| TMEM82 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Aliases | TMEM82 , transmembrane protein 82 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| External IDs | MGI: 2384869; HomoloGene: 27088; GeneCards: TMEM82; OMA:TMEM82 - orthologs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Wikidata | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Transmembrane protein 82 (TMEM82) is a protein encoded by the TMEM82 gene in humans.
The TMEM82 gene is found on chromosome 1 (1p36.21) from 15,742,499 to 15,747,982, spanning 5,484 base pairs. [5] [6] It is found on the plus strand and has 6 exons and 5 introns. [5] [6] The SLC25A34 gene is found on TMEM82's antisense strand and ecodes for a mitochondrial carrier protein. [7]
There are a few known genetic variants which alter the molecular phenotype. One is an intergenic mutation that results in a protein product that is associated with Troponin-T. [8] [9] A SNP (T/C, missense) with an allele frequency of about 4% results in a protein product that is associated with Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3, although with a very small effect size. [8] [10]
There human mRNA transcript for TMEM82, of which there are no isoforms, has 1,443 nucleotides which encodes a 343 amino acid long precursor protein of about 37kDa including 8 predicted transmembrane domains and 1 disordered region. [11]
In humans, the RNA transcript is expressed highly in the kidney, liver, small intestine, and duodenum and is also expressed in the colon and stomach. [5] Single cell RNA-seq data indicate several tissue specific cell types with enhanced TMEM82 expression in the stomach, colon, kidney, and liver: these cell types include parietal cells, chief cells, gastric mucous cells, mitotic cells, and gastric enteroendochrine cells in the stomach, colon enterocytes in the colon, proximal tubular cells in the kidney, and hepatocytes in the liver. [12] During fetal development it is also expressed in adrenal and heart tissues and becomes highly expressed in the small intestine by 15 weeks of gestation. [5] Its expression cluster is similar to those for genes involved in lipid metabolism. [13] There are several similar mouse polyclonal antibodies, some rabbit polyclonal antibodies, and a couple monoclonal options for available for the TMEM82 protein but with limited evidence for efficacy. [14]
TMEM82 is listed as pfam15816 for conserved protein domains and is the only member of the superfamily cl24398. [15] TMEM82 is predicted to be an endoplasmic reticulum transmembrane protein. [16] The theoretical isoelectric point of human TMEM82 is 8.57 and it is compositionally 23% leucine. [17] [18]
Predicted PTMs of human TMEM82 include phosphorylation, a glycosaminoglcan attachment site, and N-myristoylation. [19] [20]
Predicted interaction partners include APOA2 and CYP4F2. [21] TMEM82 has been found to coexpress with proteins involved in lipids, hormones, and xenobiotic and alcohol metabolic pathways; as such, it is hypothesized to function in metabolism. [22]
Orthologs of the TMEM82 gene have been identified in 442 organisms including in the chimpanzee, Rhesus monkey, dog, cow, mouse, chicken, zebrafish, and frog and is highly conserved in mammals. [5] TMEM82 is not found in plants or fungi. There are no paralogs of TMEM82 in humans. The end of TMEM82 encompassing its disordered region is the least evolutionarilty constrained relative to the rest of the protein. [23] The following table lists some orthologs and their attributes of TMEM82.
| Genus/Species | Common Name | Taxonomic Order | Median Date of Divergence (Mya) | Accession Number | Sequence Length | Sequence Identity | Sequence Similarity | |
| Mammal | Homo Sapiens | human | Primate | 0 | NP_001013663.1 | 343 | 100% | 100% |
| Mammal | Carlito syrichta | Philippine tarsie | Primate | 69 | XP_008056317.1 | 363 | 73.9 | 79.8 |
| Mammal | Mus Musculus | House mouse | Rodentia | 87 | NP_666099.2 | 356 | 76.8 | 84.6 |
| Mammal | Equus quagga | Plains zebra | Perissodactyla | 94 | XP_046518653.1 | 347 | 86.5 | 90.2 |
| Bird | Molossus molossus | velvety free-tailed bat | Chiroptera | 94 | XP_036113249.1 | 344 | 84.6 | 90.1 |
| Bird | Aquila chrysaetos chrysaetos | volden eagle | Accipitriformes | 319 | XP_029872457.1 | 328 | 64.1 | 74.3 |
| Bird | Serinus canaria | Atlantic canary | Passeriformes | 319 | XP_030087344.1 | 329 | 63.3 | 74.6 |
| Reptile | Strigops habroptila | kakapo | Psittaciformes | 319 | XP_030363772.1 | 344 | 57.2 | 68.6 |
| Reptile | Mauremys reevesii | Chinese pond turtle | Testudines | 319 | XP_039365209.1 | 351 | 62.1 | 73.6 |
| Reptile | Varanus komodoensis | komodo dragon | Unidentata | 319 | XP_044277161.1 | 346 | 59.9 | 72.9 |
| Reptile | Sphaerodactylus townsendi | townsend's least gecko | Gekkota | 319 | XP_048374902 | 343 | 59.8 | 71.6 |
| Amphibian | Thamnophis elegans | western terrestrial garter snake | Unidentata | 319 | XP_032088188.1 | 337 | 55.6 | 70.1 |
| Amphibian | Geotrypetes seraphini | gaboon caecilian | Gymnophiona | 353 | XP_033777097.1 | 341 | 58.1 | 70.5 |
| Amphibian | Rana temporaria | common frog | Anura | 353 | XP_040182718.1 | 338 | 54.5 | 69.6 |
| Fish | Bufo gargarizans | Chusan Island toad | Anura | 353 | XP_044138414.1 | 335 | 52.3 | 70.6 |
| Fish | Protopterus annectens | West African lungfish | Dipnoi | 408 | XP_043916388.1 | 306 | 43.3 | 55.9 |
| Fish | Latimeria chalumnae | West Indian Ocean coelacanth | Coelacanthiformes | 414 | XP_006004339.1 | 312 | 50.3 | 63.4 |
| Fish | Salarias fasciatus | jewelled Blenny | Blenniiformes | 431 | XP_029975350.1 | 338 | 44.8 | 58.6 |
| Fish | Thalassophryne amazonica | prehistoric monster fish | Batrachoidiformes | 431 | XP_034027462.1 | 340 | 41.7 | 54.5 |
| Fish | Danio rerio | zebra fish | Cypriniformes | 431 | NP_001186669.1 | 338 | 41.3 | 56 |
| Stegostoma fasciatum | zebra shark | Chondrichthyes | 464 | XP_048417111 | 342 | 46.1 | 63.5 |
Expression of TMEM82 is dysregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma. [24] [25] TMEM82 is present in the interaction profile of kidney renal cell carcinoma and is a favorable prognostic marker in renal cancer. [26] TMEM82 has enhanced RNA expression in liver and renal cancer but was not correlated with the overall survival of patients with colorectal cancer. [13] [27] A 65.7 kbp long microduplication has been found in patients with congenital lower urinary tract obstruction at the genomic location of TMEM82 gene; the microduplication affects TMEM82 and the other genes located there: FBLIM1 , PLEKHM2 , SLC25A34, SLC25A34-AS1. [28] TMEM82 is significantly upregulated in glomeruli and predicted to have estrogen response elements. [29]
Transmembrane protein 151B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM151B gene.
C8orf48 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C8orf48 gene. C8orf48 is a nuclear protein specifically predicted to be located in the nuclear lamina. C8orf48 has been found to interact with proteins that are involved in the regulation of various cellular responses like gene expression, protein secretion, cell proliferation, and inflammatory responses. This protein has been linked to breast cancer and papillary thyroid carcinoma.
Zinc finger protein 684 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF684 gene.
OCC-1 is a protein, which in humans is encoded by the gene C12orf75. The gene is approximately 40,882 bp long and encodes 63 amino acids. OCC-1 is ubiquitously expressed throughout the human body. OCC-1 has shown to be overexpressed in various colon carcinomas. Novel splice variant of this gene was also detected in various human cancer types; in addition to encoding a novel smaller protein, OCC-1 gene produces a non-protein coding RNA splice variant lncRNA.
Transmembrane Protein 176B, or TMEM176B is a transmembrane protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM176B gene. It is thought to play a role in the process of maturation of dendritic cells.
Uncharacterized protein C12orf60 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C12orf60 gene. The gene is also known as LOC144608 or MGC47869. The protein lacks transmembrane domains and helices, but it is rich in alpha-helices. It is predicted to localize in the nucleus.
Single-pass membrane and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 3 is a protein that is encoded in humans by the SMCO3 gene.
TMEM128, also known as Transmembrane Protein 128, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM128 gene. TMEM128 has three variants, varying in 5' UTR's and start codon location. TMEM128 contains four transmembrane domains and is localized in the Endoplasmic Reticulum membrane. TMEM128 contains a variety of regulation at the gene, transcript, and protein level. While the function of TMEM128 is poorly understood, it interacts with several proteins associated with the cell cycle, signal transduction, and memory.
SMIM19, also known as Small Integral Membrane Protein 19, encodes the SMIM19 protein. SMIM19 is a confirmed single-pass transmembrane protein passing from outside to inside, 5' to 3' respectively. SMIM19 has ubiquitously high to medium expression with among varied tissues or organs. The validated function of SMIM19 remains under review because of on sub-cellular localization uncertainty. However, all linked proteins research to interact with SMIM19 are associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), presuming SMIM19 ER association
C2orf72 is a gene in humans that encodes a protein currently named after its gene, C2orf72. It is also designated LOC257407 and can be found under GenBank accession code NM_001144994.2. The protein can be found under UniProt accession code A6NCS6.
Transmembrane protein 212 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM212 gene. The protein consists of five transmembrane domains and localizes in the plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum. TMEM212 has orthologs in vertebrates but not invertebrates. TMEM212 has been associated with sporadic Parkinson's disease, facial processing, and adiposity in African Americans.
Transmembrane epididymal protein 1 is a transmembrane protein encoded by the TEDDM1 gene. TEDDM1 is also commonly known as TMEM45C and encodes 273 amino acids that contains six alpha-helix transmembrane regions. The protein contains a 118 amino acid length family of unknown function. While the exact function of TEDDM1 is not understood, it is predicted to be an integral component of the plasma membrane.
TEKTIP1, also known as tektin-bundle interacting protein 1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TEKTIP1 gene.
THAP domain-containing protein 3 (THAP3) is a protein that, in Homo sapiens (humans), is encoded by the THAP3 gene. The THAP3 protein is as known as MGC33488, LOC90326, and THAP domain-containing, apoptosis associated protein 3. This protein contains the Thanatos-associated protein (THAP) domain and a host-cell factor 1C binding motif. These domains allow THAP3 to influence a variety of processes, including transcription and neuronal development. THAP3 is ubiquitously expressed in H. sapiens, though expression is highest in the kidneys.
NADP-dependent oxidoreductase domain-containing protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NOXRED1 gene. An alias of this gene is Chromosome 14 Open Reading Frame 148 (c14orf148). This gene is located on chromosome 14, at 14q24.3. NOXRED1 is predicted to be involved in pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase activity as part of the L-proline biosynthetic pathway. It is expressed in a wide variety of tissues at a relatively low level, including the testes, thyroid, skin, small intestine, brain, kidney, colon, and more.
Chromosome 13 Open Reading Frame 46 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the C13orf46 gene. In humans, C13orf46 is ubiquitously expressed at low levels in tissues, including the lungs, stomach, prostate, spleen, and thymus. This gene encodes eight alternatively spliced mRNA transcript, which produce five different protein isoforms.
Transmembrane protein 248, also known as C7orf42, is a gene that in humans encodes the TMEM248 protein. This gene contains multiple transmembrane domains and is composed of seven exons.TMEM248 is predicted to be a component of the plasma membrane and be involved in vesicular trafficking. It has low tissue specificity, meaning it is ubiquitously expressed in tissues throughout the human body. Orthology analyses determined that TMEM248 is highly conserved, having homology with vertebrates and invertebrates. TMEM248 may play a role in cancer development. It was shown to be more highly expressed in cases of colon, breast, lung, ovarian, brain, and renal cancers.
Transmembrane protein 61 (TMEM61) is a protein that is encoded by the TMEM61 gene in humans. It is located on the first chromosome in humansand is highly expressed in the intestinal regions predominantly the kidney, adrenal gland and pituitary tissues. The protein, unlike other transmembrane protein in the region does not promote cancer growth. However, the TMEM61 protein when inhibited by secondary factors restricts normal activity in the kidney. The human protein shares many Orthologs and has been prevalent on Earth for millions of years.
Transmembrane protein 19 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM19 gene.
Zinc Finger Protein 62, also known as "ZNF62," "ZNF755," or "ZET," is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZFP62 gene. ZFP62 is part of the C2H2 Zinc Finger family of genes.
