Swimming at the 1960 Summer Olympics

Swimming at the Games of the XVII Olympiad
Venue	Stadio Olimpico del Nuoto
Dates	26 August – 3 September 1960
No. of events	15
Competitors	380 from 45 nations
←  1956 1964  →

At the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, 15 swimming events were contested, eight for men and seven for women. There was a total of 380 participants from 45 countries competing. ^{[1] [2]} For the first time, the 4 × 100 metres medley relay was contested. The United States topped the medal standings with a total of 15 medals (9 gold), while Australia finished a close second with 13 medals (5 gold). 16-years-old phenom Chris von Saltza won four medals, three of them gold.

Medal table

Rank	Nation	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Total
1	United States  (USA)	9	3	3	15
2	Australia  (AUS)	5	5	3	13
3	Great Britain  (GBR)	1	1	1	3
4	Japan  (JPN)	0	3	2	5
5	United Team of Germany  (EUA)	0	1	3	4
6	Netherlands  (NED)	0	1	2	3
7	Sweden  (SWE)	0	1	0	1
8	Brazil  (BRA)	0	0	1	1
Totals (8 entries)		15	15	15	45

Medal summary

Men's events

Games	Gold		Silver		Bronze
100 m freestyle details	John Devitt   Australia	55.2 (OR)	Lance Larson   United States	55.2 (OR)	Manuel dos Santos   Brazil	55.4
400 m freestyle details	Murray Rose   Australia	4:18.3 (OR)	Tsuyoshi Yamanaka   Japan	4:21.4	John Konrads   Australia	4:21.8
1500 m freestyle details	John Konrads   Australia	17:19.2 (OR)	Murray Rose   Australia	17:21.7	George Breen   United States	17:30.6
100 m backstroke details	David Theile   Australia	1:01.9 (OR)	Frank McKinney   United States	1:02.1	Bob Bennett   United States	1:02.3
200 m breaststroke details	Bill Mulliken   United States	2:37.4	Yoshihiko Osaki   Japan	2:38.0	Wieger Mensonides   Netherlands	2:39.7
200 m butterfly details	Mike Troy   United States	2:12.8 (WR)	Neville Hayes   Australia	2:14.6	Dave Gillanders   United States	2:15.3
4 × 200 m freestyle relay details	United States  (USA) George Harrison Dick Blick Mike Troy Jeff Farrell	8:10.2 (WR)	Japan  (JPN) Makoto Fukui Hiroshi Ishii Tsuyoshi Yamanaka Tatsuo Fujimoto	8:13.3	Australia  (AUS) David Dickson John Devitt Murray Rose John Konrads	8:13.8
4 × 100 m medley relay details	United States  (USA) Frank McKinney Paul Hait Lance Larson Jeff Farrell	4:05.4 (WR)	Australia  (AUS) David Theile Terry Gathercole Neville Hayes Geoff Shipton	4:12.0	Japan  (JPN) Kazuo Tomita Koichi Hirakida Yoshihiko Osaki Keigo Shimuzu	4:12.2

Women's events

Games	Gold		Silver		Bronze
100 m freestyle details	Dawn Fraser   Australia	1:01.2 (OR)	Chris von Saltza   United States	1:02.8	Natalie Steward   Great Britain	1:03.1
400 m freestyle details	Chris von Saltza   United States	4:50.6 (OR)	Jane Cederqvist   Sweden	4:53.9	Tineke Lagerberg   Netherlands	4:56.9
100 m backstroke details	Lynn Burke   United States	1:09.3 (OR)	Natalie Steward   Great Britain	1:10.8	Satoko Tanaka   Japan	1:11.4
200 m breaststroke details	Anita Lonsbrough   Great Britain	2:49.5 (WR)	Wiltrud Urselmann   United Team of Germany	2:50.0	Barbara Göbel   United Team of Germany	2:53.6
100 m butterfly details	Carolyn Schuler   United States	1:09.5 (OR)	Marianne Heemskerk   Netherlands	1:10.4	Jan Andrew   Australia	1:12.2
4 × 100 m freestyle relay details	United States  (USA) Joan Spillane Shirley Stobs Carolyn Wood Chris von Saltza	4:08.9 (WR)	Australia  (AUS) Dawn Fraser Ilsa Konrads Lorraine Crapp Alva Colquhoun	4:11.3	United Team of Germany  (EUA) Christel Steffin Heidi Pechstein Gisela Weiss Ursel Brunner	4:19.7
4 × 100 m medley relay details	United States  (USA) Lynn Burke Patty Kempner Carolyn Schuler Chris von Saltza	4:41.1 (WR)	Australia  (AUS) Marilyn Wilson Rosemary Lassig Jan Andrew Dawn Fraser	4:45.9	United Team of Germany  (EUA) Ingrid Schmidt Ursula Küper Bärbel Fuhrmann Ursel Brunner	4:47.6

100m men's freestyle controversy

Results were decided by finish judges who relied on their eyes and did not use replays. Three judges were assigned to each finishing position. There were three official timers in 1960 for each lane and swimmer, all timing by hand. All three timers for Devitt, in lane three, timed him in 55.2 seconds. The three timers for lane four timed Lance Larson in 55.0, 55.1, and 55.1 seconds. ^[3]

Former Olympic swimmer and FINA co-founder Max Ritter inspected the judge's scorecards. Two of the three first-place judges found that Devitt had finished first and the third found for Larson. Of the three-second-place judges, two found that Devitt finished second and one found that Larson was second. Ritter pointed out to chief judge Henry Runströmer of Sweden that the scorecards indicated a tie. Runstrümer cast the deciding vote and declared Devitt the winner. However, the rules at that time did not provide for the chief judge to have a vote or give him the right to break ties. ^[4] Ties were supposed to be broken by referring to the timing machine. The official results placed Devitt first and Larson second, both with the identical time of 55.2 seconds. ^[5] The United States team appealed, bolstered by videotaped footage of the finish that appeared to show Larson the winner. ^[6] The appeal jury, headed by Jan de Vries, also the President of FINA in 1960, rejected the appeal, keeping Devitt the winner. ^[7] This controversy would pave the way for electronic touchpads to be included in swimming events to determine finish and accurate timing.

Participating nations

380 swimmers from 45 nations competed. ^[1]

•   Argentina  (3)
•   Australia  (26)
•   Austria  (10)
•   Belgium  (3)
•   Brazil  (5)
•   Burma  (1)
•   Canada  (8)
•   Ceylon  (1)
•   Cuba  (1)
•   Czechoslovakia  (3)
•   Denmark  (4)
•   Finland  (5)
•   Formosa  (1)
•   France  (19)
•   United Team of Germany  (26)
•   Great Britain  (23)
•   Greece  (2)
•   Hong Kong  (1)
•   Hungary  (18)
•   Iceland  (2)
•   Indonesia  (2)
•   Israel  (4)
•   Italy  (23)
•   Japan  (21)
•   Luxembourg  (4)
•   Malaya  (2)
•   Malta  (2)
•   Mexico  (11)
•   Netherlands  (19)
•   Philippines  (8)
•   Poland  (5)
•   Portugal  (5)
•   Puerto Rico  (1)
•   Rhodesia  (4)
•   Romania  (2)
•   South Africa  (3)
•   Soviet Union  (23)
•   Spain  (10)
•   Sweden  (15)
•   Switzerland  (9)
•   Turkey  (2)
•   United States  (31)
•   Venezuela  (1)
•   Vietnam  (2)
•   Yugoslavia  (9)

References

1. "Swimming at the 1960 Rome Summer Games". Sports Reference. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 3 October 2016.
2. "Olympedia – Swimming at the 1960 Summer Olympics". www.olympedia.org. Retrieved 17 December 2023.
3. David Maraniss, Rome 1960: The Olympics That Changed the World, Simon & Schuster, New York City, p. 130 (2008).
4. Maraniss, Rome 1960 p. 132
5. Maraniss, Rome 1960, p. 131
6. Maraniss, Rome 1960, p. 137
7. Maraniss, Rome 1960, p. 138