Swimming at the 2012 Summer Olympics

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Swimming
at the Games of the XXX Olympiad
Swimming, London 2012.png
Venue Aquatics Centre (pool)
Hyde Park (open water)
Dates28 July – 4 August 2012 (pool)
9–10 August 2012 (open water)
Competitors900 (pool), 50 (open water) from 166 nations
  2008
2016  

The swimming competitions at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London took place from 28 July to 4 August at the Aquatics Centre. [1] The open-water competition took place from 9 to 10 August in Hyde Park. [2]

Swimming featured 34 events (17 male, 17 female), including two 10 km open-water marathons in Hyde Park's Serpentine Lake. The remaining 32 were contested in a 50 m long course pool within the Olympic Park.

The United States claimed a total of 31 medals (16 golds, 9 silver, and 6 bronze) in the leaderboard to maintain its supremacy as the most successful nation in swimming. [3] Brought by an unprecedented sporting domination, Michael Phelps emerged as the most decorated Olympian of all time after winning six more medals at these Games to bring his total after the 2012 games to 22 (18 golds, 2 silver, and 2 bronze). [4] Battling against the Americans for an overall medal count, China mounted to an unexpected second-place effort on the leaderboard with a tally of 10 medals (five golds, three silver, and bronze) after striking a superb double from Sun Yang in long-distance freestyle (both 400 and 1500 m) and Ye Shiwen in the individual medley (both 200 and 400 m). [5] Meanwhile, France ended on a spectacular fashion in third spot with a total of seven medals (four golds, two silver, and one bronze), followed by the Netherlands with four, including two golds from Ranomi Kromowidjojo in sprint freestyle (both 50 and 100 m), and South Africa with three. [3]

For the first time since 1992, Australia delivered an underwhelming performance with only a single triumph in the freestyle relay, but managed to bring home a total of ten medals. [6] After not winning a gold in swimming since 2000, Japan produced the most medals in the post-war era to build a tally of eleven (three silver and eight bronze). [7]

A total of nine world records and twenty five Olympic records were set during the competition.

Events

The London Aquatics Centre, designed by famed architect Zaha Hadid, hosted the swimming events during the 2012 Summer Olympics. London Aquatics Centre, 16 April 2012.jpg
The London Aquatics Centre, designed by famed architect Zaha Hadid, hosted the swimming events during the 2012 Summer Olympics.

Similar to the program's format in 2008, swimming featured a total of 34 events (17 each for men and women) including two 10 km open-water marathons. The following events were contested (all pool events were long course, and distances are in metres unless stated):

Schedule

Similar to the previous Olympics since 2000, with the exception of 2008, swimming program schedule occurred in two segments. For the pool events, prelims were held in the morning, with semifinals and final in the following evening session.

Legend
HHeats½Semi-finalsFFinal
Men [8]
Date →28 Jul29 Jul30 Jul31 Jul1 Aug2 Aug3 Aug4 Aug10 Aug
Event ↓MEMEMEMEMEMEMEMEME
50 m freestyle H½F
100 m freestyle H½F
200 m freestyle H½F
400 m freestyle HF
1500 m freestyle HF
100 m backstroke H½F
200 m backstroke H½F
100 m breaststroke H½F
200 m breaststroke H½F
100 m butterfly H½F
200 m butterfly H½F
200 m individual medley H½F
400 m individual medley HF
4 × 100 m freestyle relay HF
4 × 200 m freestyle relay HF
4 × 100 m medley relay HF
10 km open water F
Women [8]
Date →28 Jul29 Jul30 Jul31 Jul1 Aug2 Aug3 Aug4 Aug9 Aug
Event ↓MEMEMEMEMEMEMEMEME
50 m freestyle H½F
100 m freestyle H½F
200 m freestyle H½F
400 m freestyle HF
800 m freestyle HF
100 m backstroke H½F
200 m backstroke H½F
100 m breaststroke H½F
200 m breaststroke H½F
100 m butterfly H½F
200 m butterfly H½F
200 m individual medley H½F
400 m individual medley HF
4 × 100 m freestyle relay HF
4 × 200 m freestyle relay HF
4 × 100 m medley relay HF
10 km open water F

Qualification

FINA By-Law BL 9.3.6.4 (swimming) and BL 9.3.7.5.3 (open water) lays out the qualification procedures for the "Swimming" competition at the Olympics. [9] Each country is allowed to enter up to two swimmers per individual event (provided they qualify), and one entry per relay; and a country may not have more than 26 males and 26 females (52 total) on its team.

Swimming – individual events

On 11 November 2010, FINA posted the qualifying times for individual events for the 2012 Olympics. [10] The time standards consist of two time standards, an "Olympic Qualifying Time" and an "Olympic invitation time". Each country was able to enter up to two swimmers per event, provided both swimmers met the (faster) qualifying time. A country was able to enter one swimmer per event that met the invitation standard. Any swimmer who met the "qualifying" time was entered in the event for the Games; a swimmer meeting the "invitation" standard was eligible for entry, and their entry was allotted/filled in by ranking.

If a country has no swimmers meeting either qualifying standard, it may enter one male and one female. A country that does not receive an allocation spot but has at least one swimmer who meets a qualifying standard may enter the swimmer with the highest ranking.

Swimming – relay events

Each relay event featured 16 teams, composed of:

Open-water swimming

The men's and women's 10 km races at the 2012 Olympics each featured 25 swimmers:

Participating nations

FINA announced in early July 2012 that 631 athletes from 166 nations would compete in swimming events at the 2012 Olympics (note: all nations qualified for the 10 km races also had at least 1 swimmer qualified for the pool portion). 59 nations qualified via the A cut (OQT), 12 via the B cut (OST) and 95 via Universality. [12] Brunei, Central African Republic, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Lesotho, Liechtenstein, Togo, and Tonga made their official debut in swimming. Meanwhile, Grenada, Iraq, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines returned to the sport after an eight-year absence. Nations with swimmers at the Games are (team size in parentheses):

Medal table

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1Flag of the United States.svg  United States  (USA)169631
2Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China  (CHN)52310
3Flag of France.svg  France  (FRA)4217
4Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands  (NED)2114
5Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa  (RSA)2103
6Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary  (HUN)2013
7Flag of Australia.svg  Australia  (AUS)16310
8Flag of Tunisia.svg  Tunisia  (TUN)1012
9Flag of Lithuania.svg  Lithuania  (LTU)1001
10Flag of Japan.svg  Japan  (JPN)03811
11Flag of Russia.svg  Russia  (RUS)0224
12Flag of Belarus (1995-2012).svg  Belarus  (BLR)0202
Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea  (KOR)0202
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain  (ESP)0202
15Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada  (CAN)0123
Flag of the United Kingdom (3-2).svg  Great Britain  (GBR)0123
17Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil  (BRA)0112
18Flag of Germany.svg  Germany  (GER)0101
19Flag of Italy.svg  Italy  (ITA)0011
Totals (19 entries)343632102

Note: There were ties for silver in the men's 200 m freestyle and men's 100 m butterfly events.

Results

Men's events

GamesGoldSilverBronze
50 m freestyle
details
Florent Manaudou
Flag of France.svg  France
21.34 Cullen Jones
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
21.54 César Cielo
Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil
21.59
100 m freestyle
details
Nathan Adrian
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
47.52 James Magnussen
Flag of Australia.svg  Australia
47.53 Brent Hayden
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
47.80
200 m freestyle
details
Yannick Agnel
Flag of France.svg  France
1:43.14 NR Sun Yang
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
Park Tae-Hwan
Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea
1:44.93 NR
1:44.93
Not awarded
as there was a tie for silver.
400 m freestyle
details
Sun Yang
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
3:40.14 OR , AS Park Tae-Hwan
Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea
3:42.06 Peter Vanderkaay
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
3:44.69
1500 m freestyle
details
Sun Yang
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
14:31.02 WR Ryan Cochrane
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
14:39.63 AM Oussama Mellouli
Flag of Tunisia.svg  Tunisia
14:40.31
100 m backstroke
details
Matt Grevers
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
52.16 OR Nick Thoman
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
52.92 Ryosuke Irie
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan
52.97
200 m backstroke
details
Tyler Clary
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
1:53.41 OR Ryosuke Irie
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan
1:53.78 Ryan Lochte
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
1:53.94
100 m breaststroke
details
Cameron van der Burgh
Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa
58.46 WR Christian Sprenger
Flag of Australia.svg  Australia
58.93 Brendan Hansen
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
59.49
200 m breaststroke
details
Dániel Gyurta
Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary
2:07.28 WR Michael Jamieson
Flag of the United Kingdom (3-2).svg  Great Britain
2:07.43 NR Ryo Tateishi
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan
2:08.29
100 m butterfly
details
Michael Phelps
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
51.21 Chad le Clos
Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa
Yevgeny Korotyshkin
Flag of Russia.svg  Russia
51.44Not awarded
as there was a tie for silver.
200 m butterfly
details
Chad le Clos
Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa
1:52.96 AF Michael Phelps
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
1:53.01 Takeshi Matsuda
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan
1:53.21
200 m individual medley
details
Michael Phelps
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
1:54.27 Ryan Lochte
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
1:54.90 László Cseh
Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary
1:56.22
400 m individual medley
details
Ryan Lochte
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
4:05.18 Thiago Pereira
Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil
4:08.86 =SA Kosuke Hagino
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan
4:08.94 AS
4 × 100 m freestyle relay
details
Flag of France.svg  France  (FRA)
Amaury Leveaux (48.13)
Fabien Gilot (47.67)
Clément Lefert (47.39)
Yannick Agnel (46.74)
Alain Bernard [a]
Jérémy Stravius [a]
3:09.93Flag of the United States.svg  United States  (USA)
Nathan Adrian (47.89)
Michael Phelps (47.15)
Cullen Jones (47.60)
Ryan Lochte (47.74)
Jimmy Feigen [a]
Matt Grevers [a]
Ricky Berens [a]
Jason Lezak [a]
3:10.38Flag of Russia.svg  Russia  (RUS)
Andrey Grechin (48.57)
Nikita Lobintsev (47.39)
Vladimir Morozov (47.85)
Danila Izotov (47.60)
Yevgeny Lagunov [a]
Sergey Fesikov [a]
3:11.41
4 × 200 m freestyle relay
details
Flag of the United States.svg  United States  (USA)
Ryan Lochte (1:45.15)
Conor Dwyer (1:45.23)
Ricky Berens (1:45.27)
Michael Phelps (1:44.05)
Charlie Houchin [a]
Matt McLean [a]
Davis Tarwater [a]
6:59.70Flag of France.svg  France  (FRA)
Amaury Leveaux (1:46.70)
Grégory Mallet (1:46.83)
Clément Lefert (1:46.00)
Yannick Agnel (1:43.24)
Jérémy Stravius [a]
7:02.77 NR Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China  (CHN)
Hao Yun (1:47.12)
Li Yunqi (1:46.46)
Jiang Haiqi (1:47.17)
Sun Yang (1:45.55)
Lü Zhiwu [a]
Dai Jun [a]
7:06.30
4 × 100 m medley relay
details
Flag of the United States.svg  United States  (USA)
Matt Grevers (52.58)
Brendan Hansen (59.19)
Michael Phelps (50.73)
Nathan Adrian (46.85)
Nick Thoman [a]
Eric Shanteau [a]
Tyler McGill [a]
Cullen Jones [a]
3:29.35Flag of Japan.svg  Japan  (JPN)
Ryosuke Irie (52.92)
Kosuke Kitajima (58.64)
Takeshi Matsuda (51.20)
Takuro Fujii (48.50)
3:31.26Flag of Australia.svg  Australia  (AUS)
Hayden Stoeckel (53.71)
Christian Sprenger (59.05)
Matt Targett (51.60)
James Magnussen (47.22)
Brenton Rickard [a]
Tommaso D'Orsogna [a]
3:31.58
10 km open water
details
Oussama Mellouli
Flag of Tunisia.svg  Tunisia
1:49:55.1 Thomas Lurz
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
1:49:58.5 Richard Weinberger
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
1:50:00.3

AF African Record | AM Americas Record | SA South American Record | AS Asian Record | ER European Record | OC Oceanian Record | OR Olympic Record | WJR World Junior Record | WR World Record
NR National Record (any World Record is necessarily also an Olympic, area, and national record. Area records (for continental regions) are also national records)

a Swimmers who participated in the heats only and received medals.

Women's events

GamesGoldSilverBronze
50 m freestyle
details
Ranomi Kromowidjojo
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands
24.05 OR Aliaksandra Herasimenia
Flag of Belarus (1995-2012).svg  Belarus
24.28 NR Marleen Veldhuis
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands
24.39
100 m freestyle
details
Ranomi Kromowidjojo
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands
53.00 OR Aliaksandra Herasimenia
Flag of Belarus (1995-2012).svg  Belarus
53.38 NR Tang Yi
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
53.44
200 m freestyle
details
Allison Schmitt
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
1:53.61 OR , AM Camille Muffat
Flag of France.svg  France
1:55.58 Bronte Barratt
Flag of Australia.svg  Australia
1:55.81
400 m freestyle
details
Camille Muffat
Flag of France.svg  France
4:01.45 OR Allison Schmitt
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
4:01.77 AM Rebecca Adlington
Flag of the United Kingdom (3-2).svg  Great Britain
4:03.01
800 m freestyle
details
Katie Ledecky
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
8:14.63 AM Mireia Belmonte García
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain
8:18.76 NR Rebecca Adlington
Flag of the United Kingdom (3-2).svg  Great Britain
8:20.32
100 m backstroke
details
Missy Franklin
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
58.33 AM Emily Seebohm
Flag of Australia.svg  Australia
58.68 Aya Terakawa
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan
58.83 AS
200 m backstroke
details
Missy Franklin
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
2:04.06 WR Anastasia Zuyeva
Flag of Russia.svg  Russia
2:05.92 Elizabeth Beisel
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
2:06.55
100 m breaststroke
details
Rūta Meilutytė
Flag of Lithuania.svg  Lithuania
1:05.47 Rebecca Soni
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
1:05.55 Satomi Suzuki
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan
1:06.46
200 m breaststroke
details
Rebecca Soni
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
2:19.59 WR Satomi Suzuki
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan
2:20.72 =AS Yuliya Yefimova
Flag of Russia.svg  Russia
2:20.92 ER
100 m butterfly
details
Dana Vollmer
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
55.98 WR Lu Ying
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
56.87 Alicia Coutts
Flag of Australia.svg  Australia
56.94
200 m butterfly
details
Jiao Liuyang
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
2:04.06 OR Mireia Belmonte García
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain
2:05.25 NR Natsumi Hoshi
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan
2:05.48
200 m individual medley
details
Ye Shiwen
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
2:07.57 OR , AS Alicia Coutts
Flag of Australia.svg  Australia
2:08.15 Caitlin Leverenz
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
2:08.95
400 m individual medley
details
Ye Shiwen
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
4:28.43 WR Elizabeth Beisel
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
4:31.27 Li Xuanxu
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
4:32.91
4 × 100 m freestyle relay
details
Flag of Australia.svg  Australia  (AUS)
Alicia Coutts (53.90)
Cate Campbell (53.19)
Brittany Elmslie (53.41)
Melanie Schlanger (52.65)
Emily Seebohm [b]
Yolane Kukla [b]
Libby Trickett [b]
3:33.15 OR Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands  (NED)
Inge Dekker (54.67)
Marleen Veldhuis (53.80)
Femke Heemskerk (53.39)
Ranomi Kromowidjojo (51.93)
Hinkelien Schreuder [b]
3:33.79Flag of the United States.svg  United States  (USA)
Missy Franklin (53.52)
Jessica Hardy (53.53)
Lia Neal (53.65)
Allison Schmitt (53.54)
Amanda Weir [b]
Natalie Coughlin [b]
3:34.24 AM
4 × 200 m freestyle relay
details
Flag of the United States.svg  United States  (USA)
Missy Franklin (1:55.96)
Dana Vollmer (1:56.02)
Shannon Vreeland (1:56.85)
Allison Schmitt (1:54.09)
Lauren Perdue [b]
Alyssa Anderson [b]
7:42.92 OR Flag of Australia.svg  Australia  (AUS)
Bronte Barratt (1:55.76)
Melanie Schlanger (1:55.62)
Kylie Palmer (1:56.91)
Alicia Coutts (1:56.12)
Brittany Elmslie [b]
Angie Bainbridge [b]
Jade Neilsen [b]
Blair Evans [b]
7:44.41Flag of France.svg  France  (FRA)
Camille Muffat (1:55.51)
Charlotte Bonnet (1:57.78)
Ophélie-Cyrielle Étienne (1:58.05)
Coralie Balmy (1:56.15)
Margaux Farrell [b]
Mylène Lazare [b]
7:47.49 NR
4 × 100 m medley relay
details
Flag of the United States.svg  United States  (USA)
Missy Franklin (58.50)
Rebecca Soni (1:04.82)
Dana Vollmer (55.48)
Allison Schmitt (53.25)
Rachel Bootsma [b]
Breeja Larson [b]
Claire Donahue [b]
Jessica Hardy [b]
3:52.05 WR Flag of Australia.svg  Australia  (AUS)
Emily Seebohm (59.01)
Leisel Jones (1:06.06)
Alicia Coutts (56.41)
Melanie Schlanger (52.54)
Brittany Elmslie [b]
3:54.02Flag of Japan.svg  Japan  (JPN)
Aya Terakawa (58.99)
Satomi Suzuki (1:05.96)
Yuka Kato (57.36)
Haruka Ueda (53.42)
3:55.73
10 km open water
details
Éva Risztov
Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary
1:57:38.2 Haley Anderson
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
1:57:38.6 Martina Grimaldi
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy
1:57:41.8

AF African Record | AM Americas Record | SA South American Record | AS Asian Record | ER European Record | OC Oceanian Record | OR Olympic Record | WJR World Junior Record | WR World Record
NR National Record (any World Record is necessarily also an Olympic, area, and national record. Area records (for continental regions) are also national records)

b Swimmers who participated in the heats only and received medals.

Olympic and world records broken

Men

EventDateRoundNameNationalityTimeRecordDay
Men's 400 m freestyle 28 JulyFinal Sun Yang Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China 3:40.14OR1
Men's 100 m breaststroke 28 JulySemifinal Cameron van der Burgh Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa 58.83OR1
Men's 100 m breaststroke 29 JulyFinal Cameron van der Burgh Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa 58.46WR2
Men's 100 m backstroke 30 JulyFinal Matt Grevers Flag of the United States.svg  United States 52.16OR3
Men's 200 m breaststroke 1 AugustFinal Dániel Gyurta Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary 2:07.28WR5
Men's 200 m backstroke 2 AugustFinal Tyler Clary Flag of the United States.svg  United States 1:53.41OR6
Men's 1500 m freestyle 4 AugustFinal Sun Yang Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China 14:31.02WR8

Women

EventDateRoundNameNationalityTimeRecordDay
Women's 100 m butterfly 28 JulyHeats Dana Vollmer Flag of the United States.svg  United States 56.25OR1
Women's 400 m individual medley 28 JulyFinal Ye Shiwen Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China 4:28.43WR1
Women's 4 × 100 m freestyle relay 28 JulyFinal Alicia Coutts (53.90)
Cate Campbell (53.19)
Brittany Elmslie (53.41)
Melanie Schlanger (52.65)
Flag of Australia.svg  Australia 3:33.15OR1
Women's 100 m backstroke 29 JulyHeats Emily Seebohm Flag of Australia.svg  Australia 58.23OR2
Women's 100 m butterfly 29 JulyFinal Dana Vollmer Flag of the United States.svg  United States 55.98WR2
Women's 400 m freestyle 29 JulyFinal Camille Muffat Flag of France.svg  France 4:01.45OR2
Women's 200 m individual medley 30 JulySemifinal Ye Shiwen Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China 2:08.39OR3
Women's 200 m freestyle 31 JulyFinal Allison Schmitt Flag of the United States.svg  United States 1:53.61OR4
Women's 200 m individual medley 31 JulyFinal Ye Shiwen Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China 2:07.57OR4
Women's 100 m freestyle 1 AugustSemifinal Ranomi Kromowidjojo Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands 53.05OR5
Women's 200 m butterfly 1 AugustFinal Jiao Liuyang Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China 2:04.06OR5
Women's 200 m breaststroke 1 AugustSemifinal Rebecca Soni Flag of the United States.svg  United States 2:20.00WR5
Women's 4 × 200 m freestyle relay 1 AugustFinal Missy Franklin (1:55.96)
Dana Vollmer (1:56.02)
Shannon Vreeland (1:56.85)
Allison Schmitt (1:54.09)
Flag of the United States.svg  United States 7:42.92OR5
Women's 200 m breaststroke 2 AugustFinal Rebecca Soni Flag of the United States.svg  United States 2:19.59WR6
Women's 100 m freestyle 2 AugustFinal Ranomi Kromowidjojo Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands 53.00OR6
Women's 200 m backstroke 3 AugustFinal Missy Franklin Flag of the United States.svg  United States 2:04.06WR7
Women's 50 m freestyle 4 AugustFinal Ranomi Kromowidjojo Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands 24.05OR8
Women's 4 × 100 m medley relay 4 AugustFinal Missy Franklin (58.50)
Rebecca Soni (1:04.82)
Dana Vollmer (55.48)
Allison Schmitt (53.25)
Flag of the United States.svg  United States 3:52.05WR8

Derya Büyükuncu and Lars Frölander were the first swimmers to participate in six consecutive Olympic Games (1992-2012).

Controversies

In the women's 400-metre individual medley, Chinese Ye Shiwen won in a world-record time of 4:28.43. After the race, Ye had allegations against her suggesting the use of drugs that drew comment from the International Olympic Committee and FINA who defended Ye. Ye has never tested positive of any performance-enhancing drugs. Some claim the accusations were a result of xenophobia towards the Chinese.

In the final of the 100-metre breaststroke, South African Cameron van der Burgh won in a world-record time of 58.46, bettering the previous record of 58.58 held by Brenton Rickard of Australia. After the race however, underwater camera footage showed winner van der Burgh did three illegal butterfly kicks on the underwater pullout (rules allow for one kick). [13] Van der Burgh later admitted to the illegal move and justified the act by saying if he was not doing it, "you are falling behind or giving yourself a disadvantage." [14]

Some of the Olympic medalists in London:

References

  1. "Olympedia – Swimming at the 2012 Summer Olympics". www.olympedia.org. Retrieved 17 December 2023.
  2. "Olympic sports: Swimming". London2012.com. London Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games. Archived from the original on 27 May 2012. Retrieved 27 December 2010.
  3. 1 2 Adrega, Pedro; Chiarello, Sarah (4 August 2012). "Swimming day 8 – USA end on a high note, Phelps retires with 22 medals!". London 2012 . FINA. Archived from the original on 15 January 2014. Retrieved 30 June 2013.
  4. "2012 London Olympics: Michael Phelps Leads All Swimmers With Six Medals". Swimming World Magazine . 5 August 2012. Archived from the original on 4 October 2012. Retrieved 4 August 2012.
  5. Tan, Jingjing (3 July 2013). "Great breakthrough for Chinese swimming in Olympic pool". Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on 18 January 2014. Retrieved 5 August 2012.
  6. Hoy, Greg (3 July 2013). "Swimmers outraged over pre-Games treatment". ABC News Australia . Retrieved 7 August 2012.
  7. Akutsu, Atsushi (3 July 2013). "Olympics/Swimming: Japan fails to strike gold but medal haul points to bright future". The Asahi Shimbun . Archived from the original on 15 August 2012. Retrieved 14 August 2012.
  8. 1 2 "Swimming: Results and Schedule". London 2012 . NBC Olympics. Archived from the original on 3 July 2013. Retrieved 30 June 2013.
  9. "FINA By Law 9". London 2012 . FINA. Archived from the original on 18 June 2010. Retrieved 17 December 2010.
  10. "764 Qualifying times for London Olympic Games 2012". London 2012 . FINA. Archived from the original on 3 December 2010. Retrieved 17 December 2010.
  11. "FINA Press Release 2010–79: FINA Bureau Meeting in Dubai (UAE)". London 2012 . FINA. 14 December 2010. Archived from the original on 5 March 2012. Retrieved 17 December 2010.
  12. "London 2012 – Swimming – Qualified Swimmers". London 2012 . FINA. 6 July 2012. Archived from the original on 1 July 2012. Retrieved 6 July 2012.
  13. "Illegal Triple-Dolphin Kicks Seen in World Record Breaststroke Swim". SwimSwam. 31 July 2011. Archived from the original on 5 October 2012. Retrieved 8 October 2012.
  14. "South African Cameron van der Burgh admits using illegal dolphin kicks to win gold medal". The Australian. 4 August 2012. Retrieved 8 October 2012.

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