The Endangered Species Act of 1973 is the primary law in the United States for protecting imperiled species. Designed to protect critically imperiled species from extinction as a "consequence of economic growth and development untempered by adequate concern and conservation", the ESA was signed into law by President Richard Nixon on December 28, 1973. The U.S. Supreme Court called it “the most comprehensive legislation for the preservation of endangered species enacted by any nation". The purposes of the ESA are two-fold: to prevent extinction and to recover species to the point where the law's protections are not needed. It therefore “protect[s] species and the ecosystems upon which they depend" through different mechanisms. For example, section 4 requires the agencies overseeing the Act to designate imperiled species as threatened or endangered. Section 9 prohibits unlawful ‘take,’ of such species, which means to “harass, harm, hunt...” Section 7 directs federal agencies to use their authorities to help conserve listed species. The Act also serves as the enacting legislation to carry out the provisions outlined in The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). The Supreme Court found that "the plain intent of Congress in enacting" the ESA "was to halt and reverse the trend toward species extinction, whatever the cost." The Act is administered by two federal agencies, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). FWS and NMFS have been delegated the authority to promulgate rules in the Code of Federal Regulations to implement the provisions of the Act.
The conservation status of a group of organisms indicates whether the group still exists and how likely the group is to become extinct in the near future. Many factors are taken into account when assessing conservation status: not simply the number of individuals remaining, but the overall increase or decrease in the population over time, breeding success rates, and known threats. Various systems of conservation status exist and are in use at international, multi-country, national and local levels as well as for consumer use.
The Santa Cruz cypress is a species of North American tree within the Cypress family. The species is endemic to the Santa Cruz Mountains within the Santa Cruz and San Mateo counties of west-central California. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service listed the species on the Endangered Species Act in 1987 due to increasing threats from habitat loss and disruption of natural forest fire regimes. In 2016, the conservation status of the Santa Cruz cypress changed to Threatened. The cited reasoning was a decrease in threats against their habitat.
Telestes turskyi is a species of cyprinid restricted to lake Buško Blato in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Čikola River, a tributary of the Krka in Croatia. This species was thought to be extinct, but was found in May 2002 by J. Freyhof and N. Bogutskaya. Its habitat continues to decline due to water extraction and drought.
An IUCN Red List Critically Endangered (CR) species is one that has been categorized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild. As of 2021, there are 6,811 species that are considered to be Critically Endangered. This is out of the 120,372 species currently tracked by the IUCN.
Telestes is a genus of cyprinid fish. It was formerly usually included in Leuciscus.
Telestes croaticus, the Croatian Pijor, is a species of cyprinid fish.
Telestes fontinalis, the Spring pijor, is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is found only in Croatia. Its natural habitats are intermittent rivers and inland karsts. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Telestes beoticus, or the paskóviza, is a species of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is found only in Greece, in the Kifissos and Assopos drainages. Its natural habitats are rivers, intermittent rivers, and freshwater lakes, and is threatened by habitat loss.
Telestes montenigrinus is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is found in Albania and Serbia and Montenegro.
Telestes muticellus is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. Commonly known as vairone, it is found in France, Italy, and Switzerland.
Telestes pleurobipunctatus is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is found only in Greece. Its natural habitats are rivers and intermittent rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Telestes polylepis is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is a freshwater fish. It is found only in a 100-metre stretch of a Croatian stream. Its natural habitat is rivers. It is threatened by new species of Pike being introduced to its stream as well as habitat loss. People think they may be extinct within the next few years as there are less than 80 left.
The souffia or western vairone is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is found in Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Liechtenstein, Romania, Slovenia, Slovakia, Switzerland and Ukraine.
Telestes ukliva is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. Endemic to the Cetina river in Croatia and reported as extinct in the 1990s, it was rediscovered in 1997. Earlier authors misidentified T. ukliva as the alien Telestes muticellus and erroneously considered T. ukliva to be extinct. Its natural habitat is rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss.
The green chromide is a species of cichlid fish that is native to fresh and brackish water habitats in some parts in India such as Kerala, Goa, Chilika Lake in Odisha and Sri Lanka. The species was first described by Marcus Elieser Bloch in 1790. Other common names include pearlspot cichlid, banded pearlspot, and striped chromide. In Kerala, it is known locally as the karimeen (കരിമീൻ). In Goa the fish is known as kalundar. In Odisha, the local name is kundal(କୁଣ୍ଡଳ ମାଛ). In Sri Lanka this fish is known as koraliya (කොරළියා).
Cavefish or cave fish is a generic term for fresh and brackish water fish adapted to life in caves and other underground habitats. Related terms are subterranean fish, troglomorphic fish, troglobitic fish, stygobitic fish, phreatic fish and hypogean fish.
An endangered species is a species that is very likely to become extinct in the near future, either worldwide or in a particular political jurisdiction. Endangered species may be at risk due to factors such as habitat loss, poaching and invasive species. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List lists the global conservation status of many species, and various other agencies assess the status of species within particular areas. Many nations have laws that protect conservation-reliant species which, for example, forbid hunting, restrict land development, or create protected areas. Some endangered species are the target of extensive conservation efforts such as captive breeding and habitat restoration.
The loggerhead sea turtle, is protected under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973. It was originally listed as a threatened species on July 28, 1978. The turtle's status was updated to Vulnerable (VU) on August 23, 2018. The loggerhead turtle is the most prolific species of sea turtle in U.S. coastal waters.
Telestes karsticus is a species of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is endemic to Croatia.
