Sinployea decorticata | |
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Drawing of the shell of Sinployea decorticata. | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Mollusca |
Class: | Gastropoda |
(unranked): | clade Heterobranchia clade Euthyneura Contents |
Superfamily: | Punctoidea |
Family: | Charopidae |
Subfamily: | Charopinae |
Genus: | Sinployea |
Species: | S. decorticata |
Binomial name | |
Sinployea decorticata (Garrett, 1872) [2] | |
Synonyms | |
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Sinployea decorticata a species of small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Charopidae. This species was endemic to the Cook Islands; it is now extinct.
In biology, a species ( ) is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. Other ways of defining species include their karyotype, DNA sequence, morphology, behaviour or ecological niche. In addition, paleontologists use the concept of the chronospecies since fossil reproduction cannot be examined. While these definitions may seem adequate, when looked at more closely they represent problematic species concepts. For example, the boundaries between closely related species become unclear with hybridisation, in a species complex of hundreds of similar microspecies, and in a ring species. Also, among organisms that reproduce only asexually, the concept of a reproductive species breaks down, and each clone is potentially a microspecies.
A land snail is any of the numerous species of snail that live on land, as opposed to sea snails and freshwater snails. Land snail is the common name for terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have shells. However, it is not always easy to say which species are terrestrial, because some are more or less amphibious between land and fresh water, and others are relatively amphibious between land and salt water.
Terrestrial animals are animals that live predominantly or entirely on land, as compared with aquatic animals, which live predominantly or entirely in the water, or amphibians, which rely on a combination of aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Terrestrial invertebrates include ants, flies, crickets, grasshoppers and spiders.
Sinployea decorticata was originally discovered and described under the name Pitys decorticata by American naturalist Andrew Garrett in 1872. [2]
Andrew Garrett (1823–1887), was an American explorer, naturalist and illustrator.
Garrett's original text (the type description) reads as follows:
“ | Shell subdiscoid, openly umbilicate, thin, subpellucid, cinereous, under a brownish horn-colored epidermis, adults decorticated, rarely with radiating dashes of reddish brown, arcuately ribbed, ribs lamellar, regular, rather closely set, continued on the base, interstices very finely striated; spire flatly convex; suture channeled; whorls 5, convex, slowly increasing, last one convexly declivous above, rounded beneath, obsoletely angular on the periphery; umbilicus deep, exposing the whorls, about a fourth the diameter of the shell; aperture oblique, orbicular luniform; peristome thin, simple; parietal region very thinly callosed. | ” |
The width of the shell is 4 mm. The height of the shell is 2 mm. [2]
Type specimen are stored in the collection of Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia. [2]
Type locality is Rarotonga Island, Cook Islands. [2]
Rarotonga is the most populous island of the Cook Islands, with a population of 10,572, out of the country's total resident population of 14,974. Captain John Dibbs, master of the colonial brig Endeavour, is credited as the European discoverer on 25 July 1823, while transporting the missionary Rev. John Williams.
The Cook Islands is a self-governing island country in the South Pacific Ocean in free association with New Zealand. It comprises 15 islands whose total land area is 240 square kilometres (92.7 sq mi). The Cook Islands' Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) covers 1,800,000 square kilometres (690,000 sq mi) of ocean.
Andrew Garrett commented on the habitat of this land snail, saying it was, "a common species found on the ground in a mountain ravine". [2]
Amphidromus cognatus is a large camaenid land snail endemic to Australia.
†Placostylus cuniculinsulae was a species of large air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Bothriembryontidae. This species was endemic to Lord Howe Island, Australia. It is now extinct.
Sinployea canalis was a species of small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Charopidae. This species was endemic to the Cook Islands; it is now extinct.
Sinployea is a genus of small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Charopidae.
Sinployea harveyensis was a species of small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Charopidae. This species was endemic to the Cook Islands; it is now extinct.
Sinployea otareae was a species of small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Charopidae. This species was endemic to the Cook Islands; it is now extinct.
Sinployea planospira was a species of small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Charopidae. This species was endemic to the Cook Islands; it is now extinct.
Sinployea proxima was a species of small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Charopidae. This species was endemic to the Cook Islands and it is now extinct.
Sinployea rudis was a species of small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Charopidae. This species was endemic to the Cook Islands; it is now extinct.
Sinployea tenuicostata was a species of small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Charopidae. This species was endemic to the Cook Islands; it is now extinct.
Sinployea youngi was a species of small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Charopidae. This species was endemic to the Cook Islands; it is now extinct.
Camaenidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea, the typical snails and their allies. This is one of the most diverse families in the clade Stylommatophora.
Libera is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Endodontidae.
George Alan Solem, known professionally as Alan Solem, was an American malacologist, a biologist who studied mollusks.
Notodiscus hookeri is a species of small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial gastropod mollusk in the family Charopidae. This snail lives on islands in the sub-Antarctic region. Its shell is unique among land snails in that the organic part of the shell layers contains no chitin.
Suteria ide is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial gastropod mollusc in the family Charopidae .This species is endemic to New Zealand.
Ba humbugi is the only species and therefore the type species in the genus Ba, a genus of land snail, belonging to the family Charopidae. Both the genus and the species were named by the American malacologist Alan Solem. The genus is endemic to the Fijian island of Viti Levu, and B. humbugi is an endangered species.
Vatusila is a genus of land snail found in Oceania. It consists of five extant and one fossil species. Alan Solem described and named the genus in 1983.
This article incorporates public domain text from reference. [2]