Expedition to the Unare

Last updated
Expedition to the Unare
Part of the Eighty Years' War
Fuerte Unare.jpg
Plan and perspective of the Dutch fort at the Unare, by Juan Bautista Antonelli.
DateAugust, 1633
Location
Result Spanish victory
Belligerents
Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg Spain Flag of the Dutch West India Company.svg  West India Company
Commanders and leaders
Benito Arias Montano Unknown
Strength
95 Spanish soldiers
200 Cumanagoto auxiliaries
14 pirogues [1]
200 zoutvaerders
10 cannons [2]
Casualties and losses
3 dead and 4 wounded [3] 80–100 dead and 36 captured [1] [2]

The Expedition to the Unare was a Spanish campaign in 1633 against the salt flats recently established by the Dutch West India Company on the mouth of the Unare River, in Venezuela. The battle ended with the Dutch being either killed or expelled from the land.

Contents

Background

On 25 August 1633, Captain Bernardo Arias Montano, governor of Cumaná, sailed from the town with a flotilla of 14 pirogues carrying 95 Spanish soldiers and 200 indios amigos to evict the Dutch from the area. [1] Sailing along the Borracha Islands and the Píritu Islets, embarking there more native allies, they arrived to the Unare on 28 August and during that night landed undetected on the Uchire beach, half a league from the Dutch outpost.

Scouts reported the next day that a Dutch fort and ten fluyts standed next to the salt flats. Arias Montano left 50 men to guard the pirogues and moved with the bulk of his force to attack the fort. [1]

Battle

On 30 August at dawn, the Spanish came out the jungle and assaulted the fortress under artillery fire from both its defenders and the Dutch ships. By laying boards over the moat and climbing up the walls, they succeeded in driving the Dutch zoutvaerders from the walls into a barrack at the center of the fort, where they made a last stand before surrendering. [4]

Most of the defenders were either slain or captured, although some of them escaped to the ships, which sailed away as soon as the fort was taken. The Spanish had few casualties, most of them from an attack by natives allied to the Dutch that afternoon. Arias Montano ordered the outpost to be razed, which was done under the supervision of the engineer Juan Bautista Antonelli, and then reembarked with the prisoners and the booty. [1]

Aftermath

The Dutch came back on 1640, but were expelled again soon by Spanish forces under Joan Orpí. [5]

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Dávila 2015, p. 68.
  2. 1 2 Wright 1934, p. 145.
  3. de Lyra 1634, pp. 4–5.
  4. de Lyra 1634, p. 4.
  5. Dávila 2015, p. 69.

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