 1960s, it has been among the largest publishers of children's books in the UK and much of the English-speaking world. The imprint now belongs to Penguin Random House, a subsidiary of the German media conglomerate Bertelsmann.

<i>The Enormous Crocodile</i> 1978 picture book by Roald Dahl

The Enormous Crocodile is a British children's story, written by British author Roald Dahl and illustrated by Quentin Blake. A picture book written for younger readers than Dahl's other works, the story tells of a hungry crocodile who aims to eat human children via using various, not-quite-impenetrable disguises.

<i>Fantastic Mr Fox</i> 1970 childrens novel by Roald Dahl

Fantastic Mr Fox is a children's novel written by British author Roald Dahl. It was published in 1970, by George Allen & Unwin in the UK and Alfred A. Knopf in the U.S., with illustrations by Donald Chaffin. The first Puffin paperback, first issued in 1974, featured illustrations by Jill Bennett. Later editions have featured illustrations by Tony Ross (1988) and Quentin Blake (1996). The story is about Mr Fox and how he outwits his farmer neighbours to steal their food from right under their noses.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Expurgation</span> Form of censorship of artistic or other media works

An expurgation of a work, also known as a bowdlerization, fig-leaf edition or censorship by political correctness is a form of censorship that involves purging anything deemed noxious or offensive from an artistic work or other type of writing or media.

Kate Clanchy MBE is a British poet, freelance writer and teacher.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">April Henry</span> American author (born 1959)

April Henry is an American New York Times bestselling author of mysteries, thrillers, and young adult novels.

<i>Charlie and the Chocolate Factory</i> (franchise) Fantasy media franchise created by Roald Dahl

Charlie and the Chocolate Factory is a media franchise based on the 1964 novel of the same name by British author Roald Dahl. It includes two novels, three live-action theatrical films, three video games and miscellaneous other properties, such as touring musicals and theatrical adaptations, various merchandise and defunct amusement park ride.

<i>Matilda the Musical</i> (film) 2022 film by Matthew Warchus

Roald Dahl's Matilda the Musical, or simply Matilda the Musical, or Matilda, is a 2022 fantasy musical film directed by Matthew Warchus from a screenplay by Dennis Kelly, based on the stage musical of the same name by Tim Minchin and Kelly, which in turn was based on the 1988 novel Matilda by Roald Dahl. The second film adaptation of the novel, following Matilda (1996), it stars Alisha Weir as the title character, alongside Lashana Lynch, Stephen Graham, Andrea Riseborough, Sindhu Vee, and Emma Thompson. In the plot, Matilda Wormwood (Weir), neglected and mistreated by her parents, develops psychokinetic abilities to deal with the injustices of life, as well as Miss Trunchbull (Thompson), the ruthless and cruel headmistress of Crunchem Hall School.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Roald Dahl revision controversy</span> Controversy over books by Roald Dahl

Puffin Books, the children's imprint of the British publisher Penguin Books, expurgated various works by British author Roald Dahl in 2023, sparking controversy.

References

  1. 1 2 "Writing, Editing, and Publishing Indigenous Stories". Edmonton, Alberta, Canada: University of Alberta. 13 January 2022. Archived from the original on 19 February 2022. Retrieved 19 February 2023.
  2. ↑ Hucal, Sarah (23 February 2023). "Roald Dahl's works and the role of sensitivity readers". DW News . Berlin, Germany: Deutsche Welle. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2023. In short, sensitivity readers are hired by publishing houses to read for offensive content, misrepresentation, stereotypes, bias and lack of understanding of minority groups.
  3. ↑ "Publishers defend sensitivity readers as vital tool following author criticism" . The Bookseller . London, England: The Stage Media Company. 20 June 2022. ISSN   0006-7539. Archived from the original on 27 June 2022. Retrieved 19 February 2023.
  4. ↑ Alter, Alexandra (24 December 2017). "In an Era of Online Outrage, Do Sensitivity Readers Result in Better Books, or Censorship?". The New York Times. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
  5. ↑ Benedictus, Leo (15 June 2019). "Torn apart: the vicious war over young adult books". The Guardian. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
  6. ↑ Heller, Nathan (23 October 2017). "Kirkus Reviews and the Plight of the "Problematic" Book Review". The New Yorker. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
  7. ↑ Alter, Alexandra (29 April 2019). "She Pulled Her Debut Book When Critics Found It Racist. Now She Plans to Publish". The New York Times. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
  8. ↑ Senior, Jennifer (8 March 2019). "Opinion | Teen Fiction and the Perils of Cancel Culture". The New York Times. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
  9. ↑ Urwin, Rosamund (28 December 2023). "Is the rise of sensitivity readers progress or censorship?" . Retrieved 28 December 2023.
  10. ↑ Shriver, Lionel (February 2023). "What if 'sensitivity readers' came for my novels?". www.spiked-online.com. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
  11. ↑ Dubno, Zoe (10 July 2021). "The rise of the 'sensitivity reader'" . The Spectator . London, England: Press Holdings. ISSN   0038-6952. OCLC   1766325. Archived from the original on 16 February 2023. Retrieved 19 February 2023.
  12. ↑ Rosenfield, Kat (August 2022). "Sensitivity Readers Are the New Literary Gatekeepers". Reason . No. August/September 2022. Los Angeles, California, USA: Reason Foundation. OCLC   818916200. Archived from the original on 22 February 2023. Retrieved 19 February 2023.
  13. ↑ Horowitz, Anthony (1 February 2023). "My clash with 'sensitivity readers'". The Spectator. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
  14. ↑ Clanchy, Kate (18 February 2022). "How sensitivity readers corrupt literature". UnHerd. Retrieved 30 December 2022.
  15. ↑ Abrams, Rebecca (25 March 2022). "Sense and sensitivity: why books need to unsettle us". Financial Times. Financial Times. Retrieved 23 November 2023.
  16. ↑ Adorney, Jonathon (17 November 2023). "Is Disney's new movie Wish a 'woke' disaster?". Restoring America. Washington Examiner.
  17. ↑ Vegard Hagesæther, Per (23 April 2023). "Publishing's Maligned Helpers". www.aftenposten.no (in Norwegian Bokmål). AftenP{osten. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
  18. ↑ Goldszal, Clémentine (29 January 2023). "The rise of sensitivity readers in the literary world: A sign of inclusivity or a threat to free speech?". Le Monde.fr. Le Monde.
  19. ↑ Simpson, Craig (25 March 2023). "Agatha Christie classics latest to be rewritten for modern sensitivities" . The Daily Telegraph . London, England. ISSN   0307-1235. OCLC   49632006. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
  20. ↑ Nugent, Annabel (26 March 2023). "Agatha Christie books, including Poirot and Miss Marple mysteries, to be rewritten for modern sensitivities". The Independent . Longon, England. ISSN   1741-9743. OCLC   185201487. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
  21. ↑ Hall, Rachel (26 March 2023). "Agatha Christie novels reworked to remove potentially offensive language". The Guardian . London, England. ISSN   1756-3224. OCLC   60623878. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
  22. ↑ Simpson, Craig (15 April 2023). "Jeeves and Wooster stories censored to avoid offending modern readers". The Telegraph. Retrieved 16 April 2023.
  23. 1 2 Simpson, Craig (25 February 2023). "James Bond books edited to remove racist references" . The Daily Telegraph . London, England. ISSN   0307-1235. OCLC   49632006. Archived from the original on 28 February 2023. Retrieved 27 February 2023. Ian Fleming Publications Ltd, the company that owns the literary rights to the author's work, commissioned a review by sensitivity readers of the classic texts under its control.
  24. ↑ Haring, Bruce (26 February 2023). "James Bond Books Edited To Avoid Offense To Modern Audiences – Report". Deadline . USA: Penske Media Corporation. Archived from the original on 28 February 2023. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
  25. ↑ Knight, Lucy (15 March 2023). "Sensitivity readers: what publishing's most polarising role is really about". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved 26 February 2024.
  26. ↑ Kirka, Danica (19 February 2023). "Critics reject changes to Roald Dahl books as censorship". AP NEWS. Retrieved 16 April 2023.
  27. ↑ Ellery, Ben (25 February 2023). "Inside the group of 'inclusion ambassadors' behind Roald Dahl edits". The Times . London, England. ISSN   0140-0460. Archived from the original on 4 March 2023. Retrieved 3 March 2023.
  28. ↑ Dellatto, Marisa (20 February 2023). "Roald Dahl Books Get New Edits—And Critics Cry Censorship: The Controversy Surrounding 'Charlie And The Chocolate Factory' And More" . Forbes . Jersey City, New Jersey, USA. ISSN   0015-6914. Archived from the original on 28 February 2023. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
  29. ↑ Zymeri, Jeff (21 February 2023). "Salman Rushdie Blasts 'Absurd' Censorship of Roald Dahl". National Review . New York City, NY, USA: National Review, Inc. ISSN   0028-0038. Archived from the original on 21 February 2023. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
  30. ↑ Honeycombe-Foster, Matt; Blanchard, Jack (21 February 2023). "UK's Badenoch slams 'problematic' rewrites of classic Roald Dahl books". Politico . Arlington County, Virginia, USA: Axel Springer SE. Archived from the original on 28 February 2023. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
  31. ↑ Abramovitch, Seth (24 February 2023). "Roald Dahl Publisher Bends to Controversy, Will Release "Classic" Version of Controversial Kids' Books". The Hollywood Reporter . Los Angeles, California, USA: Eldridge Industries. ISSN   0018-3660. Archived from the original on 28 February 2023. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
  32. ↑ "Roald Dahl rewrites: edited language in books criticised as 'absurd censorship'". The Guardian . London, England. Associated Press. 19 February 2023. ISSN   1756-3224. OCLC   60623878. Archived from the original on 28 February 2023. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.