Tenacibaculum

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Tenacibaculum soleae
Scientific classification
Domain:
Bacteria
Phylum:
Bacteroidota
Class:
Flavobacteriia
Order:
Flavobacteriales
Family:
Flavobacteriaceae
Genus:
Tenacibaculum

Suzuki et al. 2001 [1]
Type species
Tenacibaculum maritimum [1]
Species

T. adriaticum [1]
T. aestuarii [1]
T. aestuariivivum [1]
T. agarivorans [1]
T. aiptasiae [1]
T. amylolyticum [1]
T. ascidiaceicola [1]
T. caenipelagi [1]
T. crassostreae [1]
T. dicentrarchi [1]
T. discolor [1]
T. gallaicum [1]
T. geojense [1]
T. haliotis [1]
T. holothuriorum [1]
T. insulae [1]
T. jejuense [1]
T. litopenaei [1]
T. litoreum [1]
T. lutimaris [1]
T. maritimum [1]
T. mesophilum [1]
T. ovolyticum [1]
T. sediminilitoris [1]
T. skagerrakense [1]
T. soleae [1]
T. todarodis [1]
T. xiamenense [1]

Contents

Synonyms

Haerentibaculum [2]

Tenacibaculum is a gram-negative and motile bacterial genus from the family of Flavobacteriaceae. [1] [2] [3] [4]

Many opportunistic pathogens for fish species are included in the genus Tenacibaculum including Tenacibaculum maritimum , Tenacibaculum soleae, Tenacibaculum discolor, Tenacibaculum gallaicum, and Tenacibaculum dicentrarchi. These pathogens cause an ulcerative disease known as tenacibaculosis. [5] Characteristics of tenacibaculosis include lesions on the body, necrosis, frayed fin, tail rot, eroded mouth, and sometimes necrosis on the gills and eyes. [5] The disease can lead to mortality and can leave afflicted species susceptible to secondary infections from the open lesions. Tenacibaculosis is also known as salt water columnaris disease, gliding bacterial disease of sea fish, bacterial stomatitis, eroded mouth syndrome, and black patch necrosis. [5]

It is thought, tough not proven, that medusas and salmon louse help spread the bacteria. [6]

Etiology

Diagnosis of the disease is conducted through cultivation and biochemical characterization. [7] T. maritimum is also detectable internally through real-time RT-PCR. [8] The bacterium targets teeth, which is high in the calcium needed to promote their growth. [9] T. maritimum can also be isolated from the kidney, suggesting it is systematic. [8]

Affected species

Many fish species around the world are affected by tenacibaculosis caused by T. maritimum. Species in Japan that are affected by tenacibaculosis include the blackhead seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii), [10] red seabream (Pagrus major), [10] Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceous), [11] Yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata, [11] and Rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus). [10] In Europe, affected species include Dover sole (Solea solea), [12] Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus), [13] [14] Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, [15] Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) [16] in Spain, and sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) [17] in France. In North America, white sea bass (Atractoscion nobilis), Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax), northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax), and Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tschawytscha) [18] were found to be afflicted by T. maritimum. In Australia, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), striped trumpeter (Latris lineata), greenback flounder (Rhombosolea tapirina), yellow-eye mullet (Aldrichetta forsteri), and black bream (Acanthopagrus butcheri) [19] were also afflicted.

T. solea caused tenacibaculosis in fish species sole Solea senegalensis Kaup, [20] brill (Scophthalmus rhombus), and wedge sole (Dicologoglossa cuneata). [21]

T. discolor was found isolated from fish species D. labrax in Italy. [22]

T. dicentrarchi was discovered on the Chilean red conger eel (Genypterus chilensis). [23]

Tenacibaculum has also been the cause of mortalitity in shellfish species as well. Tenacibaculum soleae has been seen to cause mortality in adult Pacific oysters 11 days post-infection. [24]

Related Research Articles

Aeromonas veronii is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium found in fresh water and in association with animals. In humans A. veronii can cause diseases ranging from wound infections and diarrhea to sepsis in immunocompromised patients. In leeches, this bacterium is thought to function as a symbiote aiding in the digestion of blood, provision of nutrients, or preventing other bacteria from growing. Humans treated with medicinal leeches after vascular surgery can be at risk for infection from A. veronii and are commonly placed on prophylactic antibiotics. Most commonly ciprofloxacin is used but there have been reports of resistant strains leading to infection.

<i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> Species of heterotrophic, Gram-negative, bacterium

Aeromonas hydrophila is a heterotrophic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium mainly found in areas with a warm climate. This bacterium can be found in fresh or brackish water. It can survive in aerobic and anaerobic environments, and can digest materials such as gelatin and hemoglobin. A. hydrophila was isolated from humans and animals in the 1950s. It is the best known of the species of Aeromonas. It is resistant to most common antibiotics and cold temperatures and is oxidase- and indole-positive. Aeromonas hydrophila also has a symbiotic relationship as gut flora inside of certain leeches, such as Hirudo medicinalis.

Photobacterium is a genus of gram-negative, oxidase positive and catalase positive bacteria in the family Vibrionaceae. Members of the genus are bioluminescent, that is they have the ability to emit light.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Flavobacteriia</span> Class of bacteria

The class Flavobacteriia is composed of a single class of environmental bacteria. It contains the family Flavobacteriaceae, which is the largest family in the phylum Bacteroidota. This class is widely distributed in soil, fresh, and seawater habitats. The name is often spelt Flavobacteria, but was officially named Flavobacteriia in 2012.

<i>Flavobacterium columnare</i> Species of bacterium

Flavobacterium columnare is a thin Gram-negative rod bacterium of the genus Flavobacterium. The name derives from the way in which the organism grows in rhizoid columnar formations.

<i>Aeromonas salmonicida</i> Species of bacterium

Aeromonas salmonicida is a pathogenic bacterium that severely impacts salmonid populations and other species. It was first discovered in a Bavarian brown trout hatchery by Emmerich and Weibel in 1894. Aeromonas salmonicida's ability to infect a variety of hosts, multiply, and adapt, make it a prime virulent bacterium. A. salmonicida is an etiological agent for furunculosis, a disease that causes sepsis, haemorrhages, muscle lesions, inflammation of the lower intestine, spleen enlargement, and death in freshwater fish populations. It is found worldwide with the exception of South America. The major route of contamination is poor water quality; however, it can also be associated stress factors such as overcrowding, high temperatures, and trauma. Spawning and smolting fish are prime victims of furunculosis due to their immunocompromised state of being.

<i>Streptococcus iniae</i> Species of bacterium

Streptococcus iniae is a species of Gram-positive, sphere-shaped bacterium belonging to the genus Streptococcus. Since its isolation from an Amazon freshwater dolphin in the 1970s, S. iniae has emerged as a leading fish pathogen in aquaculture operations worldwide, resulting in over US$100M in annual losses. Since its discovery, S. iniae infections have been reported in at least 27 species of cultured or wild fish from around the world. Freshwater and saltwater fish including tilapia, red drum, hybrid striped bass, and rainbow trout are among those susceptible to infection by S. iniae. Infections in fish manifest as meningoencephalitis, skin lesions, and septicemia.

<i>Vibrio anguillarum</i> Species of bacterium

Vibrio anguillarum is a species of prokaryote that belongs to the family Vibrionaceae, genus Vibrio. V. anguillarum is typically 0.5 - 1 μm in diameter and 1 - 3 μm in length. It is a gram-negative, comma-shaped rod bacterium that is commonly found in seawater and brackish waters. It is polarly flagellated, non-spore-forming, halophilic, and facultatively anaerobic. V. anguillarum has the ability to form biofilms. V. anguillarum is pathogenic to various fish species, crustaceans, and mollusks.

<i>Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus</i> RNA virus infecting salmonid fish

Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) is a double-stranded RNA virus from the family Birnaviridae, in the genus Aquabirnavirus. Causing the highly infectious disease Infectious pancreatic necrosis, the virus primarily affects young salmonids resulting in high mortality, occasionally surpassing 90 percent in the early stages. IPNV or IPNV-like viruses have been isolated worldwide from at least 32 families of saltwater and freshwater salmonids and non-salmonids fish including salmon, flatfish, pike, eels and others. Other aquatic organisms infected include 11 molluscs and 4 species of crustaceans. Due to its wide host range and high mortality, the virus is of great concern to global aquaculture. In addition to persistence in hosts, IPNV is also perpetual in the environment, surviving across a range of conditions and capable of infecting fish with as little as 101TCID50/ml of the virus. Found in Europe, North America, South America, Africa, Asia, and Australia, the virus has led to significant losses in the mariculture of Atlantic salmon, brook trout, and rainbow trout.

Tenacibaculum mesophilum is a bacterium. It was first isolated from sponge and green algae which were collected on the coast of Japan and Palau. Its type strain is MBIC 1140T.

Tenacibaculum amylolyticum is a bacterium. It was first isolated from sponge and green algae which were collected on the coast of Japan and Palau. Its type strain is MBIC 4355T.

Tenacibaculum soleae is a bacterium. It is a fish pathogen for some species of sole, brill and turbot, with a particularly high mortality rate. It is Gram-negative, rod-shaped and gliding. Its type strain is LL04 12.1.7T.

Piscirickettsia salmonis is the bacterial causative agent of piscirickettsiosis, an epizootic disease in salmonid fishes. It has a major impact on salmon populations, with a mortality rate of up to 90% in some species. The type strain, LF-89, is from Chile, but multiple strains exist, and some are more virulent than others. P. salmonis and piscrickettsiosis are present in various geographic regions from Europe to Oceania to South America, but the Chilean salmon farming industry has been particularly hard-hit. Different strategies of controlling the disease and farm-to-farm spread have been the subject of much research, but a significant amount is still unknown.

Yersinia ruckeri is a species of Gram-negative bacteria, known for causing enteric redmouth disease in some species of fish. Strain 2396-61 is its type strain.

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Vibrio lentus is a species of Gram-negative bacteria found in marine environments. It was first isolated from Mediterranean oysters. It is pathogenic to octopuses and has been found to cause skin lesions, exposure of muscle, and sometimes death.

<i>Philasterides dicentrarchi</i> Species of single-celled organism

Philasterides dicentrarchi is a marine protozoan ciliate that was first identified in 1995 after being isolated from infected European sea bass reared in France. The species was also identified as the causative agent of outbreaks of scuticociliatosis that occurred between summer 1999 and spring 2000 in turbot cultivated in the Atlantic Ocean. Infections caused by P. dicentrarchi have since been observed in turbot reared in both open flow and recirculating production systems. In addition, the ciliate has also been reported to cause infections in other flatfishes, such as the olive flounder in Korea and the fine flounder in Peru, as well as in seadragons, seahorses, and several species of sharks in other parts of the world.

Scuticociliatosis is a severe and often fatal parasitic infection of several groups of marine organisms. Species known to be susceptible include a broad range of teleosts, seahorses, sharks, and some crustaceans. The disease can be caused by any one of about 20 distinct species of unicellular eukaryotes known as scuticociliates, which are free-living marine microorganisms that are opportunistic or facultative parasites. Scuticociliatosis has been described in the wild, in captive animals in aquariums, and in aquaculture. It is best studied in fish species that are commonly farmed, in which typical effects of infection include skin ulceration, hemorrhage, and necrosis, with post-mortem examination identifying ciliates in the skin, gills, blood, and internal organs including the brain.

Tenacibaculum maritimum is a bacterium from the genus of Tenacibaculum. Tenacibaculum maritimum can cause skin infections in marine fish. The disease caused by Tenacibaculum maritimum is called Tenacibaculosis.

<i>Photobacterium damselae <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> damselae</i> Subspecies of rod-shaped bacterium

Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae is a halophilic gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium. Commonly found in marine environments, P.d. subsp. damselae can cause disease in many species of marine wildlife and is an emerging threat in aquaculture. In humans Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae can cause severe infections. The type strain of Photobacterium damselae subsp damselae is ATCC 33539T.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 "Genus: Tenacibaculum". lpsn.dsmz.de.
  2. 1 2 "Tenacibaculum".
  3. ↑ George M., Garrity (2011). Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology (2nd ed.). New York: Springer Science + Business Media. ISBN   978-0-387-68572-4.
  4. ↑ Parker, Charles Thomas; Wigley, Sarah; Garrity, George M. (2009). Parker, Charles Thomas; Garrity, George M (eds.). "Taxonomy of the genus Tenacibaculum Suzuki et al. 2001". doi:10.1601/tx.8192.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  5. 1 2 3 Avendaño-Herrera, Ruben; Toranzo, Alicia E.; Magariños, Beatriz (August 30, 2006). "Tenacibaculosis infection in marine fish caused by Tenacibaculum maritimum: a review". Diseases of Aquatic Organisms. 71 (3): 255–266. doi: 10.3354/dao071255 . PMID   17058606.
  6. ↑ "Ficha técnica enfermedad: Tenacibaculosis" (PDF) (in Spanish). Servicio Nacional de Pesca y Acuicultura . Retrieved 2023-10-21.
  7. ↑ Fernández-Álvarez, Clara; Santos, Ysabel (1 December 2018). "Identification and typing of fish pathogenic species of the genus Tenacibaculum". Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 102 (23): 9973–9989. doi:10.1007/s00253-018-9370-1. ISSN   1432-0614. PMID   30291367. S2CID   52922981.
  8. 1 2 Frisch, Kathleen; Småge, Sverre Bang; Johansen, Renate; Duesund, Henrik; Brevik, Øyvind Jakobsen; Nylund, Are (1 November 2018). "Pathology of experimentally induced mouthrot caused by Tenacibaculum maritimum in Atlantic salmon smolts". PLOS ONE. 13 (11): e0206951. Bibcode:2018PLoSO..1306951F. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206951 . ISSN   1932-6203. PMC   6211739 . PMID   30383870.
  9. ↑ HIKIDA, Muneo; WAKABAYASHI, Hisatsugu; EGUSA, Syuzo; MASUMURA, Kazuhiko (1979). "Flexibacter sp., a gliding bacterium pathogenic to some marine fishes in Japan". Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi. 45 (4): 421–428. doi: 10.2331/suisan.45.421 . ISSN   1349-998X.
  10. 1 2 3 WAKABAYASHI, H.; HIKIDA, M.; MASUMURA, K. (1986). "Flexibacter maritimus sp. nov., a Pathogen of Marine Fishes". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 36 (3): 396–398. doi: 10.1099/00207713-36-3-396 . ISSN   1466-5026.
  11. 1 2 BAXA, Dolores V; KAWAI, Kenji; KUSUDA, Riichi (1986). "Characteristics of gliding bacteria isolated from diseased cultured flounder, Paralichthys olivaceous". Fish Pathology. 21 (4): 251–258. doi: 10.3147/jsfp.21.251 . ISSN   0388-788X.
  12. ↑ McVicar, A. H.; White, P. G. (1 January 1982). "The prevention and cure of an infectious disease in cultivated juvenile Dover sole, Solea solea (L.)". Aquaculture. 26 (3): 213–222. doi:10.1016/0044-8486(82)90157-0. ISSN   0044-8486.
  13. ↑ Alsina, M.; Blanch, A. R. (Department of Microbiology (1993). "First isolation of Flexibacter maritimus from cultivated turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)". Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists (United Kingdom).
  14. ↑ Devesa, S.; Barja, J. L.; Toranzo, A. E. (1989). "Ulcerative skin and fin lesions in reared turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (L.)". Journal of Fish Diseases. 12 (4): 323–333. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2761.1989.tb00321.x. ISSN   1365-2761.
  15. ↑ Pazos, F; Santos, Y; Núñez, S; Toranzo, AE (1993). "INCREASING OCCURRENCE OF FLEXIBACTER MARITIMUS IN RHE [sic] MARINE AQUACULTURE OF SPAIN". Observatorio Español de Acuicultura (in Spanish). 21 (3).
  16. ↑ Avendaño-Herrera, R.; Rodríguez, J.; Magariños, B.; Romalde, J. L.; Toranzo, A. E. (2004). "Intraspecific diversity of the marine fish pathogen Tenacibaculum maritimum as determined by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR". Journal of Applied Microbiology. 96 (4): 871–877. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2004.02217.x . ISSN   1364-5072. PMID   15012827. S2CID   23186654.
  17. ↑ Pepin, Jean-Francois; Emery, Eric (1 January 1993). "Marine cytophaga-like bacteria (CLB) isolated from diseased reared sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) from French mediterranean coast". Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists. 13 (5): 165–167. ISSN   0108-0288.
  18. ↑ Chen, M. E.; Henry-Ford, D.; Groff, J. M. (1995). "Isolation and Characterization of Flexibacter maritimus from Marine Fishes of California". Journal of Aquatic Animal Health. 7 (4): 318–326. doi:10.1577/1548-8667(1995)007<0318:IACOMF>2.3.CO;2. ISSN   1548-8667.
  19. ↑ Handlinger, J.; Soltani, M.; Percival, S. (1997). "The pathology of Flexibacter maritimus in aquaculture species in Tasmania, Australia". Journal of Fish Diseases. 20 (3): 159–168. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2761.1997.00288.x. ISSN   1365-2761.
  20. ↑ Piñeiro-Vidal, Maximino; Carballas, Cristina G.; Gómez-Barreiro, Oscar; Riaza, Ana; Santos, Ysabel (2008). "Tenacibaculum soleae sp. nov., isolated from diseased sole (Solea senegalensis Kaup)". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 58 (4): 881–885. doi: 10.1099/ijs.0.65539-0 . ISSN   1466-5026. PMID   18398187.
  21. ↑ López, J. R.; Piñeiro-Vidal, M.; García-Lamas, N.; Herran, R. De La; Navas, J. I.; Hachero-Cruzado, I.; Santos, Y. (2010). "First isolation of Tenacibaculum soleae from diseased cultured wedge sole, Dicologoglossa cuneata (Moreau), and brill, Scophthalmus rhombus (L.)". Journal of Fish Diseases. 33 (3): 273–278. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01105.x. ISSN   1365-2761. PMID   19878529.
  22. ↑ Habib, Christophe; Houel, Armel; Lunazzi, Aurélie; Bernardet, Jean-François; Olsen, Anne Berit; Nilsen, Hanne; Toranzo, Alicia E.; Castro, Nuria; Nicolas, Pierre; Duchaud, Eric (1 September 2014). "Multilocus Sequence Analysis of the Marine Bacterial Genus Tenacibaculum Suggests Parallel Evolution of Fish Pathogenicity and Endemic Colonization of Aquaculture Systems". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 80 (17): 5503–5514. Bibcode:2014ApEnM..80.5503H. doi: 10.1128/AEM.01177-14 . ISSN   0099-2240. PMC   4136090 . PMID   24973065. S2CID   22540951.
  23. ↑ Irgang, R.; González-Luna, R.; Gutiérrez, J.; Poblete-Morales, M.; Rojas, V.; Tapia-Cammas, D.; Avendaño-Herrera, R. (2017). "First identification and characterization of Tenacibaculum dicentrarchi isolated from Chilean red conger eel (Genypterus chilensis, Guichenot 1848)". Journal of Fish Diseases. 40 (12): 1915–1920. doi:10.1111/jfd.12643. hdl: 10533/232804 . ISSN   1365-2761. PMID   28548691.
  24. ↑ Burioli, E. a. V.; Varello, K.; Trancart, S.; Bozzetta, E.; Gorla, A.; Prearo, M.; Houssin, M. (2018). "First description of a mortality event in adult Pacific oysters in Italy associated with infection by a Tenacibaculum soleae strain". Journal of Fish Diseases. 41 (2): 215–221. doi:10.1111/jfd.12698. ISSN   1365-2761. PMID   28836671.

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