| Temora stylifera | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Copepoda |
| Order: | Calanoida |
| Family: | Temoridae |
| Genus: | Temora |
| Species: | T. stylifera |
| Binomial name | |
| Temora stylifera (Dana, 1849) | |
Temora stylifera is a copepod primarily found in the Atlantic and surrounding waters.
The female of T. stylifera ranges in length from about 1.2 to 2.1 millimetres (0.047 to 0.083 in), and the male is generally between about 1 and 1.9 millimetres (0.039 and 0.075 in) in length. [1]
T. stylifera is primarily found in the Atlantic, off of the coasts of Central America, northern South America, western Europe, and northern Africa. [1] It can also be found in large numbers in the Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea. [2]
Although T. stylifera is a continuous breeder, it experiences seasonal fluctuations in egg production rate. During one study in the Gulf of Naples, maximum egg production rates were found to occur from about February to July, with minimum rates found between about August and mid-October. [3] In an earlier study, however, maximum egg production was found in late summer, with a period of minimal reproduction occurring in winter. [4] Females can only go about three or four days before needing to remate to continue to produce fertile eggs. [5] The eggs hatch about 88% of the time, with a decrease in success from September to October, and stage I nauplii survive to stage II about 12% of the time. [3] All stages of T. stylifera (from stage I nauplii to adults) are most abundant in the Gulf of Naples from August to October. During this time, stage I through III nauplii are mainly concentrated in the top 10 metres (33 ft) of depth (although they range to 30 metres (98 ft)), and the older nauplii are mainly concentrated in the 30 metres (98 ft) closest to the surface (but they can be found deeper than this). Copepodite stages I through IV are generally more abundant than stage V copepodites. Stage I through III copepodites are usually found in the top 40 metres (130 ft) of the water column, with the distribution of older stages being variable. At some stations, older copepodites are generally found in the top 40 metres (130 ft), whereas at some stations, the distributions may be deeper in the season of highest abundance. [6]
Acartia is a genus of marine calanoid copepods. They are epipelagic, estuarine, zooplanktonic found throughout the oceans of the world, primarily in temperate regions.
Acartia tonsa is a species of marine copepod in the family Acartiidae.
Calanus hyperboreus is a copepod found in the Arctic and northern Atlantic. It occurs from the surface to depths of 5,000 metres (16,000 ft).
Calanus glacialis is an Arctic copepod found in the north-western Atlantic Ocean, adjoining waters, and the northwestern Pacific and its nearby waters. It ranges from sea level to 1,800 metres (5,900 ft) in depth. Females generally range from about 3.6 to 5.5 millimetres in length, and males generally range from about 3.9 to 5.4 millimetres in length.
Calanus helgolandicus is a copepod found in the Atlantic, from the North Sea south to the western coast of Africa. The female has an average size of about 2.9 millimetres (0.11 in) and the male has an average size of about 2.7 millimetres (0.11 in).
Calanus pacificus is a species of copepod found in the Pacific Ocean. The female has an average length of about 3.1 millimetres (0.12 in), and the male has a value of about 2.9 millimetres (0.11 in).
Calanus propinquus is a copepod found in Antarctica, and the surrounding waters.
Calanoides acutus is a copepod found in Antarctica and the surrounding waters.
Metridia longa is a copepod found in the Arctic, the north Atlantic, the Pacific, and surrounding waters. The female has an average length of about 4.2 millimetres (0.17 in), and the males have an average length of about 3.5 millimetres (0.14 in).
Neocalanus plumchrus is a large species of copepod found in the Pacific and Arctic Oceans. It was described in 1921 H. by Marukawa. N. flemingeri was formerly considered as conspecific, likely as a form, until it was split in 1988 by Charles B. Miller.
Neocalanus cristatus is a species of copepod found primarily in the northern Pacific.
Metridia pacifica is a copepod found in the north Pacific and surrounding waters.
Eucalanus bungii is a copepod found in the north Pacific and surrounding waters.
Pseudocalanus newmani is a copepod found in Arctic and northern Pacific waters. It was described by Frost in 1989. It is found in the Arctic and surrounding waters. There are multiple generations. Unlike some copepods, P. newmani undergoes reverse diel vertical migration, descending during the night, and ascending during the day, although it may undergo normal or no migration at all depending on predation. This copepod is primarily herbivorous.
Calanus sinicus is a copepod found in the northwest Pacific.
Rhincalanus nasutus is a copepod in the family Rhincalanidae.
Pseudocalanus elongatus is a copepod found primarily in the Atlantic Ocean.
The lipid pump sequesters carbon from the ocean's surface to deeper waters via lipids associated with overwintering vertically migratory zooplankton. Lipids are a class of hydrocarbon rich, nitrogen and phosphorus deficient compounds essential for cellular structures. This lipid carbon enters the deep ocean as carbon dioxide produced by respiration of lipid reserves and as organic matter from the mortality of zooplankton.
Metridia gerlachei is a copepod found primarily in Antarctic and sub-Antarctic waters.
Pseudocalanus minutus is a small copepod found in the Arctic Ocean and surrounding waters.
