Leuciscinae

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Leuciscinae
Abramis brama Prague Vltava 1.jpg
Common bream, Abramis brama
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Cypriniformes
Family: Cyprinidae
Subfamily: Leuciscinae
Bonaparte, 1835
Genera

See text

Leuciscinae is a subfamily of the freshwater fish family Cyprinidae, [1] which contains the true minnows. [2]

Contents

Members of the Old World (OW) clade of minnows within this subfamily are known as European minnows. As the name suggests, most members of the OW clade are found in Eurasia, aside from the golden shiner (Notemigonus crysoleucas), which is found in eastern North America. [3] [4]

According to ancestral area reconstruction, the subfamily Leuiciscinae is thought to have originated in Europe before becoming widely distributed in parts of Europe, Asia and North America. Evidence for the dispersal of this subfamily can be marked by biogeographical scenarios/observations, geomorphological changes, phylogenetic relationships as well as evidence for vicariance events taking place through time. [5] Through analyses and evidence of divergence time, it was observed that the two monophyletic groups, the phoxinins and the leuciscins, had shared a common ancestor dating to approximately 70.7 million years ago, representing their lengthy evolutionary history. [6] [7] [lower-alpha 1] The 5th edition of the Fishes of the World classifies the Leuciscinae as a subfamily of the Cyprinidae [1] but other classifications have resolved this taxon as a family, the Leuciscidae. [4]

Genera

According to a 2018 study, Leuciscinae may be subdivided into 6 clades, or, if Leuciscidae is treated as a valid family, subfamilies: [8]

Notes

  1. The study by Perea et al. (2010) did not include the North American clade, or Pogonichthyinae, [6] which is now also considered a part of the Leuciscinae subfamily [8]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cyprinidae</span> Family of freshwater fish

Cyprinidae is a family of freshwater fish commonly called the carp or minnow family, including the carps, the true minnows, and their relatives the barbs and barbels, among others. Cyprinidae is the largest and most diverse fish family, and the largest vertebrate animal family overall, with about 3,000 species; only 1,270 of these remain extant, divided into about 200 valid genera. Cyprinids range from about 12 mm (0.5 in) in size to the 3 m (9.8 ft) giant barb. By genus and species count, the family makes up more than two-thirds of the ostariophysian order Cypriniformes. The family name is derived from the Greek word kyprînos.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cypriniformes</span> Order of fishes

Cypriniformes is an order of ray-finned fish, which includes many families and genera of cyprinid fish, such as barbs, gobies, loaches, botias, and minnows. Cypriniformes is an “order-within-an-order”, placed under the superorder Ostariophysi—which is also made up of cyprinid, ostariophysin fishes. The order contains 11-12 families, over 400 genera, and more than 4,250 named species; new species are regularly described, and new genera are recognized frequently. Cyprinids are most diverse in South and Southeast Asia, but are entirely absent from Australia and South America. At 112 years old, the longest-lived cypriniform fish documented is the bigmouth buffalo.

A dace is a small fish that can be one of many different species. The unmodified name is usually a reference to the common dace. This, like most fish called "daces", belongs to the family Cyprinidae, mostly in subfamily Leuciscinae.

<i>Phoxinus</i> Genus of fishes

Phoxinus is a genus of freshwater fish in the family Leuciscidae of order Cypriniformes, and the only members of the subfamily Phoxininae, or Eurasian minnows. The type species is Phoxinus phoxinus. The other species in this genus are also commonly known as minnows. The name "minnow" was what early English fisherman used to describe "small and insignificant". The genus Phoxinus is found throughout Eurasia, and includes 21 known species. Previously, members of the North American genus Chrosomus were also believed to form part of this genus.

<i>Rhinichthys</i> Genus of fishes

Rhinichthys, known as the riffle daces, is a genus of freshwater fish in the carp family (Cyprinidae) of the order Cypriniformes. The type species is Rhinichthys atratulus, the blacknose dace. Rhinichthys species range throughout North America.

<i>Dionda</i> Genus of fishes

Dionda is the genus of desert minnows, small fish belonging to the family Cyprinidae. They are native to fresh waters in the United States and Mexico. Their range is centered in the Rio Grande basin, but they also occur in associated systems, including Nazas–Aguanaval of north–central Mexico, and Nueces, San Antonio and Colorado of Texas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hitch (fish)</span> Genus of fishes

The hitch is a cyprinid fish endemic to central California, and was once very common. The common name may derive from a Pomoan word for this species. It is the only species in the monospecific genus Lavinia.

<i>Notropis</i> Genus of fishes

Notropis is a genus of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae. They are known commonly as eastern shiners. They are native to North America, and are the continent's second largest genus.

<i>Capoeta</i> Genus of fishes

Capoeta, also known as scrapers, is a genus of fish in the family Cyprinidae found in Western Asia. The distribution extends from Turkey to the Levant, to Transcaucasia, Iraq, Turkmenistan, in Armenia, particularly in lake Sevan and northern Afghanistan. This genus is most closely related to Luciobarbus and in itself is divided into three morphologically, biogeographically and genetically distinct groups or clades: the Mesopotamian clade, the Anatolian-Iranian clade and the Aralo-Caspian clade. The Mesopotamian clade was split off to Paracapoeta in 2022.

<i>Chondrostoma</i> Genus of fishes

Chondrostoma is a genus of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. They are commonly known as nases, although this term is also used locally to denote particular species, most frequently the common nase . The common name refers to the protruding upper jaw of these fishes; it is derived from the German term Nase 'nose'.

<i>Cyprinella</i> Genus of fishes

Cyprinella is a genus of fish in the family Cyprinidae, the carps and minnows. They are known as the satinfin shiners. They are native to North America, and some are among the most common freshwater fish species on the eastern side of the continent. Conversely, several Cyprinella species with small distributions are threatened and the Maravillas Creek subspecies of the red shiner is extinct.

Squalius is a genus of fish in the family Cyprinidae found in Europe and Asia. Hybridization is not rare in the Cyprinidae, including this genus. S. alburnoides is known to be of ancient hybrid origin, with the paternal lineage deriving from a prehistoric species related to Anaecypris; the latter mated with ancestral S. pyrenaicus. Present-day S. alburnoides mates with sympatric congeners of other species.

<i>Achondrostoma</i> Genus of fishes

Achondrostoma is a genus of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae, the carps and minnows. It is endemic to the Iberian Peninsula.

<i>Algansea</i> Genus of fishes

Algansea is a genus of ray-finned fish in the family Leuciscidae, distributed in the Lerma–Chapala–Grande de Santiago, Pátzcuaro, Armería, Ameca, Ayutla and Tuxpan basins in west-central Mexico. The genus includes both species that are locally numerous, and species that are highly threatened. Their closest relative is the longfin dace.

<i>Chrosomus</i> Genus of fishes

Chrosomus is a genus of small cyprinid fish found in freshwater habitats in the eastern half of the United States and Canada. There are currently seven recognized species in this genus. They have sometimes been included in Phoxinus. They are the only members of the predominantly western subfamily Laviniinae that are found in eastern North America.

Ericymba is a genus of fish in the family Cyprinidae. They are native to North America. This genus is treated as a synonym of Notropis by some authorities.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alburninae</span> Subfamily of fishes

Alburninae is a small subfamily of the carp and minnow family of ray-finned fish, the Cyprinidae. The genera in this subfamily were previously considered to be part of the Leuciscinae, but if the three Alburninae genera are included in that subfamily, it is paraphyletic. The Alburninae are still a contentious group and some authorities consider it to consist of two distinct clades, making it biphyletic.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pogonichthyinae</span> Subfamily of fishes

Pogonichthyinae is a subfamily of the freshwater fish family Leuciscidae, which contains the true minnows. Members of this family are known as American minnows or the North American (NA) clade of minnows. As the name suggests, all members of this family are found in North America (although they are not the only minnows native to North America, as Plagopterinae, Laviniinae, and Leuciscinae are also found there).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Plagopterinae</span> Subfamily of fishes

Plagopterinae is a subfamily of the freshwater fish family Leuciscidae, which contains the true minnows. Members of this family are known as creek chubs or the creek chub-plagopterin (CC-P) clade of minnows. All members of this family are found in North America, and it includes among the northernmost-distributed of all North American minnows, the lake chub.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Laviniinae</span> Subfamily of fishes

Laviniinae is a clade of the subfamily Leuciscinae, treated as a subfamily of the freshwater fish family Leuciscidae by some authorities, which contains the true minnows. Members of this clade are known as western chubs or the western clade (WC) of minnows. As the name suggests, most members of this clade are found in western North America aside from Chrosomus, which is found in eastern North America.

References

  1. 1 2 J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 181–186. ISBN   978-1-118-34233-6.
  2. Taxonomic information
  3. "Order CYPRINIFORMES: Family LEUCISCIDAE: Subfamilies PSEUDASPININAE, LEUCISCINAE and PHOXININAE". The ETYFish Project. 2018-10-17. Retrieved 2020-11-27.
  4. 1 2 Schönhuth, Susana; Vukić, Jasna; Šanda, Radek; Yang, Lei; Mayden, Richard L. (2018-10-01). "Phylogenetic relationships and classification of the Holarctic family Leuciscidae (Cypriniformes: Cyprinoidei)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 127: 781–799. Bibcode:2018MolPE.127..781S. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2018.06.026. ISSN   1055-7903. PMID   29913311. S2CID   49292104.
  5. Imoto, J. M.; Saitoh, K.; Sasaki, T.; Yonezawa, T.; Adachi, J.; Kartavtsev, Y. P.; Miya, M.; Nishida, M.; Hanzawa, N. (2013). "Phylogeny and biogeography of highly diverged freshwater fish species (Leuciscinae, Cyprinidae, Teleostei) inferred from mitochondrial genome analysis". Gene. 514 (2): 112–124. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2012.10.019. PMID   23174367.
  6. 1 2 Perea, S.; Böhme, M.; Zupancic, P.; Freyhof, J.; Sanda, R.; Ozuluğ, M.; Abdoli, A.; Doadrio, I. (2010). "Phylogenetic relationships and biogeographical patterns in Circum-Mediterranean subfamily Leuciscinae (Teleostei, Cyprinidae) inferred from both mitochondrial and nuclear data". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 10 (1): 265. Bibcode:2010BMCEE..10..265P. doi: 10.1186/1471-2148-10-265 . PMC   2940817 . PMID   20807419. S2CID   206970716.
  7. "Order CYPRINIFORMES: Family LEUCISCIDAE: Subfamilies PSEUDASPININAE, LEUCISCINAE and PHOXININAE". The ETYFish Project. 2018-10-17. Retrieved 2020-11-26.
  8. 1 2 Schönhuth, Susana; Vukić, Jasna; Šanda, Radek; Yang, Lei; Mayden, Richard L. (2018-10-01). "Phylogenetic relationships and classification of the Holarctic family Leuciscidae (Cypriniformes: Cyprinoidei)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 127: 781–799. Bibcode:2018MolPE.127..781S. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2018.06.026. ISSN   1055-7903. PMID   29913311. S2CID   49292104.
  9. De-Zao, S. U. (2011-06-15). "A NEW CYPRINID FISH FROM PALEOGENE OF NORTHERN XINJIANG, CHINA". Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 49 (2): 141. ISSN   2096-9899.
  10. Paleontology, Institute of Vertebrae; Paleoanthropology. "New leuciscin fish found in northern China". phys.org. Retrieved 2024-07-19.
  11. Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Egirdira". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 2 December 2022.