Taygeta

Last updated
Taygeta
Pleiades large.jpg
Red circle.svg
Taygeta in the Pleiades cluster (circled)
Observation data
Epoch J2000.0        Equinox J2000.0
Constellation Taurus
Right ascension 03h 45m 12.49578s [1]
Declination 24° 28 02.2097 [1]
Apparent magnitude  (V)4.30 [2]
Characteristics
Spectral type B6IV + ? [3]
U−B color index -0.48 [4]
B−V color index -0.12 [4]
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)10.1 [2]  km/s
Proper motion (μ)RA: 21.24 ± 0.38 [1]   mas/yr
Dec.: -40.56 ± 0.35 [1]   mas/yr
Parallax (π)7.97 ± 0.33  mas [1]
Distance 440  ly
(135  pc)
Details
Taygeta
Mass 4.5 [5]   M
Luminosity 600 [5]   L
19 Tauri Ab
Mass 3.2 [5]   M
Luminosity150 [5]   L
Other designations
q  Tauri, HR  1145, HD  23338, BD+24°547, HIP  17531, SAO  76140, GC 4486, BDS 1848, CCDM 03452+2429
Database references
SIMBAD data

Taygeta is a double star in the constellation of Taurus and a member of the Pleiades open star cluster (M45).

Contents

It consists of a binary pair designated 19 Tauri A together with a single star visual companion, 19 Tauri B. 'A's' two components are themselves designated 19 Tauri Aa (officially named Taygeta /tˈɪətə/ , [6] the traditional name for the entire system) [7] and Ab.

Based on parallax measurements obtained during the Hipparcos mission, 19 Tauri A is approximately 440 light-years from the Sun.

Nomenclature

19 Tauri is the system's Flamsteed designation. It also bears the little-used Bayer designation q Tauri. The designations of the two constituents as 19 Tauri A and B, and those of A's components - 19 Tauri Aa and Ab - derive from the convention used by the Washington Multiplicity Catalog (WMC) for multiple star systems, and adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU). [8]

The system bore the traditional name Taygeta (or Taygete). [9] Taygete was one of the Pleiades sisters in Greek mythology. In 2016, the IAU organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN) [10] to catalogue and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN approved the name Taygeta for the component 19 Tauri Aa on 21 August 2016 and it is now so included in the List of IAU-approved Star Names. [7]

Properties

Taygeta presents as a blue-white B-type subgiant with an apparent magnitude of +4.30. It is a spectroscopic binary, whose component stars have magnitudes of +4.6 and +6.1. They are separated by 0.012 arcseconds and complete one orbit every 1313 days.

The 8th magnitude visual companion, 19 Tauri B, is 69 arcseconds away. It is thought to be a yellow star somewhat more massive and larger than the Sun, and further away than the Pleiades cluster. [11]

Taygeta was once reported to be variable, [12] but has since been measured to be one of the least variable of stars. [13] [14]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Beta Centauri</span> Triple star system in the constellation Centaurus

Beta Centauri is a triple star system in the southern constellation of Centaurus. It is officially called Hadar. The Bayer designation of Beta Centauri is Latinised from β Centauri, and abbreviated Beta Cen or β Cen. The system's combined apparent visual magnitude of 0.61 makes it the second-brightest object in Centaurus and the eleventh brightest star in the night sky. According to parallax measurements from the astrometric Hipparcos satellite, the distance to this system is about 390 light-years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Castor (star)</span> Sextuple star system in Gemini

Castor is the second-brightest object in the zodiac constellation of Gemini. It has the Bayer designation α Geminorum, which is Latinised to Alpha Geminorum and abbreviated Alpha Gem or α Gem. With an apparent visual magnitude of 1.58, it is one of the brightest stars in the night sky. Castor appears singular to the naked eye, but it is actually a sextuple star system organized into three binary pairs. Although it is the 'α' (alpha) member of the constellation, it is half a magnitude fainter than 'β' (beta) Geminorum, Pollux.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Atlas (star)</span> Triple star system in the constellation Taurus

Atlas, designation 27 Tauri, is a triple star system in the constellation of Taurus. It is a member of the Pleiades, an open star cluster (M45). It is 431 light-years away, and is 3.92 degrees north of the ecliptic.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Epsilon Scorpii</span> Star in the constellation Scorpius

Epsilon Scorpii, formally named Larawag, is a star in the southern zodiac constellation of Scorpius. It has an apparent visual magnitude of +2.3, making it the fifth-brightest member of the constellation. Parallax measurements made during the Hipparcos mission provide an estimated distance to this star of around 63.7 light-years from the Sun.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alpha Piscium</span> Binary star system in the constellation Pisces

Alpha Piscium (α Piscium) is a binary star system in the equatorial constellation of Pisces. Based upon parallax measurements made by the Hipparcos spacecraft, it is about 151 light-years from the Solar System.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alpha Vulpeculae</span> Star in the constellation Vulpecula

Alpha Vulpeculae, officially named Anser, is the brightest star in the constellation of Vulpecula. It is approximately 291 light-years from Earth. It forms a wide optical binary with 8 Vulpeculae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Beta Cancri</span> Star in the constellation Cancer

Beta Cancri, also named Tarf, is the brightest star in the zodiacal constellation of Cancer. It has an apparent visual magnitude of +3.5 and an absolute magnitude of −1.2. Based on parallax measurements obtained by the Gaia spacecraft, it is approximately 323 light-years distant from the Sun. An exoplanet, designated Beta Cancri b, is believed to be orbiting the star.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Omicron Persei</span> Triple star system in the constellation Perseus

Omicron Persei is a triple star system in the constellation of Perseus. From parallax measurements taken during the Hipparcos mission it is approximately 1,100 light-years from the Sun.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alcyone (star)</span> Star system in the constellation Taurus

Alcyone, designated η Tauri, is a star in the constellation of Taurus. Approximately 440 light-years from the Sun, it is the brightest star in the Pleiades open cluster, which is a young cluster, around 100 million years old. There are a number of fainter stars very close to Alcyone, some of which are members of the same cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zeta Tauri</span> Binary star in the constellation Taurus

Zeta Tauri is a binary star in the zodiac constellation of Taurus, the Bull. It has an apparent visual magnitude of about 3.0, which is bright enough to be seen with the naked eye. Parallax measurements place it at a distance of roughly 440 light-years from the Sun.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Theta Tauri</span> Binary star in the constellation Taurus

Theta Tauri is a wide double star in the constellation of Taurus and a member of the Hyades open cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Merope (star)</span> B-type subgiant star in the constellation Taurus

Merope, designated 23 Tauri, is a star in the constellation of Taurus and a member of the Pleiades star cluster. It is approximately 440 light-years (135 pc) away.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pleione (star)</span> Binary star in the Pleiades star cluster

Pleione is a binary star and the seventh-brightest star in the Pleiades star cluster. It has the variable star designation BU Tauri and the Flamsteed designation 28 Tauri. The star is located approximately 138 parsecs from the Sun, appearing in the constellation of Taurus. Pleione is located close on the sky to the brighter star Atlas, so is difficult for stargazers to distinguish with the naked eye despite being a fifth magnitude star.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">46 Leonis Minoris</span> Star in the constellation of Leo Minor

46 Leonis Minoris, also named Praecipua, is the brightest star in the constellation of Leo Minor. It is of spectral class K0+III-IV and of magnitude 3.83. It is a red clump giant. Based upon parallax measurements, its distance from the Sun is approximately 99.1 light-years. It is a suspected variable with an amplitude of about 0.05 magnitudes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Theta Aurigae</span> Binary star in the constellation Auriga

Theta Aurigae is a binary star in the constellation of Auriga. Based upon parallax measurements, the distance to this system is about 166 light-years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sigma Librae</span> Star in the constellation Libra

Sigma Librae is a binary star in the constellation of Libra. The apparent visual magnitude is +3.29, making it visible to the naked eye. Based upon parallax measurements, this system is at a distance of roughly 260 light-years from the Sun, with a 2% margin of error. At that distance, the visual magnitude is diminished by 0.20 ± 0.17 from extinction caused by intervening gas and dust.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Beta Piscium</span> Star in the constellation Pisces

Beta Piscium or β Piscium, formally named Fumalsamakah, is a blue-white hued star in the zodiac constellation of Pisces. Its apparent magnitude is 4.40, meaning it can be faintly seen with the naked eye. Based on parallax measurements taken during the Hipparcos mission, it is about 410 light-years distant from the Sun.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Beta Cephei</span> Star in the constellation Cepheus

Beta Cephei is a triple star system of the third magnitude in the constellation of Cepheus. Based on parallax measurements obtained during the Hipparcos mission, it is approximately 690 light-years distant from the Sun. It is the prototype of the Beta Cephei variable stars.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tau Pegasi</span> Star in the constellation Pegasus

Tau Pegasi, formally named Salm, is a magnitude 4.6 star 162 light years away in the constellation of Pegasus. With about twice the mass of the Sun and thirty times as luminous, it is a δ Scuti variable star with its brightness changing by a few hundredths of a magnitude over about an hour.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Delta Cygni</span> Third-magnitude star in the constellation Cygnus

Delta Cygni is a binary star of a combined third-magnitude in the constellation of Cygnus. It is also part of the Northern Cross asterism whose brightest star is Deneb. Based upon parallax measurements obtained during the Hipparcos mission, Delta Cygni is located roughly 165 light-years distant from the Sun.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 van Leeuwen, F. (2007). "Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 474 (2): 653–664. arXiv: 0708.1752 . Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357. S2CID   18759600. Vizier catalog entry
  2. 1 2 "* q Tau". SIMBAD . Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg . Retrieved 2014-08-18.
  3. Eggleton, P. P.; Tokovinin, A. A. (September 2008), "A catalogue of multiplicity among bright stellar systems", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , 389 (2): 869–879, arXiv: 0806.2878 , Bibcode:2008MNRAS.389..869E, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13596.x , S2CID   14878976.
  4. 1 2 Penston M.J. (1973). "Photoelectric UBV observations made on the Palomar 20-inch telescope". Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 164 (2): 133–154. Bibcode:1973MNRAS.164..133P. doi: 10.1093/mnras/164.2.133 .
  5. 1 2 3 4 Professor James B. (Jim) Kaler. "TAYGETA (19 Tauri)". University of Illinois. Retrieved 2014-08-18.
  6. Davis, George A. (1944). "The pronunciations, derivations, and meanings of a selected list of star names". Popular Astronomy. 52: 8–30. Bibcode:1944PA.....52....8D.
  7. 1 2 "Naming Stars". IAU.org. Retrieved 5 March 2018.
  8. Hessman, F. V.; Dhillon, V. S.; Winget, D. E.; Schreiber, M. R.; Horne, K.; Marsh, T. R.; Guenther, E.; Schwope, A.; Heber, U. (2010). "On the naming convention used for multiple star systems and extrasolar planets". arXiv: 1012.0707 [astro-ph.SR].
  9. Allen, Richard Hinckley (1899). Star-names and their meanings. G. E. Stechert. p.  407 . Retrieved 2009-10-10.
  10. IAU Working Group on Star Names (WGSN), International Astronomical Union , retrieved 22 May 2016.
  11. Huber, Daniel; Bryson, Stephen T; Haas, Michael R; Barclay, Thomas; Barentsen, Geert; Howell, Steve B; Sharma, Sanjib; Stello, Dennis; Thompson, Susan E (2016). "The K2 Ecliptic Plane Input Catalog (EPIC) and Stellar Classifications of 138,600 Targets in Campaigns 1-8". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 224 (1): 2. arXiv: 1512.02643 . Bibcode:2016ApJS..224....2H. doi: 10.3847/0067-0049/224/1/2 . S2CID   118621218.
  12. Samus, N. N.; Durlevich, O. V.; et al. (2009). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: General Catalogue of Variable Stars (Samus+ 2007-2013)". VizieR On-line Data Catalog: B/GCVS. Originally Published in: 2009yCat....102025S. 1. Bibcode:2009yCat....102025S.
  13. Percy, John R.; Wilson, Joseph B. (2000). "Another Search for Maia Variable Stars". The Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 112 (772): 846. Bibcode:2000PASP..112..846P. doi: 10.1086/316577 .
  14. Adelman, S. J. (2001). "Research Note Hipparcos photometry: The least variable stars". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 367: 297–298. Bibcode:2001A&A...367..297A. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361:20000567 .