| Battle of Trancoso (1140) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Portuguese Reconquista | |||||||
 | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 Kingdom of Portugal |  Almoravid dynasty | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Afonso I of Portugal | Esmar | ||||||
The Battle of Trancoso in 1140 was an episode of the Reconquista, in which Afonso I of Portugal defeated a contingent of Muslim troops near Trancoso that was invading Portuguese territory.
In 1135, Afonso I founded the castle of Leiria, between Coimbra and Santarém. Not only did it have the purpose of guarding the road that connected the two cities, but it was his first act of aggression directed at Muslims, as the garrison was also obliged to attack the territory of Santarém.
In the Battle of Ourique, the Portuguese defeated the Almoravid troops commanded by a certain "Esmar", in 1139. The following year, Afonso renewed hostilities against the king of Leon Afonso VII, his cousin, and invaded Galicia. [1] Esmar knowing that the king of Portugal was in Galicia and was suffering setbacks, he regrouped his troops and attacked the castle of Leiria, which he conquered, razed and massacred its garrison, taking prisoners of those who were captured alive. [1] He then advanced through Portuguese territory until reaching Trancoso, which he also sacked. [1]
Upon learning of what had happened, Afonso I of Portugal signed a truce with his cousin and traveled from Galicia to Trancoso to fight the Muslims, whom he destroyed in two encounters. [1] In the aftermath of the battle, he founded the monastery of Tarouca in the presence of his troops. [2]
Afonso I, also called Afonso Henriques, nicknamed the Conqueror and the Founder by the Portuguese, was the first king of Portugal. He achieved the independence of the County of Portugal, establishing a new kingdom and doubling its area with the Reconquista, an objective that he pursued until his death.
The Reconquista or the reconquest of al-Andalus was a series of military and cultural campaigns that European Christian kingdoms waged against the Muslim kingdoms following the Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula by the Umayyad Caliphate, culminating in the reign of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain. The beginning of the Reconquista is traditionally dated to the Battle of Covadonga, in which an Asturian army achieved the first Christian victory over the forces of the Umayyad Caliphate since the beginning of the military invasion. The Reconquista ended in 1492 with the fall of the Nasrid kingdom of Granada to the Catholic Monarchs.
Ferdinand II, was a member of the Castilian cadet branch of the House of Ivrea and King of León and Galicia from 1157 until his death.
The 1383–1385 Portuguese interregnum was a war of succession in Portuguese history during which no crowned king of Portugal reigned. The interregnum began when King Ferdinand I died without a male heir and ended when King John I was crowned in 1385 after his victory during the Battle of Aljubarrota.
The Battle of Ourique took place on 25 July 1139, in which the forces of Portuguese count Afonso Henriques defeated those led by the Almoravid governor of Córdoba, Muhammad Az-Zubayr Ibn Umar, identified as "King Ismar" in Christian chronicles.
Ourém, formerly known as Vila Nova de Ourém, is a municipality in the district of Santarém in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 45,932, in an area of 416.68 km2. The municipality of Ourém contains two cities: Ourém and Fátima.
This is a timeline of notable events during the period of Muslim presence in Iberia, starting with the Umayyad conquest in the 8th century.
This is a historical timeline of Portugal.
Gonçalo Mendes da Maia, also known as O Lidador, so named for his fearlessness in the struggle against the Saracens, was a Portuguese knight of the time of Afonso Henriques, about whom tradition relates important achievements in the events preceding the independence of Portugal.
The Battle of Valdevez took place at Arcos de Valdevez on the banks of the river Vez between the Kingdom of León and the Kingdom of Portugal in the summer of 1140 or 1141. It is one of only two pitched battles that Alfonso VII of León is known to have fought, and the only of the two not coincident with a siege. His opponent at Valdevez was his cousin Afonso I of Portugal. An armistice signed after the battle eventually became the Treaty of Zamora (1143), and ended Portugal's first war of independence. The area of the battle became known as the Veiga or Campo da Matança, the "field of killing".
The County of Portugal refers to two successive medieval counties in the region around Guimarães and Porto, today corresponding to littoral northern Portugal, within which the identity of the Portuguese people formed. The first county existed from the mid-ninth to the mid-eleventh centuries as a vassalage of the Kingdom of Asturias and the Kingdom of Galicia and also part of the Kingdom of León, before being abolished as a result of rebellion. A larger entity under the same name was then reestablished in the late 11th century and subsequently elevated by its count in the mid-12th century into an independent Kingdom of Portugal.
The conquest of Santarém took place on 15 March 1147, when the troops of the Kingdom of Portugal under the leadership of Afonso I of Portugal captured the Taifa of Badajoz city of Santarém.
The Kingdom of Portugal was established from the county of Portugal in the 1130s, ruled by the Portuguese House of Burgundy. During most of the 12th and 13th centuries, its history is chiefly that of the gradual reconquest of territory from the various Muslim principalities (taifas) of the period.
The Castle of Santarém is a medieval castle located in the city of Santarém in the Portuguese county and district of Santarém.
The siege of Badajoz (1169) was a military engagement between the Portuguese, led by King Afonso I of Portugal, and the Almohad garrison of Badajoz, allied with the Kingdom of León. The allied forces inflicted a severe defeat on the Portuguese.
Portuguese participation in the Reconquista occurred from when the County of Portugal was founded in 868 and continued for 381 years until the last cities still in Muslim control in the Algarve were captured in 1249. Portugal was created during this prolonged process and largely owes its geographic form to it.
The Conquest of Évora in 1165 was an episode of the Reconquista launched by Gerald the Fearless, who conquered the city from the Muslims during the night with a contingent of soldiers. Évora was then handed over to the Afonso I of Portugal and definitively integrated into his Kingdom.
The Great raid of Triana in 1178 was an expedition under the orders of Prince Sancho of Portugal against the Almohad Caliphate in the modern territories of Extremadura and Alentejo. Sancho would achieve an astonishing victory over the Muslims. It would be one of the most daring military operations conducted in the history of Portugal and allowed the prince Sancho to affirm himself as a worthy commander and heir to the throne.
The Luso–Leonese War of 1130–1137 was an armed conflict between the Kingdom of León and the County of Portugal which took place primarily in the Kingdom of Galicia. This war took place during the reigns of Alfonso VII and Afonso Henriques, and was caused by the territorial claims of Afonso over Galicia and the idea of forming an independent Portuguese kingdom, an objective that would later be achieved after the Treaty of Zamora in 1143. The war ended with the signing of the Treaty of Tuy in 1137.
The siege of Santarém in 1171 was a military confrontation during the Reconquista, in which the city of Santarém was besieged by an army from the Almohad Caliphate, but they were unable to conquer the city. It was the first time that Santarém was attacked since its conquest by King Afonso I of Portugal, 24 years earlier.