| Strongylocentrotus | |
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| Strongylocentrotus purpuratus | |
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| Genus: | Strongylocentrotus |
Strongylocentrotus is a genus of sea urchins in the family Strongylocentrotidae containing several species.
The World Register of Marine Species includes: [1]
| Image | Scientific name | Common Name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
| Strongylocentrotus djakonovi Baranova, 1957 | Bering Sea | ||
 | Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis (Müller, 1776) | green sea urchin | the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans to a northerly latitude of 81 degrees and as far south as the Puget Sound (Washington State) and England |
 | Strongylocentrotus intermedius (Agassiz, 1863) | Sea of Japan, Pacific Ocean | |
 | Strongylocentrotus pallidus (Sars, 1871) | Norway, off Russia from the Barents Sea down to the central part of the Sea of Japan | |
| Strongylocentrotus polyacanthus Agassiz and H. L. Clark, 1907 | off Simushir Island | ||
| Strongylocentrotus pulchellus Agassiz & H.L. Clark, 1907 | Gulf of Jantary, SW coast of Sachalin | ||
 | Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (Stimpson, 1857) | purple sea urchin | Pacific Ocean extending from Ensenada, Mexico to British Columbia, Canada. |
Sea urchins are spiny, globular echinoderms in the class Echinoidea. About 950 species of sea urchin are distributed on the seabeds of every ocean and inhabit every depth zone from the intertidal seashore down to 5,000 meters. The spherical, hard shells (tests) of sea urchins are round and covered in spines. Most urchin spines range in length from 3 to 10 cm, with outliers such as the black sea urchin possessing spines as long as 30 cm (12 in). Sea urchins move slowly, crawling with tube feet, and also propel themselves with their spines. Although algae are the primary diet, sea urchins also eat slow-moving (sessile) animals. Predators that eat sea urchins include a wide variety of fish, starfish, crabs, marine mammals, and humans.
Kelp forests are underwater areas with a high density of kelp, which covers a large part of the world's coastlines. Smaller areas of anchored kelp are called kelp beds. They are recognized as one of the most productive and dynamic ecosystems on Earth. Although algal kelp forest combined with coral reefs only cover 0.1% of Earth's total surface, they account for 0.9% of global primary productivity. Kelp forests occur worldwide throughout temperate and polar coastal oceans. In 2007, kelp forests were also discovered in tropical waters near Ecuador.
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, the purple sea urchin, lives along the eastern edge of the Pacific Ocean extending from Ensenada, Mexico, to British Columbia, Canada. This sea urchin species is deep purple in color, and lives in lower inter-tidal and nearshore sub-tidal communities. Its eggs are orange when secreted in water. January, February, and March function as the typical active reproductive months for the species. Sexual maturity is reached around two years. It normally grows to a diameter of about 10 cm (4 inches) and may live as long as 70 years.
Solaster paxillatus, the orange sun star, is a species of starfish found at varying depths in the northern Pacific Ocean. It is a natural predator of the starfish Asterias amurensis.
Bald sea urchin disease is a bacterial disease known to affect several species of sea urchins in the Mediterranean Sea, North Atlantic and along the California coastline. Research suggests two pathogens are responsible for the disease, Listonella anguillarum and Aeromonas salmonicida.
Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis is commonly known as the green sea urchin because of its characteristic green color. This is unfortunate as Psammechinus miliaris is also called the green sea urchin. It is commonly found in northern waters all around the world including both the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans to a northerly latitude of 81 degrees and as far south as Maine and England. The average adult size is around 50 mm (2 in), but it has been recorded at a diameter of 87 mm (3.4 in). The green sea urchin prefers to eat seaweeds but will eat other organisms. They are eaten by a variety of predators, including sea stars, crabs, large fish, mammals, birds, and humans. The species name "droebachiensis" is derived from the name of the town Drøbak in Norway.
Paramoeba is a genus of common parasites, including species that can cause infection in fish, crabs, sea urchins and others.
Eucidaris tribuloides, the slate pencil urchin, is a species of cidaroid sea urchins that inhabits littoral regions of the Atlantic Ocean. As a member of the basal echinoid order Cidaroida, its morphological, developmental and molecular genetic characteristics make it a phylogenetically interesting species.
The Camarodonta are an order of globular sea urchins in the class Echinoidea. The fossil record shows that camarodonts have been in existence since the Lower Cretaceous.
Sphaerechinus granularis is a species of sea urchin in the family Toxopneustidae, commonly known as the violet sea urchin, or sometimes the purple sea urchin. Its range includes the Mediterranean Sea and eastern Atlantic Ocean.
Pterygophora californica is a large species of kelp, commonly known as stalked kelp. It is the only species in its genus Pterygophora. It grows in shallow water on the Pacific coast of North America where it forms part of a biodiverse community in a "kelp forest". It is sometimes also referred to as woody-stemmed kelp, walking kelp, or winged kelp.
Marthasterias is a genus of starfish in the family Asteriidae. It is monotypic and the only species in the genus is Marthasterias glacialis, commonly known as the spiny starfish. It is native to the eastern Atlantic Ocean.
Strongylocentrotus fragilis is a species of sea urchin of the family Strongylocentrotidae.
Roseivirga echinicomitans is a species of Gram-negative bacteria that belongs to the family Flammeovirgaceae. It is a strictly aerobic, heterotrophic, pink-pigmented, non-motile bacterium from the genus Roseivirga. It was first isolated from the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius.
Mariniflexile is a genus in the phylum Bacteroidota (Bacteria). The various species have been recovered from sea water, sea urchins, springs, brackish water, and an oyster.
Strongylocentrotus pallidus or Pale sea urchin is a species of sea urchin found in rocky areas in Norway, off Russia from the Barents Sea down to the central part of the Sea of Japan.
Strongylocentrotus intermedius is a species of sea urchin described by Alexander Agassiz in 1864.
Lutibacter holmesii is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Lutibacter which has been isolated from a sea urchin from the Troitsa Bay in the Sea of Japan.
Winogradskyella echinorum is a bacterium from the genus Winogradskyella which has been isolated from the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius.
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