Capture of Juromenha (1170) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Part of Portuguese Reconquista | |||||||
Juromenha fortress | |||||||
| |||||||
Belligerents | |||||||
Kingdom of Portugal | Almohad Caliphate | ||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||
Gerald the Fearless | Abu Hafs Umar Al-Sayyid Uthman Abu Sa'eed | ||||||
Strength | |||||||
Unknown | Unknown |
The Capture of Juromenha was a successful operation by the Almohad Caliphate against the Portuguese fortress of Gerald the Fearless. The Castle was captured by the Almohads, ousting Gerald from his base.
After the crushing defeat at the siege of Badajoz in 1169. Gerald, alongside his king Afonso, was captured by the Leonses king, Ferdinand II of León. Gerald bought his freedom by giving up the towns he possessed to Ferdinand except the fortress of Juromenha. Afonso, after the battle, was unable to lead his troops physically but had his men lead the battles. Gerald then settled in Jurnomenha and began resuming his attacks against Badajoz which he hoped to besiege and capture one day. [1]
On April 1170, Gerald exhausted the city with constant attacks and cut off the supplies from it. The government of Seville decided to reinforce the city with a caravan of 5,000 cattle carrying supplies and provisions with an Almohad force led by Abu Yahya Zakariya. When the Caravan got near the city, Gerald and his men ambushed the Caravan and engaged in a battle that lasted for some hours and ended with crushing defeat for the Almohads and the leader fell dead which happened on 14 May. The news reached Seville and Cordoba. [2] [3]
Determined to stop Gerald's attacks, the Almohads dispatched a force from Marrakesh led by Abu Hafs Umar alongside his brother Al-Sayyid Uthman Abu Sa'eed. The army consisted of Almohads, Arabs, and Andalusians. They determined to protect Badajoz from Christians. They arrived there in November. After dealing with the Leonese king who encamped close to the city, the Almohads marched to the fortress of Jurnomenha which Gerald took it as a base to attack Badajoz. The Almohads besieged and captured the fort with the sword, forcing the Portuguese to abandon it and retreat. The Almohads then demolished the fort. Satisfied with their victory, the Almohads returned to Seville. [4] [5] [6]
After this loss, Gerald retreated to Lobón hoping to establish a base there. However; the next year, another force was sent and expelled Gerald, depriving him of striking distance from Badajoz. [7]
Afonso I, also called Afonso Henriques, nicknamed the Conqueror and the Founder by the Portuguese, was the first king of Portugal. He achieved the independence of the County of Portugal, establishing a new kingdom and doubling its area with the Reconquista, an objective that he pursued until his death.
Ferdinand II, was a member of the Castilian cadet branch of the House of Ivrea and King of León and Galicia from 1157 until his death.
The Battle of Ourique took place on 25 July 1139, in which the forces of Portuguese count Afonso Henriques defeated those led by the Almoravid governor of Córdoba, Muhammad Az-Zubayr Ibn Umar, identified as "King Ismar" in Christian chronicles.
Abu Al-Hasan 'Ali ibn 'Othman, was a sultan of the Marinid dynasty who reigned in Morocco between 1331 and 1348. In 1333 he captured Gibraltar from the Castilians, although a later attempt to take Tarifa in 1339 ended in fiasco. In North Africa he extended his rule over Tlemcen and Hafsid Ifriqiya, which together covered the north of what is now Algeria and Tunisia. Under him the Marinid realms in the Maghreb briefly covered an area that rivalled that of the preceding Almohad Caliphate. However, he was forced to retreat due to a revolt of the Arab tribes, was shipwrecked, and lost many of his supporters. His son Abu Inan Faris seized power in Fez. Abu Al-Hasan died in exile in the High Atlas mountains.
This is a timeline of notable events during the period of Muslim presence in Iberia, starting with the Umayyad conquest in the 8th century.
This is a historical timeline of Portugal.
Abu Muhammad ʿAbdallah 'al-ʿAdil' was an Almohad Caliph, a former governor in al-Andalus who challenged and secured the murder of his predecessor, Abd al-Wahid I. His 1224 coup ushered in a period of instability that lasted well beyond his own death in 1227. He is often regarded as one of the most disastrous of Almohad caliphs. His coup divided the Almohads and set in motion the loss of al-Andalus and the eventual collapse of the Almohad state.
Geraldo Geraldes or Gerald the Fearless, known in Portuguese as Geraldo Sem Pavor, was a Portuguese warrior and folk hero of the Reconquista whose theatre of operations was in the barren Alentejo and Extremadura regions of the lower Guadiana river. The city of Évora was the most lasting of his conquests and was never retaken. His success and independence have suggested parallels with the Castilian hero El Cid and Gerald has been called "the Cid of Portugal".
The siege of Santarém lasted from June 1184 to July 1184.
The Siege of Silves in 1191 was a successful operation by the Almohads to recapture the city of Silves from the Portuguese whom they held from 1189.
The siege of Alcácer do Sal lasted from 30 July to 18 October 1217. The well fortified city of Alcácer do Sal was a frontier outpost of the Almohad Caliphate facing Portugal. It was besieged by forces from Portugal, León, the military orders and the Fifth Crusade. The latter were led by Count William I of Holland. The expedition was the brainchild of Bishop Soeiro II of Lisbon, whose diocese was threatened by regular raids from Alcácer. King Afonso II of Portugal did not take part in person, but the city was incorporated into his kingdom after its capitulation. The crusaders who took part in the siege, mainly from the Rhineland and the Low Countries, did so without papal authorization and were afterwards ordered to continue on to the Holy Land.
In 1111, the Almoravids launched a campaign into the County of Portugal to capture the territories of western Iberia that had already been held by the Almoravids in 1094.
The siege of Badajoz (1169) was a military engagement between the Portuguese, led by King Afonso I of Portugal, and the Almohad garrison of Badajoz, allied with the Kingdom of León. The allied forces inflicted a severe defeat on the Portuguese.
The siege of Coimbra of 1117 was a military engagement between the forces of the Almoravid dynasty and those of the County of Portugal in the city of Coimbra. In 1117, the Almoravids launched a campaign into the County of Portugal to attack the city of Coimbra and withdrew after failing to capture it.
Portuguese participation in the Reconquista occurred from when the County of Portugal was founded in 868 and continued for 381 years until the last cities still in Muslim control in the Algarve were captured in 1249. Portugal was created during this prolonged process and largely owes its geographic form to it.
The Battle of Badajoz was a military engagement between the Almoravids and the raiding party from Castile. The Castilians were soundly defeated.
The Spanish Christian–Muslim War of 1172–1212 was fought between the Spanish Christian kingdoms of Castile, Aragon, Navarre and Portugal and the Almohad Caliphate during the Reconquista. It began when the Almohad caliph Yusuf I attacked Castile from Cuenca in 1172 and ended after the Christian victory at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212 but small skirmishes still occurred after the battle.
The Battle of Calatrava was a military engagement between the Castilian and the Almohad army near Calatrava. The Almohads achieved a resounding victory against their enemy.
The Siege of Almeria was a successful attempt by the Almohads to capture the city of Almeria from the Christians in 1157, who had captured the city a decade ago. The Almohads expelled the Leonese and Genoese garrison and repelled a Castilian attempt to relieve it.
In 1191, the Almohads besieged the city of Alcácer do Sal which the Portuguese held. The siege was part of the Almohad campaign against Portugal in 1191. The Almohads succeeded in capturing the city.