Stygobromus

Stygobromus
Stygobromus kenki
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Malacostraca
Order:	Amphipoda
Family:	Crangonyctidae
Genus:	Stygobromus Cope, 1872  [1]
Type species
Stygobromus vitreus Cope, 1872  [2]

Stygobromus is a genus of amphipod crustaceans that live in subterranean habitats. The majority of the listed species are endemic to North America (one from Canada, the rest from the United States), ^[3] a smaller number of species are also known from Eurasia. ^[4] Most of the North American species live in areas which were not covered by the Laurentide Ice Sheet, although a few species seem to have survived under the ice. ^[5] A number of species are on the IUCN Red List as endangered species (EN) or vulnerable species (VU); one species, S. lucifugus , is extinct.

Stygobromus includes the following species: ^{[1] [6]}

• Stygobromus abditus Holsinger, 1978 (Virginia)
• Stygobromus ackerlyi Holsinger, 1978 (Georgia)
• Stygobromus alabamensis (Stout, 1911)
• Stygobromus albapinus Taylor & Holsinger, 2011 (Nevada) ^[7]
• Stygobromus allegheniensis (Holsinger, 1967) (New York to West Virginia)
• Stygobromus ambulans (F. Müller, 1846)
• Stygobromus amicus Holsinger, 2014
• Stygobromus anastasiae Sidorov, Holsinger & Takhteev, 2010 (Siberia, Russia) ^[4]
• Stygobromus apscheronia (Derzhavin, 1945) (Azerbaijan)
• Stygobromus araeus (Holsinger, 1969) ^[8] (Virginia, North Carolina)
• Stygobromus arizonensis Holsinger, 1974 ^[9] (Arizona)
• Stygobromus bakeri Gibson & Hutchins in Gibson, Hutchins, Krejca, Diaz & Sprouse, 2021
• Stygobromus balconis (Hubricht, 1943) ^[10] (Texas)
• Stygobromus baroodyi Holsinger, 1978 (Virginia)
• Stygobromus barri (Holsinger, 1967) ^[11] (Missouri)
• Stygobromus barryi Holsinger, 1978 (Tennessee)
• Stygobromus behningi (Birstein, 1948)
• Stygobromus bifurcatus (Holsinger, 1967) ^[12] (Texas)
• Stygobromus biggersi Holsinger, 1978 (Virginia to Pennsylvania)
• Stygobromus blinni Wang & Holsinger, 2001
• Stygobromus borealis Holsinger, 1978 (Vermont, New York)
• Stygobromus boultoni Wang & Holsinger, 2001
• Stygobromus bowmani (Holsinger, 1967) ^[13] (Oklahoma)
• Stygobromus caecilius Holsinger, 2011
• Stygobromus canadensis Holsinger, 1980 (Alberta, Canada)
• Stygobromus carolinensis Holsinger, 1978 (North Carolina)
• Stygobromus chamberlaini Ellis, 1941
• Stygobromus cherylae Wang & Holsinger, 2001
• Stygobromus clantoni (Creaser, 1934) ^[14] (Kansas, Missouri)
• Stygobromus coeca (Dobraenu & Manolache, 1951)
• Stygobromus coloradensis Ward, 1977
• Stygobromus conradi (Holsinger, 1967) ^[15] (Virginia)
• Stygobromus cooperi (Holsinger, 1967) ^[16] (West Virginia)
• Stygobromus cowani Wang & Holsinger, 2001
• Stygobromus culveri Holsinger, 1978 (West Virginia)
• Stygobromus cumberlandus Holsinger, 1978 (Virginia)
• Stygobromus curroae Wang & Holsinger, 2001
• Stygobromus dejectus (Holsinger, 1967) ^[17] (Texas)
• Stygobromus dentata (Hubricht, 1943)
• Stygobromus dershavini (Behning, 1928)
• Stygobromus dicksoni Holsinger, 1978 (Alabama, Georgia)
• Stygobromus donensis (Martynov, 1919)
• Stygobromus doughertyensis Cannizzaro & Sawicki in Cannizzaro, Balding, Stine & Sawicki, 2019
• Stygobromus duplus Wang & Holsinger, 2001
• Stygobromus elatus (Holsinger, 1967) ^[18] (Arkansas)
• Stygobromus elliotti Holsinger, 1974
• Stygobromus emarginatus (Hubricht, 1943) ^[19] (Maryland, West Virginia)
• Stygobromus ephemerus (Holsinger, 1969) ^[20] (Virginia)
• Stygobromus estesi Holsinger, 1978 (Virginia)
• Stygobromus exilis Hubricht, 1943
• Stygobromus fecundus Holsinger, 1978 (Tennessee)
• Stygobromus felleri Holsinger, 2011
• Stygobromus fergusoni Holsinger, 1978 (Virginia)
• Stygobromus finleyi Holsinger, 1978 (Tennessee)
• Stygobromus flagellatus (J. E. Benedict, 1896) ^[21] (Texas)
• Stygobromus floridanus Holsinger & Sawicki, 2016
• Stygobromus foliatus Holsinger, 2011
• Stygobromus fontinalis Wang & Holsinger, 2001
• Stygobromus franzi Holsinger, 1978 (Maryland)
• Stygobromus gallawayae Wang & Holsinger, 2001
• Stygobromus glacialis Wang & Holsinger, 2001
• Stygobromus gracilipes (Holsinger, 1967) (Virginia to Pennsylvania)
• Stygobromus gradyi Holsinger, 1974 ^[22] (California)
• Stygobromus grahami Holsinger, 1974
• Stygobromus grandis Holsinger, 1978 (Georgia)
• Stygobromus hadenoecus (Holsinger, 1966) ^[23] (Texas)
• Stygobromus harai Holsinger, 1974 ^[24] (California)
• Stygobromus hayi (Hubricht & Mackin, 1940) ^[25] (District of Columbia)
• Stygobromus herbsti Wang & Holsinger, 2001
• Stygobromus heteropodus Hubricht, 1943 ^[26] (Missouri)
• Stygobromus hoffmani Holsinger, 1978 (Virginia)
• Stygobromus holsingeri Ward, 1977
• Stygobromus hubbardi Holsinger, 2009
• Stygobromus hubbsi Shoemaker, 1942 ^[27] (Oregon)
• Stygobromus hyporheicus Wang & Holsinger, 2001
• Stygobromus hyrcana (Dershavin, 1939)
• Stygobromus idahoensis Wang & Holsinger, 2001
• Stygobromus imperialis Wang & Holsinger, 2001
• Stygobromus indentatus (Holsinger, 1967) ^[28] (Maryland, North Carolina and Virginia)
• Stygobromus inexpectatus Holsinger, 1978 (Alabama)
• Stygobromus interitus Holsinger, 1978 (Virginia)
• Stygobromus intermedia (Dobreanu, Manolache & Piascariu, 1952)
• Stygobromus interstitialis Wang & Holsinger, 2001
• Stygobromus iowae Hubricht, 1943
• Stygobromus jakutana (Martynov, 1931)
• Stygobromus jemezensis Wang & Holsinger, 2001
• Stygobromus johanseni (Shoemaker, 1920)
• Stygobromus kazakhstanica Kulkina, 1992
• Stygobromus kenki Holsinger, 1978 (District of Columbia, Virginia)
• Stygobromus lacicolus Holsinger, 1974
• Stygobromus lanensis Wang & Holsinger, 2001
• Stygobromus latus Wang & Holsinger, 2001
• Stygobromus leensis Holsinger, 1978 (Virginia)
• Stygobromus lepida (Mateus & Mateus, 1991)
• Stygobromus levanidovae (G. Karaman, 1991)
• Stygobromus limbus Wang & Holsinger, 2001
• Stygobromus longidactylus (S. Karaman, 1929)
• Stygobromus longipes (Holsinger, 1966) ^[29] (Texas)
• † Stygobromus lucifugus (Hay, 1882) ^[30] (Illinois)
• Stygobromus mackenziei Holsinger, 1974 ^[31] (California)
• Stygobromus mackini Hubricht, 1943 (Tennessee to West Virginia)
• Stygobromus meschtscherica (Borutsky, 1929)
• Stygobromus mikhaili Sidorov, Holsinger & Takhteev, 2010 (Siberia, Russia) ^[4]
• Stygobromus minutus Holsinger, 1978 (Georgia)
• Stygobromus montanensis Holsinger, 1974 (Montana)
• Stygobromus montanus (Holsinger, 1967) ^[32] (Arkansas)
• Stygobromus morrisoni (Holsinger, 1967) ^[33] (Virginia, West Virginia)
• Stygobromus mundus (Holsinger, 1967) ^[34] (Virginia)
• Stygobromus myersae Wang & Holsinger, 2001
• Stygobromus mysticus Holsinger, 1974
• Stygobromus nanus Holsinger, 1978 (West Virginia)
• Stygobromus nortoni (Holsinger, 1969) ^[35] (Tennessee)
• Stygobromus obrutus Holsinger, 1978 (Virginia)
• Stygobromus obscurus Holsinger, 1974
• Stygobromus onondagaensis (Hubricht & Mackin, 1940) ^[36] (Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri and Oklahoma)
• Stygobromus oregonensis Holsinger, 1974 (Oregon)
• Stygobromus ozarkensis (Holsinger, 1967) ^[37] (Arkansas, Missouri and Oklahoma)
• Stygobromus parvus (Holsinger, 1969) ^[38] (West Virginia)
• Stygobromus paxillus Holsinger, 2011
• Stygobromus pecki (Holsinger, 1967) ^[39] (Texas)
• Stygobromus pennaki Ward, 1977
• Stygobromus philareti (Birstein, 1948)
• Stygobromus phreaticus Holsinger, 1978 (Virginia)
• Stygobromus pizzinii (Shoemaker, 1938) ^[40] (District of Columbia, Maryland, Pennsylvania and Virginia)
• Stygobromus pollostus Holsinger, 1978 (Virginia)
• Stygobromus pseudospinosus Holsinger, 1978 (Virginia)
• Stygobromus putealis (Holmes, 1909) ^[41] (Wisconsin)
• Stygobromus puteanus Holsinger, 1974
• Stygobromus quatsinensis Holsinger & Shaw, 1987
• Stygobromus rallus Wang & Holsinger, 2001
• Stygobromus redactus Holsinger, 1978 (West Virginia)
• Stygobromus reddelli (Holsinger, 1966) ^[42] (Texas)
• Stygobromus rudolphi Wang & Holsinger, 2001
• Stygobromus russelli (Holsinger, 1967) (Texas)
• Stygobromus saltuaris Wang & Holsinger, 2001
• Stygobromus secundus Bousfield & Holsinger, 1981
• Stygobromus sheldoni Holsinger, 1974
• Stygobromus sierrensis Holsinger, 1974
• Stygobromus simplex Wang & Holsinger, 2001
• Stygobromus smithi Hubricht, 1943 ^[43] (Alabama)
• Stygobromus sparsus Holsinger, 1978 (Tennessee)
• Stygobromus spinatus (Holsinger, 1967) ^[44] (West Virginia)
• Stygobromus spinosus (Hubricht & Mackin, 1940) (Virginia)
• Stygobromus stegerorum Holsinger, 1978 (Virginia)
• Stygobromus stellmacki (Holsinger, 1967) ^[45] (Pennsylvania)
• Stygobromus subtilis (Hubricht, 1943) ^[46] (Illinois, Michigan and Missouri)
• Stygobromus tahoensis Holsinger, 1974
• Stygobromus tenuis (S. I. Smith, 1874) (Connecticut to Maryland)
• Stygobromus trinus Wang & Holsinger, 2001
• Stygobromus tritus Holsinger, 1974
• Stygobromus urospinatus Wang & Holsinger, 2001
• Stygobromus utahensis Wang & Holsinger, 2001 (Utah)
• Stygobromus vitreus Cope, 1872
• Stygobromus wahkeenensis Wang & Holsinger, 2001
• Stygobromus wardi Wang & Holsinger, 2001
• Stygobromus wengerorum Holsinger, 1974 ^[47] (California)

References

1. "Stygobromus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
2. John R. Holsinger (1978). "Systematics of the subterranean amphipod genus Stygobromus (Gammaridae). Part II: Species of the Eastern United States". Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology . 266 (266): 1–144. doi:10.5479/si.00810282.266.
3. David C. Culver; John R. Holsinger; Mary C. Christman & Tanja Pipan (2010). "Morphological differences among eyeless amphipods in the genus Stygobromus dwelling in different subterranean habitats" (PDF). Journal of Crustacean Biology . 30 (1): 68–74. Bibcode:2010JCBio..30...68C. doi: 10.1651/09-3156.1 .
4. Sidorov, D.A.; Holsinger, J.R.; Takhteev, V.V. (2010). "Two new species of the subterranean amphipod genus Stygobromus (Amphipoda: Crangonyctidae) from Siberia, with new data on Stygobromus pusillus (Martynov) and remarks on morphology and biogeographic relationships". Zootaxa. 2478: 41–58. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2478.1.2.
5. John R. Holsinger. "Stygobromus – Distribution Map". Old Dominion University . Retrieved June 24, 2010.
6. Daneliya, Mikhail (2019). "Stygobromus Cope, 1872". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 29 September 2025.
7. Steven Taylor & John Holsinger (2011). "A new species of the subterranean amphipod crustacean genus Stygobromus (Crangonyctidae) from a cave in Nevada, USA" (PDF). Subterranean Biology . 8: 39–48. doi: 10.3897/subtbiol.8.1230 .
8. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus araeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 1996 e.T20973A9240768. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T20973A9240768.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
9. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus arizonensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 1996 e.T20974A9240867. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T20974A9240867.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
10. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus balconis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 1996 e.T21013A9244273. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T21013A9244273.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
11. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus barri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 1996 e.T20976A9240966. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T20976A9240966.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
12. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus bifurcatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 1996 e.T20977A9241065. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T20977A9241065.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
13. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus bowmani". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 1996 e.T20978A9241164. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T20978A9241164.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
14. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus clantoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 1996 e.T20979A9241263. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T20979A9241263.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
15. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus conradi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 1996 e.T20980A9241510. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T20980A9241510.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
16. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus cooperi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 1996 e.T20981A9241609. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T20981A9241609.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
17. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus dejectus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 1996 e.T20982A9241708. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T20982A9241708.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
18. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus elatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 1996 e.T20983A9235267. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T20983A9235267.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
19. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus emarginatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 1996 e.T20984A9235396. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T20984A9235396.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
20. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus ephemerus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 1996 e.T20985A9235656. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T20985A9235656.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
21. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus flagellatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 1996 e.T20986A9235526. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T20986A9235526.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
22. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus gradyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 1996 e.T20987A9235786. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T20987A9235786.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
23. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus hadenoecus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 1996 e.T20988A9235916. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T20988A9235916.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
24. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus harai". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 1996 e.T20989A9241807. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T20989A9241807.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
25. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus hayi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 1996 e.T20990A9241906. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T20990A9241906.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
26. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus heteropodus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 1996 e.T20991A9242005. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T20991A9242005.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
27. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus hubbsi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 1996 e.T20992A9242104. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T20992A9242104.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
28. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus identatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 1996 e.T20993A9242203. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T20993A9242203.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
29. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus longipes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 1996 e.T20994A9242306. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T20994A9242306.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
30. World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Stygobromus lucifugus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 1996 e.T20995A9242405. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T20995A9242405.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
31. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus mackenziei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 1996 e.T20996A9242501. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T20996A9242501.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
32. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus montanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 1996 e.T20997A9242600. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T20997A9242600.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
33. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus morrisoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 1996 e.T20998A9242699. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T20998A9242699.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
34. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus mundus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 1996 e.T21014A9244384. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T21014A9244384.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
35. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus nortoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 1996 e.T21000A9242894. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T21000A9242894.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
36. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus onondagaensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 1996 e.T21001A9242993. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T21001A9242993.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
37. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus ozarkensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 1996 e.T21002A9243092. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T21002A9243092.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
38. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus parvus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 1996 e.T21003A9243191. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T21003A9243191.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
39. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus pecki". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 1996 e.T21004A9243290. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T21004A9243290.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
40. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus pizzinii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 1996 e.T21005A9243389. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T21005A9243389.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
41. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus putealis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 1996 e.T21006A9243488. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T21006A9243488.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
42. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus reddelli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 1996 e.T21007A9243587. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T21007A9243587.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
43. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus smithii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 1996 e.T21008A9243686. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T21008A9243686.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
44. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus spinatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 1996 e.T21009A9243785. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T21009A9243785.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
45. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus stellmacki". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 1996 e.T21010A9243976. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T21010A9243976.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
46. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus subtilis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 1996 e.T21011A9244075. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T21011A9244075.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
47. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus wengerorum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 1996 e.T21012A9244174. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T21012A9244174.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.