Ted Shepherd

Last updated

Ted Shepherd

FRS
Professor Theodore Shepherd FRS (cropped).jpg
Shepherd in 2016
Born (1958-08-06) 6 August 1958 (age 65) [1]
Awards Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award
Scientific career
Fields
Thesis Rossby waves and two-dimensional turbulence in the presence of a large-scale zonal jet  (1984)
Doctoral advisor
Other academic advisors Michael E. McIntyre [4]
Website met.reading.ac.uk/~sj903980

Theodore Gordon Shepherd FRS [5] (born 6 August 1958) [1] is the Grantham Professor of Climate Science at the University of Reading. [1] [6] [2] [7] [8]

Contents

Education and career

Shepherd was educated at the University of Toronto where he was awarded a Bachelor of Science degree in Mathematics and Physics in 1979. [1] He completed his postgraduate education at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) where he was awarded a PhD in 1982 [9] for research supervised by Jule Gregory Charney and Peter B. Rhines on turbulence in Rossby waves. [3] [10]

Following his PhD, Shepherd was appointed a postdoctoral research fellow at St Catharine's College, Cambridge supervised by Michael E. McIntyre in the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics (DAMTP) at the University of Cambridge. [1] [11] After 24 years working at the University of Toronto in Canada he moved back to the United Kingdom in 2012, [12] funded by a Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award. [1]

Research

Shepherd is a dynamical meteorologist whose interests range from theoretical geophysical fluid dynamics to climate modelling and data analysis, with a focus on atmospheric circulation. This span from fundamentals to applications has been a hallmark of his research. [5] [13] [14]

Shepherd worked at the University of Toronto from 1988-2012, [15] where he made pioneering contributions to Hamiltonian fluid mechanics [16] while initiating and leading the Canadian national climate modelling effort focussed on ozone-climate coupling. [17] [18] He made several pivotal contributions to the understanding of the role of climate variability and change in interpreting the observed ozone record and in predicting future ozone recovery. Since moving to the University of Reading in 2012, [12] he has highlighted the important role of atmospheric circulation in climate change, which has implications for regional adaptation and societal risk. [5]

He has held leadership roles in scientific assessments of both climate Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and stratospheric ozone (World Meteorological Organization (WMO)/United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)) and in the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP). [5]

Awards and honours

Shepherd was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2016, [5] a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada in 2007, the American Geophysical Union in 2010, and the American Meteorological Society in 2005.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ozone depletion</span> Atmospheric phenomenon

Ozone depletion consists of two related events observed since the late 1970s: a steady lowering of about four percent in the total amount of ozone in Earth's atmosphere, and a much larger springtime decrease in stratospheric ozone around Earth's polar regions. The latter phenomenon is referred to as the ozone hole. There are also springtime polar tropospheric ozone depletion events in addition to these stratospheric events.

Keith Peter Shine FRS is the Regius Professor of Meteorology and Climate Science at the University of Reading. He is the first holder of this post, which was awarded to the university by Queen Elizabeth II to mark her Diamond Jubilee.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tropopause</span> The boundary of the atmosphere between the troposphere and stratosphere

The tropopause is the atmospheric boundary that demarcates the troposphere from the stratosphere, which are the lowest two of the five layers of the atmosphere of Earth. The tropopause is a thermodynamic gradient-stratification layer that marks the end of the troposphere, and is approximately 17 kilometres (11 mi) above the equatorial regions, and approximately 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) above the polar regions.

The quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) is a quasiperiodic oscillation of the equatorial zonal wind between easterlies and westerlies in the tropical stratosphere with a mean period of 28 to 29 months. The alternating wind regimes develop at the top of the lower stratosphere and propagate downwards at about 1 km (0.6 mi) per month until they are dissipated at the tropopause. Downward motion of the easterlies is usually more irregular than that of the westerlies. The amplitude of the easterly phase is about twice as strong as that of the westerly phase. At the top of the vertical QBO domain, easterlies dominate, while at the bottom, westerlies are more likely to be found. At the 30 mb level, with regards to monthly mean zonal winds, the strongest recorded easterly was 29.55 m/s in November 2005, while the strongest recorded westerly was only 15.62 m/s in June 1995.

A sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) is an event in which polar stratospheric temperatures rise by several tens of kelvins over the course of a few days. The warming is preceded by a slowing then reversal of the westerly winds in the stratospheric polar vortex. SSWs occur about six times per decade in the northern hemisphere, and about once every 20-30 years in the southern hemisphere. Only two southern SSWs have been observed.

Rossby waves, also known as planetary waves, are a type of inertial wave naturally occurring in rotating fluids. They were first identified by Sweden-born American meteorologist Carl-Gustaf Arvid Rossby in the Earth's atmosphere in 1939. They are observed in the atmospheres and oceans of Earth and other planets, owing to the rotation of Earth or of the planet involved. Atmospheric Rossby waves on Earth are giant meanders in high-altitude winds that have a major influence on weather. These waves are associated with pressure systems and the jet stream. Oceanic Rossby waves move along the thermocline: the boundary between the warm upper layer and the cold deeper part of the ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Polar vortex</span> Persistent cold-core low-pressure area that circles one of the poles

A circumpolar vortex, or simply polar vortex, is a large region of cold, rotating air; polar vortices encircle both of Earth's polar regions. Polar vortices also exist on other rotating, low-obliquity planetary bodies. The term polar vortex can be used to describe two distinct phenomena; the stratospheric polar vortex, and the tropospheric polar vortex. The stratospheric and tropospheric polar vortices both rotate in the direction of the Earth's spin, but they are distinct phenomena that have different sizes, structures, seasonal cycles, and impacts on weather.

In climatology, the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) is a collaborative framework designed to improve knowledge of climate change. It was organized in 1995 by the Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM) of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP). It is developed in phases to foster the climate model improvements but also to support national and international assessments of climate change. A related project is the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) for global coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation models (GCMs).

Hamiltonian fluid mechanics is the application of Hamiltonian methods to fluid mechanics. Note that this formalism only applies to nondissipative fluids.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brewer–Dobson circulation</span> Atmospheric circulation pattern

Brewer–Dobson circulation refers to the global atmospheric circulation pattern of tropical tropospheric air rising into the stratosphere and then moving poleward as it descends. The basics of the circulation were first proposed by Gordon Dobson and Alan Brewer. The term "Brewer–Dobson circulation" was first introduced in 1963. This circulation pattern explains observations of ozone and water vapor distribution, and has been accelerating in recent decades, likely due to climate change.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stratospheric aerosol injection</span> Putting particles in the stratosphere to reflect sunlight to limit global heating

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Ted Shepherd CV". Reading: reading.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 18 May 2016.
  2. 1 2 Ted Shepherd publications indexed by Google Scholar
  3. 1 2 Ted Shepherd at the Mathematics Genealogy Project
  4. Mcintyre, M. E.; Shepherd, T. G. (1987). "An exact local conservation theorem for finite-amplitude disturbances to non-parallel shear flows, with remarks on Hamiltonian structure and on Arnol'd's stability theorems" (PDF). Journal of Fluid Mechanics. 181 (–1): 527. Bibcode:1987JFM...181..527M. doi:10.1017/S0022112087002209. S2CID   28202192.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 Anon (2016). "Professor Theodore Shepherd FRS". London: Royal Society. Archived from the original on 29 April 2016. One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where:
    "All text published under the heading 'Biography' on Fellow profile pages is available under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License." -- "Royal Society Terms, conditions and policies". Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 9 March 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  6. "Ted Shepherd: Grantham Professor of Climate Science". Archived from the original on 18 May 2016.
  7. Haynes, P. H.; McIntyre, M. E.; Shepherd, T. G.; Marks, C. J.; Shine, K. P. (1991). "On the 'Downward Control' of Extratropical Diabatic Circulations by Eddy-Induced Mean Zonal Forces". Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. 48 (4): 651–678. Bibcode:1991JAtS...48..651H. doi: 10.1175/1520-0469(1991)048<0651:OTCOED>2.0.CO;2 . S2CID   123430161.
  8. Shepherd, Theodore G. (2015). "Climate science: The dynamics of temperature extremes". Nature. 522 (7557): 425–427. Bibcode:2015Natur.522..425S. doi:10.1038/522425a. PMID   26108848. S2CID   205085406.
  9. Shepherd, Theodore Gordon (1984). Rossby waves and two-dimensional turbulence in the presence of a large-scale zonal jet (PhD thesis). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. hdl:1721.1/58531. OCLC   12621534.
  10. Shepherd, Theodore G. (1987). "Rossby waves and two-dimensional turbulence in a large-scale zonal jet". Journal of Fluid Mechanics . 183 (–1): 467–509. Bibcode:1987JFM...183..467S. doi:10.1017/S0022112087002738. S2CID   9289503.
  11. Mcintyre, M. E.; Shepherd, T. G. (1987). "An exact local conservation theorem for finite-amplitude disturbances to non-parallel shear flows, with remarks on Hamiltonian structure and on Arnol'd's stability theorems" (PDF). Journal of Fluid Mechanics. 181 (–1): 527. Bibcode:1987JFM...181..527M. doi:10.1017/S0022112087002209. S2CID   28202192.
  12. 1 2 "Professor Ted Shepherd appointed to Grantham Chair in Climate Science". Reading: reading.ac.uk. 2 April 2012. Archived from the original on 25 December 2015.
  13. Eyring, V.; Butchart, N.; Waugh, D. W.; Akiyoshi, H.; Austin, J.; Bekki, S.; Bodeker, G. E.; Boville, B. A.; Brühl, C.; Chipperfield, M. P.; Cordero, E.; Dameris, M.; Deushi, M.; Fioletov, V. E.; Frith, S. M.; Garcia, R. R.; Gettelman, A.; Giorgetta, M. A.; Grewe, V.; Jourdain, L.; Kinnison, D. E.; Mancini, E.; Manzini, E.; Marchand, M.; Marsh, D. R.; Nagashima, T.; Newman, P. A.; Nielsen, J. E.; Pawson, S.; Pitari, G.; Plummer, D. A.; Rozanov, E.; Schraner, M.; Shepherd, T. G.; Shibata, K.; Stolarski, R. S.; Struthers, H.; Tian, W.; Yoshiki, M. (2006). "Assessment of temperature, trace species, and ozone in chemistry-climate model simulations of the recent past" (PDF). Journal of Geophysical Research. 111 (D22): D22308. Bibcode:2006JGRD..11122308E. doi:10.1029/2006JD007327.
  14. Austin, J.; Shindell, D.; Beagley, S. R.; Brühl, C.; Dameris, M.; Manzini, E.; Nagashima, T.; Newman, P.; Pawson, S.; Pitari, G.; Rozanov, E.; Schnadt, C.; Shepherd, T. G. (2003). "Uncertainties and assessments of chemistry-climate models of the stratosphere". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 3 (1): 1–27. doi: 10.5194/acp-3-1-2003 . hdl: 20.500.11850/57487 .
  15. "Theodore G. Shepherd". Toronto: utoronto.ca. Archived from the original on 31 October 2014.
  16. Shepherd, Theodore G. (1990). "Symmetries, Conservation Laws, and Hamiltonian Structure in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics". Advances in Geophysics Volume 32. Vol. 32. pp. 287–338. Bibcode:1990AdGeo..32..287S. doi:10.1016/S0065-2687(08)60429-X. ISBN   9780120188321.{{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
  17. Son, S.-W.; Polvani, L. M.; Waugh, D. W.; Akiyoshi, H.; Garcia, R.; Kinnison, D.; Pawson, S.; Rozanov, E.; Shepherd, T. G.; Shibata, K. (2008). "The Impact of Stratospheric Ozone Recovery on the Southern Hemisphere Westerly Jet". Science. 320 (5882): 1486–1489. Bibcode:2008Sci...320.1486S. doi:10.1126/science.1155939. PMID   18556557. S2CID   9367465.
  18. Eyring, V.; Waugh, D. W.; Bodeker, G. E.; Cordero, E.; Akiyoshi, H.; Austin, J.; Beagley, S. R.; Boville, B. A.; Braesicke, P.; Brühl, C.; Butchart, N.; Chipperfield, M. P.; Dameris, M.; Deckert, R.; Deushi, M.; Frith, S. M.; Garcia, R. R.; Gettelman, A.; Giorgetta, M. A.; Kinnison, D. E.; Mancini, E.; Manzini, E.; Marsh, D. R.; Matthes, S.; Nagashima, T.; Newman, P. A.; Nielsen, J. E.; Pawson, S.; Pitari, G.; Plummer, D. A.; Rozanov, E.; Schraner, M.; Scinocca, J. F.; Semeniuk, K.; Shepherd, T. G.; Shibata, K.; Steil, B.; Stolarski, R. S.; Tian, W.; Yoshiki, M. (2007). "Multimodel projections of stratospheric ozone in the 21st century". Journal of Geophysical Research. 112 (D16): D16303. Bibcode:2007JGRD..11216303E. doi: 10.1029/2006JD008332 . hdl: 11858/00-001M-0000-0011-FAB9-5 .