Tawny-faced gnatwren

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Tawny-faced gnatwren
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Polioptilidae
Genus: Microbates
Species:
M. cinereiventris
Binomial name
Microbates cinereiventris
(Sclater, PL, 1855)
Microbates cinereiventris map.svg

The tawny-faced gnatwren or half-collared gnatwren (Microbates cinereiventris) is a species of bird in the family Polioptilidae, the gnatcatchers. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Nicaragua, Panama, and Peru. [2]

Contents

Taxonomy and systematics

The International Ornithological Committee (IOC) and BirdLife International (BLI) recognize seven subspecies of tawny-faced gnatwren: [2] [3]

However, the South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society (SACC/AOS) and the Clements taxonomy have not accepted the three subspecies that Olson described but include them within M. c. peruvianus. [4] [5] [6]

Description

The tawny-faced gnatwren is 9 to 11 cm (3.5 to 4.3 in) long and weighs 10 to 14 g (0.35 to 0.49 oz). The nominate subspecies has a rusty face with a rufous crown and a thin black stripe behind the eye. A wide black malar stripe ("moustache") separates its face from the white throat and upper breast; the last has thin black stripes. Its back is brown and its underparts are gray. The sexes are alike. The other subspecies differ in the intensity of their cheek and underparts colors, and some do not have the black stripe behind the eye. [7]

Distribution and habitat

The subspecies of tawny-faced gnatwren are distributed thus:

The tawny-faced gnatwren generally inhabits the lower strata of wet, humid, primary and secondary forest, mostly below 750 m (2,460 ft) elevation. The exception is M. c. unicus, which is "known only from a single specimen...[collected] on an undetermined date between 1930 and 1943" in a much drier biome. [7]

Behavior

Feeding

The tawny-faced gnatwren's diet is primarily ants and other insects but also includes spiders. It forages through foliage and leaf litter while hopping through undergrowth near the ground. It regularly joins mixed-species foraging flocks but rarely follows army ant swarms. [7]

Breeding

Information on the tawny-faced gnatwren's breeding phenology is sparse. Nesting has been recorded in April in Costa Rica and between December and May in Colombia. The one fully-described nest was constructed of green moss with a soft inner lining. It was attached to the trunk and a limb of a broadleaf shrub and contained two eggs. [7]

Vocalization

The tawny-faced gnatwren's song is "a series of soft, clear, plaintive notes, 'teeeeea' or 'teeeéuw'" . Its most common call is "a nasal, complaining 'nyeeeh' or 'nyaaah'" . It also makes a chatter . [7]

Status

The IUCN has assessed the tawny-faced gnatwren as being of Least Concern. [1] However, "Three races...are primarily restricted to ecoregions considered...to be seriously threatened as a result of habitat loss". [7]

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References

  1. 1 2 BirdLife International (2016). "Tawny-faced Gnatwren Microbates cinereiventris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P. (January 2021). "IOC World Bird List (v 11.1)" . Retrieved January 14, 2021.
  3. HBW and BirdLife International (2020) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 5. Available at: http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v5_Dec20.zip [.xls zipped 1 MB] retrieved May 27, 2021
  4. Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 23 May 2021. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved May 24, 2021
  5. Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2019. The eBird/Clements Checklist of Birds of the World: v2019. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ Retrieved August 15, 2019
  6. Olson, S.L. (1980). "Revision of the Tawny-faced gnatwren, Microbates cinereiventris (Aves: Passeriformes)". Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington. 39 (1): 68–74.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Atwood, J. L., S. B. Lerman, and E. de Juana (2020). Tawny-faced Gnatwren (Microbates cinereiventris), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.tafgna1.01 retrieved May 28, 2021