Telmatherina

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Telmatherina
Telmatherina celebensis.jpg
Telmatherina celebensis
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Atheriniformes
Family: Melanotaeniidae
Subfamily: Telmatherininae
Genus: Telmatherina
Boulenger, 1897
Type species
Telmatherina celebensis
Boulenger, 1897

Telmatherina is a genus of sailfin silversides endemic to the Indonesian island of Sulawesi. They are restricted to the Malili Lake system, consisting of the large Matano and Towuti, and the small Lontoa (Wawantoa), Mahalona and Masapi. They are also found in rivers and streams that are part of this lake system. [1]

Contents

Appearance and feeding

Telmatherina are fairly small fish, with a maximum length of 4.7–8.4 cm (1.9–3.3 in) depending on the exact species. [2] Several of the species are highly variable, occurring in morphs that differ in morphology or colour. [1] The various Telmatherina can be slender or high-bodied, may have rounded or pointed anal fin and second dorsal fin, and can be overall yellow, overall bluish, overall brownish, bluish with yellow fins or greenish with yellow fins. [3]

Telmatherina typically feed on various small animals, with some species (e.g. T. sp. "thicklip") mostly eating Caridina shrimp, some species (e.g., T. antoniae small morph) mostly eating copepods, some (e.g., T. antoniae large morph) mostly eating small freshwater snails and land-living insects that end up in the water, and some (e.g., T. prognatha) mostly eating small fish and land-living insects that end up in the water. [4] [5] T. sarasinorum mainly feeds on eggs of fish. It may cannibalize eggs of its own species (especially male T. sarasinorum will do this if it is unclear if he has fertilized the eggs), follow spawning pairs of other Telmatherina species (especially T. antoniae) to eat their eggs, or pretend to be a male partner of a female of another Telmatherina species (especially T. antoniae) to entice her to spawn, only to eat the eggs. [6] [7] Two additional species, T. abendanoni and T. opudi, frequently feed on fish eggs. [5] However, no species take only one type of prey. For example, the fish egg-eating T. sarasinorum also frequently take snails, insects and shrimp, while the fish-eating T. sp. "elongate" also frequently take shrimp, the shrimp-eating T. sp. "thicklip" also frequently eat small fish, and the snail-eating T. wahjui also take shrimp. [5]

In general, species that mainly feed on other fish reach the greatest length and are relatively slender, while species that mainly feed on fish eggs or shrimp have a relatively high body, likely allowing them to make faster turns (necessary to catch relatively mobile shrimp, or outmaneuver fish parents when stealing their eggs). [5] Species feeding mainly on insects or snails tend to have an intermediate body shape, being neither as slender as fish-eaters, nor as high-bodied as egg- and shrimp-eaters. [5] Shrimp-specialists also tend to have conspicuously fleshy lips. [5]

Species

In addition to the species listed below, Marosatherina ladigesi was formerly included in Telmatherina. There are currently 10 recognized species in this genus: [2]

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Lake Poso is a lake in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, and the third-deepest lake in Indonesia.

Lake Towuti

Lake Towuti is a lake in East Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi province, Indonesia. Surrounded by mountains, it is the largest lake of the island of Sulawesi and one of the five lakes of the Malili Lake system. A river flows from the lake to the Boni Bay. The town Laronda is located on its shore.

Lake Matano Lake in Sulawesi, Indonesia

Lake Matano, also known as Matana, is a natural lake in East Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi province, Indonesia. With a depth of 590 m (1,940 ft), it is the deepest lake in Indonesia, the 10th deepest lake in the world and the deepest lake on an island by maximum depth. The surface elevation from mean sea level is only 382 m (1,253 ft), which means that the deepest portion of the lake is below sea level (cryptodepression). It is one of the two major lakes in the Malili Lake system.

Glossogobius flavipinnis is a species from the family Gobiidae endemic to Lake Towuti in Sulawesi, Indonesia,> where it is generally found at shallow depths over hard bottoms. This species can reach a length of 8 cm (3.1 in) TL, although in a review of museum specimens the largest male was only 3.9 cm (1.5 in) and the largest female 5.7 cm (2.2 in). It is overall uniform dark with a yellow first dorsal fin. It was previously known under the name Stupidogobius flavipinnis.

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Telmatherina antoniae is a species of fish in the subfamily Telmatherininae part of the family Melanotaeniidae, the rainbowfishes. It is endemic to Indonesia where it occurs only in Lake Matano on Sulawesi. The species was described in 1991 by Maurice Kottelat and its specific name honours his wife, Antonia.

Telmatherina bonti is a species of fish in the subfamily Telmatherininae part of the family Melanotaeniidae, the rainbowfishes. It is endemic to Indonesia where it is found in Lake Towuti, near Malili and in Lake Mahalona all on Sulawesi.

Celebes rainbowfish Species of fish

The Celebes rainbowfish is a species of sailfin silverside endemic to Sulawesi in Indonesia. It is the only known member of its genus.

Telmatherina obscura is a species of fish in the subfamily Telmatherininae part of the family Melanotaeniidae, the rainbowfishes. It is endemic to Indonesia. The species was described in 1991 by Maurice Kottelat with a type locality of Mengonuwai on Lake Matano on the island of Sulawesi.

Telmatherina opudi is a species of fish in the subfamily Telmatherininae part of the family Melanotaeniidae, the rainbowfishes. It is endemic to Indonesia. his species was described in 1991 by Maurice Kottelat from a type locality of Lake Matano. Kottelat gave the species the specific name of opudi which is the local name for all the species of Telmatherina found in Lake Matano.

Telmatherina prognatha is a species of fish in the subfamily Telmatherininae part of the family Melanotaeniidae, the rainbowfishes. It is endemic to Indonesia, where it occurs only in Lake Matano on the island of Sulawesi.

Telmatherina sarasinorum is a species of fish in the subfamily Telmatherininae part of the family Melanotaeniidae, the rainbowfishes. It is endemic to Indonesia, where it occurs only in Lake Matano on the island of Sulawesi. This species was described in 1991 by Maurice Kottelat, the types being collected at Mengonuwai on Lake Matano. Kottelat gave the species the specific name sarasinorum in honour of the Swiss second cousins, naturalists and ethnographers Paul (1856-1929) and Fritz Sarasin (1859-1942). The Sarasins discovered Lake Matano and collected the first specimens of fishes in the genus Telmatherina.

Telmatherina wahjui is a species of fish in the subfamily Telmatherininae part of the family Melanotaeniidae, the rainbowfishes. It is endemic to Indonesia, where it occurs only in Lake Matano on the island of Sulawesi. It can reach a maximum length of around 5 centimetres (2.0 in). This species was described in 1991 by Mairice Kottelat with a type locality of Alaponkepi which is situated at the outlet of Lake Matano. The specific name honours Beni N. Wahju who was Vice President and Secretary of P. T. Inco Industries, Mr Wahju's support was vital in ensuring the ichthyological survey of the Malili Lakes, on which the type of this species was collected, was possible.

Telmatherininae Subfamily of fishes

The Telmatherininae, the sail-fin silversides are a subfamily of atheriniform fish from the rainbowfish family, the Melanotaeniidae, inhabiting fresh and brackish water. All but the species Kalyptatherina helodes are restricted to the Indonesian island of Sulawesi, and most are found solely in the Malili Lake system, consisting of Matano and Towuti, and the small Lontoa (Wawantoa), Mahalona and Masapi.

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<i>Tylomelania</i> Genus of gastropods

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<i>Tylomelania abendanoni</i> Species of gastropod

Tylomelania abendanoni is a species of freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Pachychilidae.

<i>Tylomelania sarasinorum</i> Species of gastropod

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References

  1. 1 2 Herder, F.; J. Schwarzer; J. Pfaender; R.K. Hadiaty; and U.K. Schliewen (2006). Preliminary checklist of sailfin silversides (Teleostei: Telmatherinidae) in the Malili Lakes of Sulawesi (Indonesia), with a synopsis of systematics and threats. Archived 2014-05-02 at the Wayback Machine Verhandlungen der Gesellschaft für Ichthyologie Band 5: 139-163.
  2. 1 2 Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2018). Species of Telmatherina in FishBase . June 2018 version.
  3. ↑ D. Sinha Roy; Margaret F. Docker; G. Douglas Haffner; and David D. Heath (2007). Body shape vs. colour associated initial divergence in the Telmatherina radiation in Lake Matano, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 20(3): 1126-1137.
  4. ↑ Fabian Herder and Ulrich K. Schliewen (2010). Beyond Sympatric Speciation: Radiation of Sailfin Silverside Fishes in the Malili Lakes (Sulawesi). In: Glaubrecht M. (eds). Evolution in Action. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. doi : 10.1007/978-3-642-12425-9_22
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Jobst Pfaender; Ulrich K. Schliewen; and Fabian Herder (2010). Phenotypic traits meet patterns of resource use in the radiation of ‘‘sharpfin’’ sailfin silverside fish in Lake Matano. Evol Ecol 24: 957–974. doi : 10.1007/s10682-009-9332-2
  6. ↑ Reebs, S. (24 January 2009). Sneaky Fish Love Caviar. LiveScience.
  7. ↑ Alexander F. Cerwenka; Juliane D. Wedekind; Renny K. Hadiaty; Ulrich K. Schliewen; and Fabian Herder (2012). Alternative egg-feeding tactics in Telmatherina sarasinorum, a trophic specialist of Lake Matano’s evolving sailfin silversides fish radiation. Hydrobiologia 693(1): 131–139.
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