| Stelechocarpus burahol | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Magnoliids |
| Order: | Magnoliales |
| Family: | Annonaceae |
| Genus: | Stelechocarpus |
| Species: | S. burahol |
| Binomial name | |
| Stelechocarpus burahol | |
| Synonyms [1] | |
| |
Stelechocarpus burahol, commonly known as kepel, is a plant in the custard apple family Annonaceae, native to the humid evergreen forests of Malesia, [1] and known for its edible fruit. It is cultivated only in Java, Indonesia. [3]
Stelechocarpus burahol is a tree growing up to about 25 m (82 ft) tall with a trunk reaching 40 cm (16 in) diameter. It has a conical crown and the bark is dark brown or black and scaly. Leaves are leathery with conspicuous veins, and measure up to 27 cm (11 in) long by 9 cm (3.5 in) wide. New leaves are deep red in colour, and transition through light pink, light green and finally dark green at maturity. [4] [5] [6]
The flowers are borne on the trunk and branches. This species is monoecious, meaning that distinct female and male flowers are borne on the same plants. Male flowers occur on the branches and upper trunk, while female flowers occur on the lower parts (thus the fruit is also produced on the lower parts). Flowers are produced in clusters of 8—16 and are initially pale green, but lose colour as they mature. Male flowers are about 1 cm (0.39 in) wide and female flowers are about 3 cm (1.2 in) wide. The fruit is brown when mature and contains up to 6 seeds. [4] [5] [6]
This tree was first described as Uvaria burahol by the German botanist Carl Ludwig Blume in 1825, however the British botanists Joseph Dalton Hooker and Thomas Thomson transferred it to their newly created genus Stelechocarpus in 1855, published in their work Flora Indica: Being a Systematic Account of the Plants of British India.
In English this plant is known as kepel or kepel apple. In Indonesia it is known as kepel, kecindul, simpol, burahol and turalok. [5]
It is believed that this tree is a "palace tree", and should only be planted near palaces. It can be found at Kraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat (the Royal Palace of Yogyakarta), Taman Mini Indonesia Indah theme park in Jakarta, Taman Kiai Langgeng Magelang (a 28 Ha park in the city of Magelang where rare species are studied) and Bogor Botanical Gardens. [5] [6]
This species is the identity plant of Daerah Istimewa Jogjakarta. It is a symbol of unity, mental and physical integrity, and also represents hospitality. It has long been used by Indonesian royalty as an oral deodorant, body deodorant, perfume, and as a contraceptive. It is also believed to prevent inflammation of the kidneys. [5] [6] The wood can be made into house tools, the leaves used to lower cholesterol.[ citation needed ]
Rambutan is a medium-sized tropical tree in the family Sapindaceae. The name also refers to the edible fruit produced by this tree. The rambutan is native to Southeast Asia. It is closely related to several other edible tropical fruits, including the lychee, longan, pulasan, and quenepa.
The papaya, papaw, or pawpaw is the plant species Carica papaya, one of the 21 accepted species in the genus Carica of the family Caricaceae, and also the name of its fruit. It was first domesticated in Mesoamerica, within modern-day southern Mexico and Central America. It is grown in several countries in regions with a tropical climate. In 2022, India produced 38% of the world's supply of papayas.
The jackfruit is a species of tree in the fig, mulberry, and breadfruit family (Moraceae). The jackfruit is the largest tree fruit, reaching as much as 55 kg in weight, 90 cm in length, and 50 cm in diameter. A mature jackfruit tree produces some 200 fruits per year, with older trees bearing up to 500 fruits in a year. The jackfruit is a multiple fruit composed of hundreds to thousands of individual flowers, and the fleshy petals of the unripe fruit are eaten.
The Annonaceae are a family of flowering plants consisting of trees, shrubs, or rarely lianas commonly known as the custard apple family or soursop family. With 108 accepted genera and about 2400 known species, it is the largest family in the Magnoliales. Several genera produce edible fruit, most notably Annona, Anonidium, Asimina, Rollinia, and Uvaria. Its type genus is Annona. The family is concentrated in the tropics, with few species found in temperate regions. About 900 species are Neotropical, 450 are Afrotropical, and the remaining are Indomalayan.
Hoya is a genus of over 500 accepted species of tropical plants in the dogbane family, Apocynaceae. Most are native to several countries of Asia such as the Philippines, India, Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Polynesia, New Guinea, and many species are also found in Australia.
Pandanus tectorius is a species of Pandanus (screwpine) that is native to Malesia, Papuasia, eastern Australia, and the Pacific Islands. It grows in the coastal lowlands typically near the edge of the ocean. Common names in English include thatch screwpine, Tahitian screwpine, hala tree and pandanus. The fruit is edible and sometimes known as hala fruit.
Hymenosporum is a monotypic genus of trees in the family Pittosporaceae. The sole included species is Hymenosporum flavum, commonly known as native frangipani, found in the rainforests and wet sclerophyll forests of New Guinea, Queensland and New South Wales. Despite its common name, it is not closely related to the frangipani, but is related to the widespread genus Pittosporum.
Saribus rotundifolius, also known as the footstool palm, is a common fan palm found in Southeast Asia. It is a member of the genus Saribus.
Korthalsia is a clustering genus of flowering plant in the palm family spread throughout Southeast Asia. It is a highly specialized rattan with some species known to have an intimate relationship with ants, hence the common name ant rattan. High-climbing and armed with spines, the genus is named for the Dutch botanist P. W. Korthals who first collected them from Indonesia.
Myristica fragrans is an evergreen tree indigenous to the Maluku Islands of Indonesia. It is important as the main source of the spices nutmeg and mace. It is widely grown across the tropics including Guangdong and Yunnan in China, Taiwan, Indonesia, Malaysia, Grenada in the Caribbean, Kerala in India, Sri Lanka and South America.
Auranticarpa rhombifolia is a rainforest tree of eastern Australia. Known as the diamond leaf pittosporum, this tree is planted in many parts of Australia as an ornamental. The white flowers and orange fruit make it a most appealing street or garden tree. Other common names include hollywood, diamond leaf laurel, white myrtle and white holly.
Atractocarpus fitzalanii, commonly known as the brown gardenia or yellow mangosteen, is a species of plant in the coffee and madder family Rubiaceae. It is found in coastal parts of tropical Queensland, Australia. The beautifully scented flowers and glossy foliage has seen this plant enter cultivation in gardens of eastern Australia.
Cryptocarya floydii, commonly known as Glenugie laurel or gorge laurel is a species of flowering plant in the family Lauraceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a tree with lance-shaped leaves, pale green tube-shaped flowers, and spherical black drupes.
Petalostigma triloculare, known as the long-leaved bitter bark is a rainforest tree of eastern Australia. It occurs in the drier rainforests, often on sandy soil derived from granite or sandstone, and is sometimes seen on old sand dunes.
Toona sureni is a species of tree in the mahogany family. It is native to South Asia, Indochina, Malesia, China, and Papua New Guinea. It is commonly known as the suren toon, surian, limpaga, iron redwood or the red cedar. It is also known as the Indonesian mahogany or the Vietnamese mahogany. The species is a valuable timber tree.
Goniocheton arborescens, commonly known in Australia as Mossman mahogany, is a small tree in the mahogany family Meliaceae. It is native to rainforests of Malesia, Papuasia, Queensland and nearby islands.
Drypetes gerrardii is a species of small tree or large shrub in the family Putranjivaceae. Common names include forest ironplum, bastard white ironwood, and forest ironwood. It is native to tropical and subtropical central and eastern Africa. It was first described in 1920 by the English botanist John Hutchinson, who named it after the English botanist William Tyrer Gerrard who collected plants and seeds in southern Africa in the 1860s.
Pseuduvaria froggattii is a rare species of tree which is restricted to a very small part of northeastern Queensland, Australia. It is a member of the custard apple and soursop family Annonaceae, and was first described in 1887. Despite the small range its status considered to be least concern.
Atractocarpus sessilis, commonly known as brown randia, is an evergreen shrub in the family Rubiaceae. It is native to both Queensland, Australia, and Papua New Guinea (PNG).
Ryparosa kurrangii is a rare plant in the family Achariaceae which is endemic to a very small part of the Queensland tropical rain forests. It is a small tree growing under the rainforest canopy, producing its flowers and fruit on the lower part of the trunk. It was previously considered to be a form of the Ryparosa javanica complex of species.
