The Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) is an emergency stockpile of petroleum maintained by the United States Department of Energy (DOE). It is the largest publicly known emergency supply in the world; its underground tanks in Louisiana and Texas have capacity for 714 million barrels (113,500,000 m3). The United States started the petroleum reserve in 1975 to mitigate future supply disruptions as part of the international Agreement on an International Energy Program, after oil supplies were interrupted during the 1973–1974 oil embargo.
Oil India Limited (OIL) is a central public sector undertaking engaged in the business of exploration, development and production of crude oil and natural gas, transportation of crude oil and production of liquid petroleum gas. The central public sector undertaking is a Maharanta, with the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas overseeing its operations. Headquartered in Duliajan, Assam, the company has its offices in Duliajan, Noida, Guwahati and Jodhpur.
Global strategic petroleum reserves (GSPR) refer to crude oil inventories held by the government of a particular country, as well as private industry, to safeguard the economy and help maintain national security during an energy crisis. Strategic reserves are intended to be used to cover short-term supply disruptions.
The Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited (ONGC) is an Indian central public sector undertaking under the ownership of Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, Government of India. The company is headquartered in New Delhi. ONGC was founded on 14 August 1956 by the Government of India. It is the largest government-owned-oil and gas explorer and producer in the country and produces around 70 percent of India's domestic production of crude oil and around 84 percent of natural gas. In November 2010, the Government of India conferred the Maharatna status to ONGC.
Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL) is an Indian public sector undertaking (PSU) under the ownership of the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas,Government of India. It operates three refineries in Bina, Kochi and Mumbai. BPCL is India's second-largest government-owned downstream oil producer, whose operations are overseen by the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas. BPCL was ranked 309th on the Fortune list of the world's biggest PSUs in 2020, and 792nd on Forbes's "Global 2000" list in 2021.
Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL), commonly referred to as HPCL, is a subsidiary of Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) which is in turn under the ownership of the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, Government of India. It is headquartered in Mumbai. Since 2018, Oil and Natural Gas Corporation has owned majority of its stake. It is ranked 367th on the Fortune Global 500 list of the world's biggest corporations as of 2016. On 24 October 2019, it became a Maharatna (PSU). HPCL lives the mantra of Delivering Happiness, through safety, sustainable growth, and helping the community.
The energy policy of India is to increase the locally produced energy in India and reduce energy poverty, with more focus on developing alternative sources of energy, particularly nuclear, solar and wind energy. Net energy import dependency was 40.9% in 2021-22.
Hindustan Construction Company Limited(HCC) is an Indian multinational engineering and construction company headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra. The company was founded by Industrialist Seth Walchand Hirachand in 1926.
The oil-storage trade, also referred to as contango, is a market strategy in which large, often vertically-integrated oil companies purchase oil for immediate delivery and storage—when the price of oil is low— and hold it in storage until the price of oil increases. Investors bet on the future of oil prices through a financial instrument, oil futures in which they agree on a contract basis, to buy or sell oil at a set date in the future. Crude oil is stored in salt mines, tanks and oil tankers.
Industrial and commercial activities dominate Mangalore's economy. Mangalore is the only city in the state of Karnataka to have all modes of transport — air, road, rail and sea — as well as being one of only five cities in India to have both a major port and an international airport. Around 75% of India's coffee, timber and cashew nuts exports are handled by the New Mangalore Port. Mangalore International Airport is one of only two international airports in Karnataka; the other being Bangalore's Kempegowda International Airport. Mangalore is the fastest growing non-metropolitan area in South India and the second largest business centre in Karnataka. The city has some of the tallest buildings in South India, with many more under construction.
Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals Limited (MRPL), is a division of Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) which is under the ownership of the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas of the Government of India. Established in 1988, the refinery is located at Katipalla, north from the centre of Mangalore. The refinery was established after displacing five villages, namely, Bala, Kalavar, Kuthetoor, Katipalla, and Adyapadi.
Kandla–Bhatinda Oil Pipeline (KBPL) was started in 1993 and it was commissioned in 1996. It is the largest oil pipeline in India. However, the first engineering firm to work on the project, Škoda Export, did not complete the job and fresh bids had to be taken in 1996. The total length is 1443 km with a capacity of 6.0 million tonnes per year. It was recommissioned later the same year. The pipeline transports oil brought into India to consumers of North India which is land locked. The pipeline is owned by Indian Oil Corporation. Initially, it was a product pipeline. Now it is a crude oil pipeline from Kandla to Panipat and subsequently it is a product pipeline up to Bhatinda.
The Strategic Petroleum Reserve is an emergency fuel store of oil maintained by the People's Republic of China National Development and Reform Commission. China does not officially report its volume, but as of 2016 the SPR was estimated to hold approximately 400 million barrels in total, out of a capacity of around 500 million barrels.
Mundra Port is India's first private port and largest container port, located on the northern shores of the Gulf of Kutch near Mundra, Kutch district, Gujarat. Formerly operated by Mundra Port and Special Economic Zone Limited (MPSEZ) owned by Adani Group, it was later expanded into Adani Ports & SEZ Limited (APSEZ) managing several ports. In FY 2020–21, Mundra Port handled 144.4 million tonnes of cargo.
Cairn India was an Indian oil and gas exploration and production company, headquartered in Gurgaon, India. The company was merged with Vedanta Limited.
Paradip Refinery is an oil refinery set up by Indian Oil Corporation in Paradip city in the state of Odisha. The installed capacity of this refinery is 15 million tonnes per year. This refinery is spread over approximately 3,345 acres of land and is situated approximately 5 km southwest from the Paradip Port.
The Uganda National Oil Company (UNOC), also known as the National Oil Company of Uganda, is a limited liability petroleum company in Uganda owned by the Ugandan government. The 2013 Petroleum Act of Uganda provides for the establishment of the national oil company. UNOC's board of directors was inaugurated on 23 October 2015 by the president of Uganda.
Indian Oil Corporation Limited is an Indian multinational oil and gas company under the ownership of the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, Government of India. It is headquartered in New Delhi. It is a public sector undertaking whose operations are overseen by the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas. Indian Oil is ranked 94th on the Fortune Global 500 list of the world's biggest corporations as of 2022. It is the largest government owned oil producer in the country both in terms of capacity and revenue.It has consolidated refining capacity of 80.55MMTPA which it intends to increase to 107MMTPA by 2024-25. As of 31 March 2021, Indian Oil's employee strength is 31,648, out of which 17,762 are executives and 13,876 non-executives, while 2,776 are women, comprising 8.77% of the total workforce.
The petroleum industry in India dates back to 1889 when the first oil deposits in the country were discovered near the town of Digboi in the state of Assam. The natural gas industry in India began in the 1960s with the discovery of gas fields in Assam and Maharashtra. As on 31 March 2018, India had estimated crude oil reserves of 594.49 million metric tonnes (Mt) and natural gas reserves of 1339.57 billion cubic metres of natural gas (BCM).
Padur is a village in the Udupi district of Karnataka. It is best known for being one of the locations of the Indian strategic petroleum reserves.
