| Teloschistes velifer | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Teloschistales |
| Family: | Teloschistaceae |
| Genus: | Teloschistes |
| Species: | T. velifer |
| Binomial name | |
| Teloschistes velifer F.Wilson (1889) | |
| Synonyms [1] | |
Teloschistes velifer is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), fruticose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. [2] It occurs in Australia, New Zealand, and South America. [3]
The lichen was first described scientifically by the Australian minister and lichenologist, Francis Wilson, in 1889. He noted the rare lichen to prefer the bark of small twigs of the plant Hymenanthera banksii , a bush upon which it would often cover an entire side. [4]
The Teloschistes velifer is characterised by its partially shrubby, upright thallus—this is the body of the lichen—which often forms dense, cushion-like patches approximately 10 mm in diameter. The upper surface of the thallus displays a radiating pattern and consists of elongated, linear lobes , each about 10 mm long and 1–2 mm wide. These lobes are slightly ridged and branch at their ends, featuring yellow, hair-like outgrowths known as fibrils that are about 0.5–1.5 mm long. The edges of the lobes often appear hooded and bear fine, greenish to greyish powdery clusters of reproductive cells known as soredia, which are exposed on the non-cortical underside of the lobes. [3]
The upper side of the Teloschistes velifer is an orange-yellow colour, and when treated with potassium hydroxide (K), it turns purple. The underside is grey to whitish and mirrors the slight ridging observed on the upper side. [3]
The reproductive structures, or apothecia, are about 1–3 mm in diameter and initially form broadly directly attached to the upper surface of the lobes, surrounded by conspicuous curved edges made of the same material as the thallus. Eventually, they appear to be terminal on 1–2 mm tall, ridged stalks and become convex with their margins no longer enclosed by fibrils. The disc of the apothecia is an orange-red colour with a matte texture. The asci, or spore-producing cells, are club-shaped and measure 50–60 by 12–15 µm. The ascospores themselves are two-chambered, ellipsoid, and range from 10 to 16 by 68 µm in size. [3]
Oxneria ussuriensis is a species of corticolous, crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in a single location in the Russian Far East.
Niorma hosseusiana is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), fruticose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in South America.
Filsoniana lhasanensis is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in Tibet, where it grows on rocks at altitudes between 4,200 and 4,432 m. This species is defined by its reduced, vivid orange appearance and unique, aggregated reproductive structures.
Calogaya orientalis is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) and muscicolous lichen (moss-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in arid steppe and desert habitats in Northwestern China, Iran, and Turkey. The thallus of this lichen is reduced, similar to species in the genus Athallia.
Placomaronea kaernefeltii is a rare species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) lichen in the family Candelariaceae. Found in South America, it was formally described as a new species in 2009 by lichenologists Martin Westberg, Patrik Frödén, and Mats Wedin. The type specimen was collected by the second author from Arica (Chile), between Socoroma and Putre, at an altitude of 3,750 m (12,300 ft), where it was found growing along cracks and pits on a siliceous boulder in a dry mountain slope. The lichen is only known to occur at its type locality, although the authors suggest a wider distribution is likely. The species epithet honours Swedish lichenologist Ingvar Kärnefelt.
Filsoniana kiamae is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in Australia. The lichen forms small rosettes with brownish-orange areoles, and it occasionally develops isidia. Its rare apothecia are round, with brownish-orange margins and a reddish disc.
Sirenophila maccarthyi is a species of corticolous/lignicolous, crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It has a thallus that is whitish or greyish, often inconspicuous and not always continuous, which can appear darker or dirty grey near its numerous, clustered apothecia. Sirenophila maccarthyi is distributed across regions including Western Australia, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, and New Zealand, in both coastal and inland habitats. It typically grows on the bark and dead wood of a wide range of trees and shrubs such as Acacia sophorae, Araucaria excelsa, and various Eucalyptus species.
Coenogonium flammeum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Harpidiaceae. It is found in Argentina.
Placolecis kunmingensis is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Catillariaceae. It is found in Yunnan, China. The lichen is characterised by a thallus that is areolate to squamulose in its centre, forming irregular patches or clumps 10–50 mm wide, as well as its ellipsoid or spherical ascospores with slightly thickened wall.
Placolecis sublaevis is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Catillariaceae. It is found in Yunnan and Sichuan, China. The crust-like, radiating body of the lichen forms irregular patches or clumps and includes numerous false conidiomata, a type of asexual reproductive structure, within its thallus. Its lobes, dark brown and slightly flattened at the top, form larger groups at the edges and contain an upper layer composed of loosely interwoven cells and a lower inner tissue that varies from reddish-orange to white.
Malmidea hechicerae is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Malmideaceae. It is found in Venezuela.
Rusavskia drevlyanica is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. Described as a new species in 2020, it is found in the East European forest steppe of Ukraine.
Byssoloma xanthonicum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Pilocarpaceae. It is found in New Caledonia.
Erioderma borbonicum is a little-known species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Pannariaceae. It is endemic to Réunion, an island in the Indian Ocean. The lichen forms a dense, cushion-like thallus with a diameter of 3 to 4 cm, with flat, slightly overlapping lobes with a grey-brown upper surface and cream-coloured underside.
Flavoplaca oasis is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is widely distributed across Europe, and has been reported in Western Asia, China, and North Africa.
Gallowayella weberi is a species of corticolous and saxicolous, foliose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. Found in the eastern United States, it is a small lichen with a smooth yellow to orange upper surface and a contrasting white lower surface.
Teloschistes capensis, commonly known as the Cape hair lichen, is a species of fruticose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is endemic to the Atlantic coast in Namibia and South Africa.
Gallowayella borealis is a species of saxicolous and muscicolous, lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. The lichen is characterized by a foliose (leafy) thallus that forms small, cushion-like clusters, with lobes that are often convex and have a distinctive orange colour with a reddish tint, occasionally covered in pruina. It reproduces vegetatively through abundant soralia producing rounded, granule-like soredia. Chemically, it contains high levels of parietin among other lichen products. Gallowayella borealis thrives on both horizontal and vertical rock surfaces, often enriched by guano, and is particularly abundant in continental Antarctica, co-existing with Polycauliona candelaria near penguin rookeries. It has a bipolar distribution, found in the Arctic and boreal forests of the Northern Hemisphere as well as in ice-free zones of continental Antarctica.
Pyxine petricola is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Caliciaceae. The distribution of the lichen includes Australia, East Africa, North and Central America, and the Philippines.
Teloschistes spinosus is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), fruticose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in Australia and New Zealand.