St Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh (Episcopal)

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St Mary's Episcopal Cathedral
Cathedral Church of Saint Mary the Virgin
Cathair-eaglais Easbaigeach an Naoimh Moire
St Mary's Episcopal Cathedral Palmerston Place Edinburgh.jpg
Location map United Kingdom Edinburgh.png
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St Mary's Episcopal Cathedral
Location in Edinburgh; Palmerston Place EH12 5AW
55°56′55″N3°12′58″W / 55.94861°N 3.21611°W / 55.94861; -3.21611
LocationPalmerston Place, Edinburgh EH12 5AW
Country Scotland
Denomination Scottish Episcopal Church
Churchmanship Broad Church
Website www.cathedral.net
History
Dedication St Mary the Virgin
Specifications
Number of spires 3 (Main, 'Barbara' and 'Mary')
Spire height90 m (300 ft) (Main spire)
Bells12
Tenor bell weight41 long cwt (4,600 lb or 2,100 kg)
Administration
Diocese Edinburgh
Clergy
Bishop(s) Bishop of Edinburgh, Rt Revd Dr John Armes
Provost Very Revd John Conway
Vice-provost Revd Canon Dr Marion Chatterley
Priest(s) John Conway
Marion Chatterley
Revd Canon Professor Paul Foster
Janet Spence
NSM(s) Helen Hood
Chaplain(s) Revd Janet Spence
Laity
Organist(s) Duncan Ferguson
(Master of the Music & Organist)
Imogen Morgan
(Assistant Master of the Music & Organist)
Assistant Organist: Harvey Stansfield
Lay member(s) of chapter Dr Esther Elliott: Lay Reader
St Mary's interior, looking down the centre aisle, to the high altar St Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh, Scotland Vertical Panorama.jpg
St Mary's interior, looking down the centre aisle, to the high altar

The Cathedral Church of Saint Mary the Virgin, commonly known as St Mary's Episcopal Cathedral, [a] is a cathedral of the Scottish Episcopal Church in the West End of Edinburgh, Scotland; part of the worldwide Anglican Communion.

Contents

Its foundation stone was laid in Palmerston Place, on 21 May 1874 by the Duke of Buccleuch and Queensberry, and the building was consecrated on 30 October 1879.

St Mary's Episcopal Cathedral is the Mother Church of all Scottish Episcopal churches in the Edinburgh Diocese, which stretches from the Firth of Forth down to the English border. There are seven dioceses in Scotland. St Mary’s is the see of the Lord Bishop of Edinburgh, one of the seven bishops of the Scottish Episcopal Church.

It was designed in a Victorian Gothic revival style by architect Sir George Gilbert Scott. It has attained Category A listed building status, [1] and is part of the Old Town and New Town of Edinburgh World Heritage Site. [2] The cathedral is one of only three in the United Kingdom that feature three spires, the other two being Lichfield and Truro cathedrals. The main spire is 90 metres (295 ft) tall, making the building the tallest in the Edinburgh urban area. [3] The other two spires were completed in 1917. The Song School and the Chapter House were also added in later years.

History

Grave of Barbara and Mary Walker, Greyfriars Kirkyard The grave of Barbara and Mary Walker, Greyfriars Kirkyard.jpg
Grave of Barbara and Mary Walker, Greyfriars Kirkyard

In 1689, following the Glorious Revolution, Presbyterianism was restored in place of episcopacy in the national Church of Scotland. This led to the emergence of the Scottish Episcopal Church as a separate Christian denomination.

Edinburgh's historic St Giles' Cathedral was raised to cathedral status in 1633, the seat of the newly established Bishop of Edinburgh. However the rejection of episcopacy saw the cathedral converted to Presbyterian use. For a time the Episcopal residue of that congregation worshipped in an old woollen mill in Carrubber's Close, near the site of the present Old St Paul's Church. [4]

A bequest by Barbara and Mary Walker left the cathedral's site in Edinburgh's West End to the Episcopal Church alongside an endowment. administered by the Walker Trustees, allowing for the building of a cathedral dedicated to St Mary the Virgin. The sisters owned the surrounding Drumsheugh Estate and lived in Easter Coates House, which survives to the north of the cathedral. They were the granddaughters of the Rev. George Walker, the Episcopal minister of Oldmeldrum Church (1734–1781). Their father, William Walker, was Attorney in Exchequer, and Bearer of the White Rod of Scotland; their mother was Mary Drummond, daughter of George Drummond, six times Lord Provost of Edinburgh and initiator of the New Town. William Walker bought the Coates estate from the Byres family around 1800 and is remembered in the street names William Street and Walker Street round the corner from Manor Place. [5]

Design and construction

The cathedral was designed by Sir George Gilbert Scott and the foundation stone was laid on 21 May 1874 by the Duke of Buccleuch and Queensberry, whose family had been supportive of Scottish episcopacy over the previous hundred years. Inside the stone was placed a bottle containing a copy of the trust deed, the Edinburgh Post Office Directory, Oliver and Boyd's Almanac, newspapers and coins. The cathedral's builder was G. W. Booth and the clerk of works was Edwin Morgan. [1]

St Mary's Episcopal Cathedral has four main doors: the west, east, north and south doors. The cathedral's main entrance is the ornate west entrance, from Palmerston Place, which features Saint Peter and the key to the Kingdom of Heaven.

In preparation for the opening of the cathedral a congregation had been formed to worship in a temporary iron church erected on the site now occupied by the Song School. Beginning on 26 May 1876, it was ministered to by the dean, James Montgomery, and two chaplains, and grew rapidly. The nave of the cathedral was opened on 25 January 1879 and from that day, daily services have been held in the cathedral. The cathedral was consecrated on 30 October 1879 in the presence of about 200 clergy from around the country. [6]

The twin spires at the west end, known as "Barbara" and "Mary" after the Walker sisters, were not begun until 1913 and completed in 1917. The architect for these was Charles Marriott Oldrid Scott, Sir George's grandson. [7]

The reredos is designed by John Oldrid Scott and sculpted by Mary Grant. [8] The critic Sacheverell Sitwell condemned the design as "peerless for ugliness, unless it be for its own sister, Scott's St John's College chapel, at Cambridge". [9]

Music

Choral services

St Mary's Cathedral is the only cathedral in Scotland to maintain a tradition of daily choral services, for most of the year, with choristers drawn from its own choir school.

It was the first cathedral in Great Britain to employ girls in the treble line as well as boys, in 1978, when Dennis Townhill was organist and choir master. In 2005, St Mary's Cathedral became the first cathedral in the Anglican tradition to have a female alto singing in daily services.

Song School

The Song School was built in 1885. It was designed by John Oldrid Scott. It provided St Mary's choir with a rehearsal space which the choir use for their daily practice. It houses a second Father Willis organ (1829). The Song School walls are ornately decorated by the Irish-born artist Phoebe Anna Traquair. Guided tours of the Song School are available, at certain times during the year.

St Mary's Music School and choir

St Mary's Music School was founded to educate its choirboys. It continues to educate choristers of the cathedral and is now a separate specialist music school open to all pupils. [10]

Bells

There are ten original bells in the central tower of the cathedral hung for change ringing, with two further bells which have been added more recently. They were the gift of the first dean of St Mary's, James F. Montgomery. The bells were all cast by John Taylor & Co. of Loughborough to weight ratios defined by Lord Grimthorpe who was a leading bell designer of his day. This is one of only a few complete Grimthorpe rings still in existence. The tenor bell weighs 41 long cwt (4,600 lb or 2,100 kg). [11] The bells were dedicated on 29 October 1879. [12]

Festival Fringe venue

St Mary's Episcopal Cathedral (Venue 91) hosts classical concerts, coffee concerts, lunchtime recitals, art events and exhibitions, during the annual Edinburgh Festival Fringe.

St Mary's also has an active calendar of concerts, charity concerts, events and exhibitions throughout the year.

Organ

Since 1879 there has been an organ, which was built with a mechanical action by Father Henry Willis. It was changed to electro-pneumatic action in 1897 by Robert Hope-Jones. From 1931 to the present it has been maintained by Harrison & Harrison of Durham.

Nowadays its disposition consists of 57 stops.

Organists

T. H. Collinson Thomas Henry Collinson 001.jpg
T. H. Collinson

Provosts of the cathedral

The provost in the Scottish Episcopalian church is the senior priest of the cathedral, with responsibility for the mother church of the diocese. When the bishop officiates, the provost is assistant priest. They are formally addressed as The Very Reverend and more informally as Provost <first name> or simply <first name>.

Objects of interest

Memorials

James Montgomery effigy (1902) James F Montgomery effigy, St Mary's Cathedral.JPG
James Montgomery effigy (1902)

The war memorial is by Pilkington Jackson (1920).

Rood cross

The Lorimer rood cross was designed as part of the National War Memorial, and completed by Sir Robert Lorimer in 1922. It is positioned high aloft the nave altar, unmissable as eyes lift to view the high altar, or the east lancet windows beyond. It is a striking figure of Christ crucified on a background of Flanders poppies and decorated with golden winged angels.

Walter Scott's pew

Sir Walter Scott's pew Sir Walter Scott's pew.JPG
Sir Walter Scott's pew

Sir Walter Scott’s pew moved to the cathedral in 2006. Its first location was in St George's Church on York Place and was then moved in 1932 to St Paul's Church across the road when the two congregations amalgamated, and the latter building became St Paul's and St George's. [14]

Raised a Presbyterian in the Church of Scotland where he was ordained as an elder, in adult life he also adhered to the doctrine of the Scottish Episcopal Church.

Paolozzi’s ‘Millennium Window’

Projections of Sir Eduardo Paolozzi's Millennium Window onto pillars in the Resurrection Chapel of the cathedral St-Mary's-Cathedral-Paolozzi-Window-Light.jpg
Projections of Sir Eduardo Paolozzi's Millennium Window onto pillars in the Resurrection Chapel of the cathedral

The cathedral is home to a stained-glass window reworked as an artwork in the Modern Art genre for year 2000 by Eduardo Paolozzi who was born in Leith. The glasswork consists of a large rose window with three lancet windows below, in vibrant colours of glass which are designed to project onto stonework inside the cathedral on bright days.

It is visible from the south side of St Mary's from Bishop's Walk but is best viewed from inside with the light behind, from either the Resurrection Chapel on the south side, or beside the ornate wooden casing and pipework of St Mary's ‘Father Willis’ organ on the north side.

Prayer labyrinth

The south grounds of the cathedral are accessed from Bishop's Walk or from the south doors in the Resurrection Chapel when these stand open.

A prayer labyrinth designed by artists connected with the cathedral has been carved and sown with wild flowers, with help from others in the congregation of St Mary's. Unlike a maze, a labyrinth is a single continuous route, from entry point to centre. The prayer labyrinth frees you to think your own thoughts or prayers for others, as you follow the path, edged by wild flowers; to attract insects.

Depictions

An original painting of the cathedral by Judy Joel appears on the Second Class stamp in the Royal Mail's 2024 series of special Christmas stamps. [15]

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References

  1. 1 2 Historic Environment Scotland. "Palmerston Place, Cathedral Church of St Mary (Episcopal) (Category A Listed Building) (LB27441)" . Retrieved 18 March 2019.
  2. ↑ "St Mary's Episcopal Cathedral". Edinburgh World Heritage. Edinburgh World Heritage. Retrieved 3 April 2018.
  3. ↑ "St Mary's Episcopal Cathedral". Emporis . Archived from the original on 7 March 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  4. ↑ Ingram, Mary E. (1907). "A Jacobite Stronghold of the Church".
  5. ↑ The Closes and Wynds of the Old Town: Old Edinburgh Club.
  6. ↑ "Consecration Of A Cathedral In Edinburgh". The Times. No. 29714. London. p. 6. Gale   CS100973921.
  7. ↑ "Edinburgh Cathedral: The Building Completed". The Times. No. 41410. London. 23 February 1917. p. 9. Gale   CS153290839.
  8. ↑ Dictionary of British Sculptors
  9. ↑ Sitwell 1945, p. 189.
  10. ↑ "Welcome". www.stmarysmusicschool.co.uk. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  11. ↑ Dove Bellringer's Guide; 6th ed., 1982, p. 181
  12. ↑ "History of the Bells". www.edinburghcathedralringers.org.uk. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  13. ↑ Strange, Aidan (28 May 2017). "New Provost for St Mary's Cathedral Edinburgh". The Scottish Episcopal Church.
  14. ↑ Gifford, John (1984). Edinburgh. Middlesex, England: Penguin Books. p. 280. ISBN   014071068X.
  15. ↑ Williams, Craig (5 November 2024). "Scottish church to feature on one of Royal Mail's 2024 Christmas stamps". The Herald. Glasgow. p. 2. Retrieved 5 November 2024.

Sources

Notes

  1. ↑ Scottish Gaelic: Cathair-eaglais Easbaigeach an Naoimh Moire
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