Siphula

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Siphula
Siphula ceratites.jpg
Siphula ceratites
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Lecanoromycetes
Order: Pertusariales
Family: Icmadophilaceae
Genus: Siphula
Fr. (1831)
Type species
Siphula ceratites
(Wahlenb.) Fr. (1831)
Species

22

Synonyms [1]

Siphula is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Icmadophilaceae. The widespread genus was circumscribed by the Swedish mycologist Elias Fries in 1831. [3]

Contents

Description

The genus Siphula includes lichens with a shrubby, upright thallus (the lichen body) that is sparsely branched and has a whitish appearance. The outer surface, or cortex , is pseudoparenchymatous , meaning it consists of densely packed cells resembling plant parenchyma (common plant tissue). Siphula species partner with chlorococcoid algae, a type of green algae that supplies the lichen with energy through photosynthesis. [4]

Inside the thallus, the medulla (inner tissue layer) is compact and has fungal filaments (hyphae) that are generally aligned in a longitudinal direction. No reproductive structures, such as apothecia (spore-producing bodies) or conidiomata (asexual spore-producing bodies), have been observed to occur in this genus. [4]

Chemically, Siphula lichens contain various compounds including p- and m-depsides, dibenzofurans, and chromones, such as the compound siphulin. [4]

Habitat and distribution

Siphula species are found growing on peaty soils and on acid-leached bark in temperate rainforests as well as in wet alpine environments. This genus has a cosmopolitan distribution, occurring across various regions worldwide. [4]

Species

As of October 2024, Species Fungorum accepts 22 species of Siphula: [5]

Siphula coriacea Siphula coriacea.jpg
Siphula coriacea

References

  1. ↑ "Siphula Fr. 1831". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Retrieved 2011-11-24.
  2. ↑ Hue, A. (1914). "Lichenes novos vel melius cognitos". Annales Mycologici (in Latin). 12 (6): 509–534.
  3. 1 2 Fries, E.M. (1831). Lichenographia Europaea Reformata[Reformed European Lichenography] (in Latin). pp. 7, 406.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Lambley, P.; Purvis, O.W. (2009). "Siphula Fr. (1831)". In Smith, C.W.; Aptroot, A.; Coppins, B.J.; Fletcher, A.; Gilbert, O.L.; James, P.W.; Wolseley, P.A. (eds.). The Lichens of Great Britain and Ireland. London: British Lichen Society. p. 841.
  5. ↑ "Species Fungorum - Search Page". www.speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved 2024-10-25.
  6. 1 2 Kantvilas, G. (2004). "New Australian species in the lichen genus Siphula Fr". Austrobaileya. 6 (4): 949–955. doi: 10.5962/p.299704 .
  7. 1 2 Kantvilas, G. (2023). "Three new species of siphuloid lichens, with a first key to the genus Parasiphula". The Lichenologist. 55 (1): 17–25. doi:10.1017/S0024282922000421.
  8. 1 2 3 Marcano, V. (2021). "The genus Siphula Fr. (Icmadophilaceae, Lichenized Fungi) in Venezuela". Phytotaxa. 489 (1): 10–26. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.489.1.2.
  9. ↑ Nylander, W. (1860). Synopsis Methodica Lichenum Omnium hucusque Cognitorum, Praemissa Introductione Lingua Gallica[Methodical Synopsis of All Known Lichens, With an Introduction in French] (in Latin). Vol. 1. pp. 141–430.
  10. 1 2 Nylander, W. (1888). Lichenes Novae Zelandiae[Lichens of New Zealand] (in Latin). Paris: Paul Schmidt. pp. 1–156.
  11. ↑ Nylander, William (1863). "Prodromus Florae Novo-Granatensis ou enumeration des plantes de la Nouvelle-Grenade. Lichenes" [Prodrome of the Flora of New Granada or enumeration of plants from New Granada. Lichens]. Annales des Sciences Naturelles. Botanique. 4 (in Latin). 19: 286–382.
  12. ↑ Kantvilas, G.; Zedda, L.; Elix, J.A. (2003). "A remarkable new species of Siphula (lichenized fungi) from South Africa". Herzogia. 16: 21–25.
  13. ↑ Kantvilas, G. (1998). "Studies on the lichen genus Siphula in Tasmania II. The S. decumbens group". Herzogia. 13: 119–138. doi:10.1127/herzogia/13/1998/119.
  14. ↑ Marcano, V.; Castillo, L. (2021). "Siphula paramensis V. Marcano & L. Castillo (Icmadophilaceae, lichenized fungi), a new species from the high paramo in Venezuela". Phytotaxa. 512 (3): 169–178. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.512.3.4.
  15. ↑ Nylander, W.illiam (1859). "Lichenes in regionibus exoticis quibusdam vigentes exponit synopticis enumerationibus" [Synoptic enumeration of lichens growing in certain exotic regions]. Annales des Sciences Naturelles. Botanique. 4 (in Latin). 11: 205–264.
  16. ↑ Santesson, R. (1966). "On the typification of some lichen names published by Gmelin". Botaniska Notiser: 84.
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