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Year 1264 (MCCLXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.
An alcázar, from Arabic al-Qasr, is a type of Islamic castle or palace in Spain built during Muslim rule between the 8th and 15th centuries. They functioned as homes and regional capitals for governmental figures throughout the Umayyad caliphate and later for Christian rulers following the Iberian Reconquista. The term alcázar is also used for many medieval castles built by Christians on earlier Roman, Visigothic or Islamic fortifications and is frequently used as a synonym for castillo or castle. In Latin America there are also several colonial palaces called alcázars.
Mudéjar art, or Mudéjar style, was a type of ornamentation and decoration used in the Iberian Christian kingdoms, primarily between the 13th and 16th centuries. It was applied to Romanesque, Gothic and Renaissance architectural styles as constructive, ornamental and decorative motifs derived from those that had been brought to or developed in Al-Andalus. These motifs and techniques were also present in the art and crafts, especially Hispano-Moresque lustreware that was once widely exported across Europe from southern and eastern Spain at the time.
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The Mudéjar revolt of 1264–1266 was a rebellion by the Muslim populations (Mudéjares) in the Lower Andalusia and Murcia regions of the Crown of Castile. The rebellion was in response to Castile's policy of relocating Muslim populations from these regions and was partially instigated by Muhammad I of Granada. The rebels were aided by the independent Emirate of Granada, while the Castilians were allied with Aragon. Early in the uprising, the rebels managed to capture Murcia and Jerez, as well as several smaller towns, but were eventually defeated by the royal forces. Subsequently, Castile expelled the Muslim populations of the reconquered territories and encouraged Christians from elsewhere to settle their lands. Granada became a vassal of Castile and paid an annual tribute.
The conquest of Murcia took place in 1265–1266 when James I of Aragon conquered the Muslim-held Taifa of Murcia on behalf of his ally Alfonso X of Castile.
Abenchara was an Guanche queen of Gran Canaria. She was the wife of Tenesor Semidán, the king of Gáldar, who ruled at the end of the 15th century during the conquest of the Canary Islands.
The Conquest of the city of Valencia, called Balànsiya by the Muslims until the conquest, took place on 9 October 1238 by the Catalan-Aragonese troops of James I of Aragon.
References
- ↑ Diario de Jerez (18 February 2014). "3 de octubre de 1266, la conquista de Jerez". diariodejerez.es. Retrieved 2023-12-02.
- ↑ Torre, José Ignacio de la (2018-09-19). Breve historia de la Reconquista (in Spanish). Nowtilus. ISBN 978-84-9967-966-2 . Retrieved 2022-09-21.
- 1 2 The Gibraltar Crusade: Castile and the Battle for the Strait, by Joseph F. O'Callaghan. Page 29
- ↑ Doubleday 2015, p. 109.
- 1 2 La ciudad islámica de Jerez (Sharîsh)
Bibliography
- Doubleday, Simon R. (2015). The Wise King: A Christian Prince, Muslim Spain, and the Birth of the Renaissance. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-07391-7.