Siege of Guardamar

Last updated
Siege of Guardamar
Part of Battle of the Strait
Date1331
Location
Result Granada victory
Belligerents
Crown of Aragon Emirate of Granada
Commanders and leaders
Pere de Tona Abu-l-Nuaym Ridwan
Strength
27 arbalist 5,000 horsemen
Casualties and losses
22 dead
1,500 captives [1]
Unknown

The siege of Guardamar in 1331 was one of the battles of the Battle of the Strait.

Contents

Background

In 1306 the council of Guardamar del Segura, which consisted of a thousand inhabitants in 1308 [2] sent a letter to James II of Aragon affirming, through captives, that whenever a raid was planned on territories of the Procuració General d'Enllà Xixona they thought of attacking Guardamar because it was the weakest point due to the conditions of the castle and the wall.

In 1329 the Granadans managed to recover Algeciras, and at the beginning of 1330 Pope John XXII three years of tithes to the kings of Aragon, Castile and Portugal with the obligation to make at least one expedition to the Emirate of Granada in which they had to go personally. [3]

In 1330, coinciding with the Castilian attack, with 500 horsemen from the Kingdom of Portugal [4] on the western border, which ended with the Battle of Thebes, there was a Catalan raid on the Murcia-Andalusian border in the context of the crusade against the emirate of Granada started in 1330: with the presence of Alfons XI of Castile on the western front, the Castilian troops and Valencians tried to cause all the damage they could to the populations of the eastern part, leaving Llorca.

With the truce signed on February 19, 1331 [5] the campaign of Alfonso XI of Castile ended, the Grenadians were able to concentrate their forces, consisting of two thousand five hundred men on horseback and twelve thousand on foot, [6] commanded by Abu-l-Nuaym Ridwan ibn Abd Allah on the border with the Crown of Aragon.

The Grenadians, with reinforcements from Morocco, from their base in Algeciras, took Gibraltar and Xerès.

The Siege

The residents of Guardamar del Segura, fearing the attack, asked for help from the prosecutor Guillem de Liminyana, who was in Oriola, but only Pere de Tona, with twenty -and-seven crossbowmen and lancers went to the defense of the town. [1]

The Grenadians, led by Abu-l-Nuaym Ridwan, with an army of five thousand men on horseback, fifteen thousand footmen, among them five thousand crossbowmen, and some machines of war that threw fireballs, [7] entered the Kingdom of Valencia by Oriola and on October 18 of 1331 the siege was established and the next day Guardamar was shot down and taken completely, twenty-two of the defending soldiers dying, and the rest, being captured with the rest of the population. [2]

Aftermath

The army of Abu-l-Nuaym Ridwan took 1,500 captives, and another 1,500 Moors from the Elda valley, forcibly or voluntarily, by leave with them to the Emirate of Granada. [2] Some were allowed to return in the following years. Fearing that the Grenadines would attack Oriola or Alicante again, the king ordered the spokesman of the royal procurator Jofré Gilabert de Cruïlles to gather all the knights and infantry of the territory in Alicante at the end of October. [7]

In 1332, Ridwan again attacked the border and in April laid siege of Elche, which he raised after cutting down the vegetable garden upon learning that Alfonso the Benign was approaching with his army. [8] After the retreat, the Grenadians, with Marinid Dynasty reinforcements besieged and take Gibraltar. [9]

Jofré Gilabert de Cruïlles, the commander of the order of Montesa Xivert Dalmau de Cruïlles, the noble and advanced don Joan Manuel and the bishop of Murcia agreed, all together, to an entry in Moorish land, which would leave Lorca again at the end of August 1333.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1309</span> Calendar year

Year 1309 (MCCCIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Almogavars</span> Medieval soldiers from the Crown of Aragon

Almogavars is the name of a class of light infantry soldier originated in the Crown of Aragon used in the later phases of the Reconquista, during the 13th and 14th centuries.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Muhammad V of Granada</span> Sultan of Granada (r. 1354–1359) (1362–1391)

Abu Abdallah Muhammad V, known by the regnal name al-Ghani bi'llah, was the eighth Nasrid ruler of the Emirate of Granada in Al-Andalus on the Iberian Peninsula.

Muhammad II was the second Nasrid ruler of the Emirate of Granada in Al-Andalus on the Iberian Peninsula, succeeding his father, Muhammad I. Already experienced in matters of state when he ascended the throne, he continued his father's policy of maintaining independence in the face of Granada's larger neighbours, the Christian kingdom of Castile and the Muslim Marinid state of Morocco, as well as an internal rebellion by his family's former allies, the Banu Ashqilula.

Nasr, full name Abu al-Juyush Nasr ibn Muhammad, was the fourth Nasrid ruler of the Emirate of Granada from 14 March 1309 until his abdication on 8 February 1314. He was the son of Muhammad II al-Faqih and Shams al-Duha. He ascended the throne after his brother Muhammad III was dethroned in a palace revolution. At the time of his accession, Granada faced a three-front war against Castile, Aragon and the Marinid Sultanate, triggered by his predecessor's foreign policy. He made peace with the Marinids in September 1309, ceding to them the African port of Ceuta, which had already been captured, as well as Algeciras and Ronda in Europe. Granada lost Gibraltar to a Castilian siege in September, but successfully defended Algeciras until it was given to the Marinids, who continued its defense until the siege was abandoned in January 1310. James II of Aragon sued for peace after Granadan defenders defeated the Aragonese siege of Almería in December 1309, withdrawing his forces and leaving the Emirate's territories by January. In the ensuing treaty, Nasr agreed to pay tributes and indemnities to Ferdinand IV of Castile and yield some border towns in exchange for seven years of peace.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yusuf I of Granada</span> Sultan of Granada from 1333 to 1354

Abu al-Hajjaj Yusuf ibn Ismail, known by the regnal name al-Muayyad billah, was the seventh Nasrid ruler of the Emirate of Granada on the Iberian Peninsula. The third son of Ismail I, he was Sultan between 1333 and 1354, after his brother Muhammad IV was assassinated.

Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Ismail, known as Muhammad IV, was the ruler of the Emirate of Granada on the Iberian Peninsula from 1325 to 1333. He was the sixth sultan of the Nasrid dynasty, succeeding to the throne at ten years old when his father, Ismail I, was assassinated.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Emirate of Granada</span> State in the Iberian Peninsula, 1232–1492

The Emirate of Granada, also known as the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada, was an Islamic polity in the southern Iberian Peninsula during the Late Middle Ages, ruled by the Nasrid dynasty. It was the last independent Muslim state in Western Europe.

The Battle of Barcelona was a naval engagement fought in the coastal region of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, between the navies of the Crowns of Aragon and Castile, during the War of the Two Peters. A number of months beforehand, a large Castilian fleet had been assembled at Seville by order of the King of Castile, Peter I. Consisting of 128 warships including royal vessels, ships from the King of Castile's vassals, and several others that had been sent by the Castilian-allied monarchs of Portugal and Granada, this large fleet had been entrusted to the Genoese admiral, Egidio Boccanegra, who was seconded by two of his relatives, Ambrogio and Bartolome.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Joan Gilabert Jofré</span> Spanish Roman Catholic priest (1364-1417)

Joan Gilabert Jofré (1364–1417), also known as Padre Jofré or Pare Jofré, was a member of the Christian religious Order of Mercy and the founder of what is claimed to be the first psychiatric care institution in Europe, in Valencia, Crown of Aragon, in medieval Spain.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Algeciras (1278)</span> Naval battle of the Reconquista

The Battle of Algeciras was a naval battle which occurred on July 25, 1278. The battle pitted the fleets of the Kingdom of Castile, commanded by the Admiral of Castile, Pedro Martínez de Fe, and the combined fleets of the Marinid dynasty and that of the Emirate of Granada, commanded by Abu Yaqub Yusuf an-Nasr. The battle was fought in the context of the Moorish naval expeditions to the Iberian Peninsula. The battle, which took place in the Strait of Gibraltar, resulted in a Muslim victory.

Alfonso Fernández el Niño was a Spanish nobleman, the illegitimate son of King Alfonso X of Castile and Elvira Rodríguez de Villada. He was the lord of Molina and Mesa through his marriage to Blanca Alfonso de Molina, daughter of the infante Alfonso of Molina and niece of King Alfonso IX of León.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of the Puig</span> 1237 battle of the Reconquista

The Battle of the Puig of 1237, also known as the Battle of the Puig de Santa Maria, the Battle of the Puig de Enesa, or the Battle of the Puig de Cepolla was a battle of the Iberian Reconquista and of the Aragonese Conquest of Valencia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Siege of Algeciras (1309–1310)</span> Battle of the Spanish Reconquista

The siege of Algeciras was a battle of the Spanish Reconquista that occurred between July 1309 and January 1310. The battle was fought between the forces of the Kingdom of Castile, commanded by King Ferdinand IV of Castile and his vassals, and the Emirate of Granada commanded by Sultan Abu'l-Juyush Nasr. The battle resulted in a humiliating defeat for the Kingdom of Castile whose army was obliged to lift the siege due to the atrocious conditions of life in the Castilian camp and the desertion of Infante John of Castile. The battle marked one of the many battles fought at Algeciras where the Christian forces would try to take the city unsuccessfully from the Muslims.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Siege of Algeciras (1342–1344)</span> Castilian siege of the Marinid Empire capital

The siege of Algeciras (1342–1344) was undertaken during the Reconquest of Spain by the Castillian forces of Alfonso XI assisted by the fleets of the Kingdom of Aragon and the Republic of Genoa. The objective was to capture the Muslim city of Al-Jazeera Al-Khadra, called Algeciras by Christians. The city was the capital and the main port of the European territory of the Marinid Empire.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Martos</span> Minor battle in the reconquista

The Battle of Martos was a minor battle of the Spanish Reconquista fought between Martos and Torredonjimeno in Andalusia in 1275. The battle was fought between the troops of the Kingdom of Granada and those of the Crown of Castile. The Castilian force was completely destroyed as a result of the battle. There is some confusion in the dates since different authors report different dates. Zurita, for example, reports that the events described here took place between May and August; the more modern authors, however, put them between September and October.

The siege of Almería was an unsuccessful attempt by Aragon to capture the city of Almería from the Emirate of Granada in 1309. Almería, a Mediterranean port in the southeast of the emirate, was the initial Aragonese target in a joint Aragonese-Castilian campaign aimed at conquering Granada. The Aragonese troops led by their King James II arrived on 11 August, blockading the city and employing siege engines. The city, led by governor Abu Maydan Shuayb and naval commander Abu al-Hasan al-Randahi, prepared for the siege by strengthening its defenses and stockpiling food. Throughout the siege, both sides exchanged shots from siege engines and engaged in fields battles and skirmishes with varying results. James ordered multiple unsuccessful assaults. A Granadan relief column under Uthman ibn Abi al-Ula arrived nearby in September and harassed the besiegers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Ceuta (1339)</span> 1339 Battle

The Battle of Ceuta (1339) was one of the battles of the Battle of the Strait.

The Siege of Elche of 1332 was one of the battles of the Battle of the Strait.

References

  1. 1 2 Ferrer p. 128
  2. 1 2 3 Ferrer p. 129
  3. Rovira i Virgili p. 290
  4. Juan Mariana (1848). Historia general de España (in Spanish). Juan de Mariana. p. 152.
  5. Rovira i Virgili p. 292
  6. Ferrer p. 127
  7. 1 2 Jerónimo Zurita. Annals of the Crown of Aragon.
  8. Ferrer p. 133-134
  9. Jerónimo Zurita. Annals of the Crown of Aragon (PDF) (in Spanish). p. 18.

Sources