Sindhi transliteration

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Sindhi is a language broadly spoken by the people of the historical Sindh region in the Indian subcontinent. Modern Sindhi is written in an extended Perso-Arabic script in Sindh province of Pakistan [1] and (formally) in extended-Devanagari by Sindhis in partitioned India. [2] Historically, Sindhi was written in various forms of Landa scripts and various other Indic scripts. [3]

Contents

Sindhi Transliteration is essential to convert between Arabic and Devanagari so that speakers of both the countries can read the text of each other. [4] In modern day, Sindhi script colloquially just refers to the Perso-Arabic script since majority of Sindhis are from Pakistan. It is also important to note that the Sindhi script is not same as the Urdu-Shahmukhi script, [5] hence one cannot use script conversions like Hindi-Urdu Transliteration.

Technically, a direct one-to-one mapping or rule-based script conversion is not possible between Pakistani and Indian Sindhi, majorly since Devanagari is an abugida script and Arabic-Sindhi is an abjad script, and also other constraints like multiple similar characters from Perso-Arabic which map onto a single character in Devanagari. [6] Hence it is preferred to use dictionary-based or machine learning-based transliteration between the Sindhi scripts. [7] For colloquial usage in the digital space where writing Sindhi in Latin script is prevalent, Romanisation of Sindhi is used. [8]

In addition to Sindhi, there have been attempts to design Indo-Pakistani transliteration systems for digraphic languages like Punjabi (written in Gurmukhi in East Punjab and Shahmukhi in West Punjab), Saraiki (written in an extended-Shahmukhi script in Saraikistan and unofficially in Sindhi-Devanagari script in India) and Kashmiri (written in extended Perso-Arabic by Kashmiri Muslims and extended-Devanagari by Kashmiri Hindus). [9] [10] [11]

Consonants

The following table provides an approximate one-to-one mapping for modern Sindhi consonants, [12] especially for computational purposes (lossless script conversion). Note that this direct script conversion will not yield correct spellings, but rather a readable text for both the readers. [13]

Sindhi Consonants
Sindhi Abjad Urdu-Shahmukhi [14] Roman Devanagari [15]
ڪکkक
ککھkhख
ققqक़
خخk͟hख़
گگgग
غغg͟hग़
ڳڳg̤ॻ
گھگھghघ
چچcच
ڇچھchछ
ججjज
جھجھjhझ
ڄڄj̈ॼ
ززzज़
ذذzज़
ضضzज़
ظظzज़
ژژzhझ़
ٽٹṭट
ٺٹھṭhठ
ڏݙd̤ॾ
ڊڈḍड
ڍڈھḍhढ
ڙڑṛड़
ڙھڑھṛhढ़
تتtत
ٿتھthथ
ططtत
ددdद
ڌدھdhध
ننnन
ڻݨṇण
ڱن٘ṅङ
ڃݩñञ
پپpप
ڦپھphफ
ففfफ़
ببbब
ٻٻḇॿ
ڀبھbhभ
ممmम
يیyय
ررrर
للlल
ݪلؕḷळ
ووvव
ششshश
ݜسؕṣhष
سسsस
صصsस
ثثsस
هہhह
ححhह
ۃۃhह
ععʿʿ

Single-letter word ligatures

SindhiUrduRomanDevanagari
۽اَیںa͠iऐं
۾میںmẽमें

Numerals

UsageNumeral System
Pakistan Arabic numerals ۰۱۲۳۴۵٦۷۸۹
International Hindu-Arabic 0123456789
India Modern Devanagari ०१२३४५६७८९

Punctuations and symbols

ScriptPeriodQuestion MarkCommaSemi-colonSlashPercentEnd of verse
Perso-Arabic ۔؟،؛؍٪۝
Modern Devanagari । ?, ;/ %॥

References

  1. ↑ "Sindhi gains national status". The Express Tribune. 2016-10-03. Retrieved 2021-07-02.
  2. ↑ "Languages Included in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constution [sic]". Department of Official Language, Ministry of Home Affairs . Retrieved 2018-04-09.
  3. ↑ Lakhani, Rakesh (2013-06-06). "Forgotten Sindhi Script – Waranki". Indigenous Sindhis. Retrieved 2021-07-02.
  4. ↑ "Transcending barriers: Software to break down the wall within the Sindhi language". The Express Tribune. 2014-09-18. Retrieved 2021-07-02.
  5. ↑ "The Imposition Of Urdu". NAWAIWAQT GROUP OF NEWSPAPERS. September 10, 2015. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  6. ↑ Leghari, Mehwish; U Rahman, Mutee (2015-10-30). "Towards Transliteration between Sindhi Scripts Using Roman Script". Linguistics and Literature Review. 1 (2): 95–104. doi: 10.32350/llr.12.03 . SSRN   3820433.
  7. ↑ Lehal, Gurpreet Singh; Saini, Tejinder Singh (December 2014). "Sangam: A Perso-Arabic to Indic Script Machine Transliteration Model": 232–239.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  8. ↑ Sodhar, Irum Naz; Jalbani, Akhtar Hussain; Channa, Muhammad Ibrahim; Hakro, Dil Nawaz (2021-04-01). "Romanized Sindhi Rules for Text Communication". Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology. 40 (2): 298–304. Bibcode:2021MURJE..40..298S. doi: 10.22581/muet1982.2102.04 . ISSN   2413-7219.
  9. ↑ "Perso-Arabic To Indic Script Transliteration". sangam.learnpunjabi.org. Retrieved 2021-04-07.
  10. ↑ "Saraiki - Devanagari Machine Transliteration System - SDMTS". www.sanlp.org. Retrieved 2021-08-09.
  11. ↑ Lawaye, Aadil; Kak, Aadil; Mehdi, Nali (January 2010). "Building a Cross Script Kashmiri Converter: Issues and Solutions". Proceedings of Oriental COCOSDA.
  12. ↑ NC, Gokul (2021-05-07), GokulNC/Indic-PersoArabic-Script-Converter , retrieved 2021-05-28
  13. ↑ Pedersen, Thomas T. "Sindhi: Transliteration of Non-Roman Scripts" (PDF). Transliteration of Non-Roman Scripts.
  14. ↑ Carefully note the differences. List also includes 4 implosive consonants from Saraiki alphabet (ڳ, ڄ, ݙ, ٻ)
  15. ↑ All the consonants with nuqta sign (dots below) denote adaptation for PersoArabic consonants
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