Sepiadarium austrinum

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Sepiadarium austrinum
Sepiadarium austrinum.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Cephalopoda
Order: Sepiida
Family: Sepiadariidae
Genus: Sepiadarium
Species:
S. austrinum
Binomial name
Sepiadarium austrinum
Berry, 1921

Sepiadarium austrinum, the southern bottletail squid, [1] [2] is a species of cuttlefish [3] in the genus Sepiadarium. [4] It was first described by S. Stillman Berry in 1921 [3] based on a specimen found in St. Vincent Bay in South Australia. [5]

Contents

Description

S. austrinum is very small and round, with kidney-shaped fins on the back third of its body. [6] It has a mantle length of up to three centimeters [3] and a total length of up to four centimeters. [2] It can be transparent, yellow, or orange, with egg-shaped white leucophores. [3] S. austrinum has ten arms and tentacles [6] with nine or ten rows of suckers on each arm. [3]

Distribution

S. austrinum is found in the southern Indo-Pacific [3] in southern Australia, [6] with a small population in the Spencer Gulf. [2] They are mostly found in sandy habitats in shallow, [6] sheltered waters [2] at depths up to 65 meters. [6]

Behavior

S. austrinum buries itself in the sand during the day and feeds at night. [6] It is able to produce slime [3] when threatened. [1]

Diet

S. austrinum is carnivorous. [7] It feeds in the sand and near seagrass beds. [6] Its diet is mostly composed of small fish and crustaceans, including amphipods [3] and especially benthic isopods. [2]

Reproduction

S. austrinum reproduce from a young age; [3] immature females can also store sperm. [2] Individuals mate with multiple partners. Mating is initiated by males and there is no observed courtship behavior. [8] Males pass sperm packages to the female, who stores them in a pouch below her mouth. Males can also use a special arm to remove the sperm of other males from the pouch. [2] Females can also remove sperm from the pouch, [8] and regularly consume spermatophores. [9] They fertilize eggs by passing them over the pouch. [8] Clumps of eggs [6] are covered in sand and attached to seaweed or seagrass. [3]

Life cycle

S. austrinum is an annual species. [8] Juveniles settle quickly after hatching. [3]

Relationship to humans

S. austrinum survives well in aquariums, which may make them of commercial interest. [3] They may bite when handled. [7]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sepiadariidae</span> Family of cuttlefishes

Sepiadariidae is a family of coleoid cephalopods in the order Sepiida.

<i>Idiosepius</i> Genus of molluscs

Idiosepius is a genus of squids in the family Idiosepiidae. They are small, reaching mantle lengths of no more than about 21 mm (0.8 in); members of this genus represent no interest to commercial fisheries. They occur in tropical and temperate waters throughout the Indo-Pacific, primarily in association with seagrass and mangrove roots.

<i>Euprymna tasmanica</i> Species of mollusc

Euprymna tasmanica, also known as the southern dumpling squid or southern bobtail squid, is a bobtail squid that lives in the shallow temperate coastal waters of southern Australia's continental shelf. It lives for between 5 and 8 months and the adults can grow up to 6 or 7 cm long with a mantle length of 3 to 4 cm. They are found in seagrass beds or areas with soft silty or muddy bottoms from Brisbane on the east coast to Shark Bay on the west, as well as around Tasmania. Southern dumpling squid are nocturnal and during the day hide in sand or mud covered in a mucus-lined coat of sediment. If disturbed acid glans can quickly remove this coat as an additional decoy to ink squirting.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Caribbean reef squid</span> Species of squid

The Caribbean reef squid, commonly called the reef squid, is a species of small, torpedo-shaped squid with undulating fins that extend nearly the entire length of the body, approximately 20 cm in length. They are most commonly found in the Caribbean Sea in small schools. As part of the Cephalopod class of Molluscs, these organisms exhibit specific characteristics to help them in their environment, such as tentacles for movement and feeding and color pigments that reflect their behavioral conditions.

<i>Doryteuthis opalescens</i> Species of Cephalopoda

Doryteuthis opalescens, the opalescent inshore squid or market squid, is a small species of squid in the family Loliginidae. It is a myopsid squid, a near shore group with corneas over their eyes. The species is found in the eastern Pacific Ocean from Baja California, Mexico to Alaska, United States, and as an inshore squid can be found within a range of 200 miles (320 km) off the coast.

<i>Metasepia pfefferi</i> Species of cuttlefish

Metasepia pfefferi, also known as the flamboyant cuttlefish, is a species of cuttlefish occurring in tropical Indo-Pacific waters off northern Australia, southern New Guinea, as well as numerous islands of the Philippines, Indonesia and Malaysia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Idiosepiidae</span> Family of molluscs

Idiosepiidae, also known as the pygmy squids, is a family of squids in the superorder Decapodiformes. They are the smallest known squids.

Sepiadarium is a genus of cuttlefish comprising five species.

Idiosepius minimus is a species of bobtail squid native to the "coast of Africa" where it occurs in shallow, inshore waters. Specimens collected under the junior synonyms I. biserialis and I. macrocheir were described from Mozambique. Since then, the further collecting effort off Mozambique has seen additional specimens gained. As a result it has been inferred that this species has a relatively restricted distribution since Idiosepius has not been recorded elsewhere in Africa.

Idiosepius thailandicus, also known as the thai pygmy squid, is a species of bobtail squid native to the Indo-Pacific waters off Thailand. The extent of this species' distribution is still to be determined and records of Idiosepius dwarf squid away from Thailand, south to Indonesia and north to Japan, may be attributable to this species.

<i>Xipholeptos</i> Genus of molluscs

Xipholeptos is a genus of squid in the family Idiosepiidae. It is monotypic, being represented by the single species Xipholeptos notoides, commonly known as the southern pygmy squid. The species was originally classified as Idiosepius notoides. The southern pygmy squid is native to the southwestern Pacific Ocean, off southern and eastern Australia. It inhabits shallow, inshore waters. It has been recorded off the coasts of New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania and Victoria.

<i>Idiosepius paradoxus</i> Species of mollusc

Idiosepius paradoxus, also known as the northern pygmy squid, is a species of pygmy squid native to the western Pacific Ocean. This species can be found inhabiting shallow, inshore waters around central China, South Korea, and Japan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Japanese flying squid</span> Species of squid

The Japanese flying squid, Japanese common squid or Pacific flying squid, scientific name Todarodes pacificus, is a squid of the family Ommastrephidae. This animal lives in the northern Pacific Ocean, in the area surrounding Japan, along the entire coast of China up to Russia, then spreading across the Bering Strait east towards the southern coast of Alaska and Canada. They tend to cluster around the central region of Vietnam.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Spawn (biology)</span> Eggs and sperm released into water

Spawn is the eggs and sperm released or deposited into water by aquatic animals. As a verb, to spawn refers to the process of freely releasing eggs and sperm into a body of water ; the physical act is known as spawning. The vast majority of aquatic and amphibious animals reproduce through spawning. These include the following groups:

<i>Sepioloidea pacifica</i> Species of cuttlefish

Sepioloidea pacifica, also known as the Pacific bobtail squid, is a species of cuttlefish native to the southern Pacific Ocean; it occurs off New Zealand in the west and in the Nazca and Sala y Gomez submarine ridges in the east.

<i>Sepioteuthis australis</i> Species of squid

Sepioteuthis australis, commonly known as the southern calamari or the southern reef squid, is a species of reef squid that is native to oceans off the coast of Australia and New Zealand. This species is caught commercially by trawling, as bycatch in the prawn fishing industry and by recreational anglers.

<i>Sepioloidea lineolata</i> Species of cuttlefish

Sepioloidea lineolata or more commonly known as the striped pyjama squid or the striped dumpling squid is a type of bottletail squid that inhabits the Indo-Pacific Oceans of Australia. The striped pyjama squid lives on the seafloor and is both venomous and poisonous. When fully mature, a striped pyjama squid will only be about 7 to 8 centimetres in length. Baby striped pyjama squid can be smaller than 10 millimetres (0.39 in).

<i>Uroteuthis noctiluca</i> Species of cephalopods known as the luminous bay squid

Uroteuthis noctiluca, commonly known as the luminous bay squid, is a species of squid native to shallow water on the eastern coast of Australia. It uses a pair of luminous organs to camouflage itself from predators at night.

<i>Octopus australis</i> Species of octopus

Octopus australis is a species of octopus. It gets the common name hammer octopus from a modified arm possessed by males and used in reproduction. It was first described by William Evans Hoyle in 1885, based on a specimen found in Port Jackson in New South Wales.

References

  1. 1 2 Caruana, Nikeisha J.; Strugnell, Jan M.; Faou, Pierre; Finn, Julian; Cooke, Ira R. (2019-03-01). "Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Slime from the Striped Pyjama Squid, Sepioloidea lineolata , and the Southern Bottletail Squid, Sepiadarium austrinum (Cephalopoda: Sepiadariidae)". Journal of Proteome Research . 18 (3): 890–899. doi:10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00569. ISSN   1535-3893. PMID   30628786. S2CID   58603105.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Runck, Allison (2021-09-29). "Southern Bottletail Squid". The Australian Museum . Retrieved 2023-03-30.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Reid, A. (2005). "Family Sepiadariidae". In Jereb, P.; Roper, C. F. E. (eds.). Cephalopods of the World: An Annotated and Illustrated Catalog of Species Known to Date (PDF). FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 4, Vol. 1. Vol. 1: Chambered Nautiluses and Sepioids (Nautilidae, Sepiidae, Sepiolidae, Sepiadariidae, Idiosepiidae and Spirulidae). Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ISBN   92-5-105383-9. ISSN   1020-8682.
  4. Marshall, Bruce (2022-10-11). "Sepiadarium austrinum S. S. Berry, 1921". World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 2023-03-30.
  5. Berry, S. Stillman (1921-01-29). "A review of the Cephalopod genera Sepioloidea, Sepiadarium and Idiosepius". Records of the South Australian Museum . 1 (4): 354.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Species: Sepiadarium austrinum (Southern Bottletail Squid)". Atlas of Living Australia . Retrieved 2023-04-03.
  7. 1 2 Finn, J.; Norman, M. (2014). "Sepiadarium austrinum Berry, 1921, Southern Bottletail Squid". Museums Victoria Collections. Retrieved 2023-04-03.
  8. 1 2 3 4 Wegener, Benjamin J.; Stuart-Fox, Devi M.; Norman, Mark D.; Wong, Bob B.M. (2013). "Strategic male mate choice minimizes ejaculate consumption". Behavioral Ecology . 24 (3): 668–671. doi: 10.1093/beheco/ars216 . ISSN   1465-7279.
  9. Schlessinger, Rachel A. (2016-05-19). Ménage à Trois in the Atlantic Brief Squid (Lolliguncula brevis): Prior Presence Affects Mate Choice (Masters). CUNY Hunter College . Retrieved 2023-04-03.