Siege of Abrantes (1179) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Part of the Reconquista and Spanish Christian–Muslim War of 1172–1212 | |||||||
| |||||||
Belligerents | |||||||
Kingdom of Portugal | Almohad Caliphate | ||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||
Unknown | Yaqub al-Mansur | ||||||
Strength | |||||||
Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
Casualties and losses | |||||||
9 dead | Large number of casualties |
The Siege of Abrantes in 1179 was an military confrontation of the Reconquista between Portuguese and Almohad forces. The Muslims attempted to conquer Abrantes but were utterly defeated by the city's defenders. [1]
In 1178, after a period of Portuguese military successes, Prince Sancho of Portugal launched a big offensive against the Almohad Caliphate. It would be known as the "Great Triana Raid" and the result was an astonishing victory for the Catholic forces. [2] This triumph greatly contributed to King Afonso's attempts at getting Papal acknowledgment of Portuguese independence. However, it also generated a swift response from the Almohad armed forces. [2]
In the following year, the son of the Almohad Caliph entered with his army into Portuguese territory, crossed the Alentejo and laid siege to the city of Abrantes. [1] The Portuguese soldiers bravely defended themselves and the castle of the city, inflicting a large number of casualties on the Muslims. [2] After 4 days of unsuccessful attempts at conquering the castle and lack of supplies, the Muslim leader was forced to retreat with his forces. [1] [3] It appears that this campaign was not carefully planned after all. [3]
Although the Portuguese were able to resist this particular attack, the Almohads did not give up and in the next year already they attacked and destroyed the city of Coruche. Yet, within two years, it was reconstructed. [1] In 1181, after the previous attack, the Muslim forces once again invaded Portugal. This time the target was the city of Évora, but the attack ultimately failed. [4]
Year 1179 (MCLXXIX) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.
Year 1184 (MCLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.
This is a timeline of notable events during the period of Muslim presence in Iberia, starting with the Umayyad conquest in the 8th century.
This is a historical timeline of Portugal.
The Ottoman–Habsburg wars were fought from the 16th to the 18th centuries between the Ottoman Empire and the Habsburg monarchy, which was at times supported by the Kingdom of Hungary, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, and Habsburg Spain. The wars were dominated by land campaigns in Hungary, including Transylvania and Vojvodina, Croatia, and central Serbia.
The Taifa of Valencia was a medieval Muslim kingdom which existed in and around Valencia, Spain. It gained independence from the Caliphate of Córdoba circa 1010 and became its own small kingdom, or Taifa, for most of the 11th century. It was absorbed by the Taifa of Toledo in 1065, which in turn fell to Alfonso VI of León and Castile in 1085. From 1094 to 1099, the kingdom was ruled directly by the Castilian military commander known as El Cid, then by his wife Jimena after his death, until being annexed by the Almoravids in 1102.
The Castle of Abrantes overlooks the city of Abrantes, in the municipality of Abrantes in the district of Santarém, Ribatejo, divided between the two civil parishes of São João and São Vicente. It was part of the Reconquista fortifications that made up the Linha do Tejo, a line of castles and outposts during the Middle Ages, recently integrated into a tourist region called the Região de Turismo dos Templários.
The Battle of the Puig of 1237, also known as the Battle of the Puig de Santa Maria, the Battle of the Puig de Enesa, or the Battle of the Puig de Cepolla was a battle of the Iberian Reconquista and of the Aragonese Conquest of Valencia.
The Mudéjar revolt of 1264–1266 was a rebellion by the Muslim populations (Mudéjares) in the Lower Andalusia and Murcia regions of the Crown of Castile. The rebellion was in response to Castile's policy of relocating Muslim populations from these regions and was partially instigated by Muhammad I of Granada. The rebels were aided by the independent Emirate of Granada, while the Castilians were allied with Aragon. Early in the uprising, the rebels managed to capture Murcia and Jerez, as well as several smaller towns, but were eventually defeated by the royal forces. Subsequently, Castile expelled the Muslim populations of the reconquered territories and encouraged Christians from elsewhere to settle their lands. Granada became a vassal of Castile and paid an annual tribute.
The Almohad Caliphate launched a major offensive against the Kingdom of Portugal in the spring of 1190 that lasted into the summer of 1191. The Caliph Yaʿqūb al-Manṣūr crossed over from Africa to take personal command of his forces. The campaign of 1190 was underwhelming because of assistance Portugal received from passing armies of the Third Crusade. The sieges of Tomar, Santarém and Silves had to be abandoned, but the caliph overwintered in Seville. The campaign of 1191 reversed Portugal's recent reconquests, captured Silves after a second siege and pushed the frontier north to the Tagus.
The Siege of Silves in 1190 was an military confrontation of the Reconquista, occurring during the sixth Almohad invasion of Portugal. The city of Silves, conquered by King Sancho I of Portugal the previous year, was besieged by a Muslim army, but the Portuguese resisted the attack.
The siege of Silves was an action of the Third Crusade and the Portuguese Reconquista in 1189. The city of Silves in the Almohad Caliphate was besieged from 21 July until 3 September by the forces of Portugal and a group of crusaders from northern Europe on their way to the siege of Acre. The defenders capitulated on terms, the city was handed over to Portugal and the crusaders took a portion of the spoils.
The siege of Tomar was a military engagement that took place in 1190 between the Almohad caliphate who attacked the town of Tomar in Portugal, and the Templar Order, who owned the settlement and successfully defended it from the Muslim attack.
Portuguese participation in the Reconquista occurred from when the County of Portugal was founded in 868 and continued for 381 years until the last cities still in Muslim control in the Algarve were captured in 1249. Portugal was created during this prolonged process and largely owes its geographic form to it.
The Spanish Christian–Muslim War of 1172–1212 was fought between the Spanish Christian kingdoms of Castile, Aragon, Navarre and Portugal and the Almohad Caliphate during the Reconquista. It began when the Almohad caliph Yusuf I attacked Castile from Cuenca in 1172 and ended after the Christian victory at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212 but small skirmishes still occurred after the battle.
The Battle of Palmela, which took place in 1165, was an armed encounter during the Reconquista between King Afonso I of Portugal and the Muslim governor of Badajoz, who was defeated at the time.
The Conquest of Évora in 1165 was an episode of the Reconquista launched by Gerald the Fearless, who conquered the city from the Muslims during the night with a contingent of soldiers. Évora was then handed over to the Afonso I of Portugal and definitively integrated into his Kingdom.
The Great raid of Triana in 1178 was an expedition under the orders of Prince Sancho of Portugal against the Almohad Caliphate in the modern territories of Extremadura and Alentejo. Sancho would achieve an astonishing victory over the Muslims. It would be one of the most daring military operations conducted in the history of Portugal and allowed the prince Sancho to affirm himself as a worthy commander and heir to the throne.
The Siege of Évora took place in 1181, when an army from the Almohad Caliphate invaded Portugal and besieged the city, which resisted the attack.
The Siege of Santarém in 1171 was a military confrontation during the Reconquista, in which the city of Santarém was besieged by an army from the Almohad Caliphate, but they were unable to conquer the city. It was the first time that Santarém was attacked since its conquest by King Afonso I of Portugal, 24 years earlier.