The siege of Haarlem was an episode of the Eighty Years' War. From 11 December 1572 to 13 July 1573 an army of Philip II of Spain laid bloody siege to the city of Haarlem in the Netherlands, whose loyalties had begun wavering during the previous summer. After the naval battle of Haarlemmermeer and the defeat of a land relief force, the starving city surrendered and the garrison was massacred. The resistance nonetheless was taken as an heroic example by the Orangists at the sieges of Alkmaar and Leiden.
Pedro de Alcántara Álvarez de Toledo y Palafox, 12th Marquess of Molina, 13th Marquess of Villafranca was Spanish Minister of Naval Affairs, mid-19th century, reign of Isabella II of Spain counting amongst other political achievements the construction and launch in the Royal Dockyards of Ferrol, of Spain's first steam propelled ship in 1858. The ship was named after the Spanish monarch Isabel II. Medina Sidonia was succeeded by his son José Joaquín Álvarez de Toledo, 18th Duke of Medina Sidonia.
Juan Esteban Pedernera was interim President of Argentina during a brief period in 1861.
Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo y Enríquez de Guzmán, 4th Duke of Alba, Grandee of Spain,, , was a commander in the Spanish army during the Eighty Years' War.
José de Santiago Concha y Salvatierra, 1st Marquess of Casa Concha was a Spanish politician and Royal Governor of Chile.
Oudorp is a neighbourhood of Alkmaar and former village in the Dutch province of North Holland. It is located about 2 km (1 mi) east of the city centre. The village merged with Alkmaar in 1972.
Juan Manuel Couder Sánchez was a Spanish tennis player.
Navalmanzano is a municipality located in the province of Segovia, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 1,157 inhabitants.
José Martín de Aldehuela was a Spanish architect, born in Manzanera, in Teruel Province, Aragon.
Planes is a municipality in Spain. This hamlet lies in the Comtat region of the Spanish kingdom.
Cristóbal Martín de Herrera was a Spanish politician who served as Minister of Public Works in the reign of Alfonso XII.
Vicente Sancho y Cobertores was a Spanish politician and militant who served as Prime Minister of Spain and Minister of State in 1840 during the reign of Queen Isabella II.
Juan de Álava (1480-1537) was a Spanish architect best known for his stonework produced in the Plateresque style.
The Marquessate of Campotéjar was created by Philip IV of Spain in 1643 for Pedro de Granada y Venegas, son of the second Señor of Campotéjar. The title refers to the village of Campotéjar, in the province of Granada, Spain.
Abu Ahmad Jaafar bin Abdullah bin Jahhaff al-Ma’afari or Ibn Yahhaf was a judge and was the last ruler of the Taifa of Valencia before it fell to El Cid in 1094.
The Battle of Mayals(Spanish pronunciation:[majals]) in Catalonia was fought in the afternoon of April 10, 1834 between a Carlist force led by Manuel Carnicer Griñón and a Liberal force led by José Carratalá near the town of Mayals. The Liberal victory negatively affected Carlism's spread in the region in the early stages of the war.
José Manuel Álava y Sáenz de Navarrete was a Spanish officer, Colonel of the regiment posted in Puebla and brigadier of the Royal Armies, interim Spanish governor of Acapulco, explorer of the North Pacific, brother of Ignacio María de Álava and uncle of Miguel Ricardo de Álava.
María Pulpillo (1763–1809) was Spanish singer.
María de la Consolación Azlor also known as The Countess of Bureta, was a Spanish noblewoman, heroine of the Sieges of Zaragoza. She married Juan Crisóstomo López-Fernández de Heredia y Marín de Resende Francia.
Events in the year 1996 in Spain
Spain 
Jacob Cabeliau
A painting showing unfinished fortifications
The siege of Alkmaar by Frans Hogenberg.
