The Burning Zone

Last updated

The Burning Zone
BurningZoneTitleCard.jpg
Genre Science fiction drama
Created byColeman Luck
Starring
Country of originUnited States
Original languageEnglish
No. of seasons1
No. of episodes19
Production
Executive producers
  • Coleman Luck
  • James Duff McAdams
  • Carleton Eastlake
  • Rob Gilmer
Running time60 minutes
Production companiesSandstar Productions
Universal Television
Original release
Network UPN
ReleaseSeptember 3, 1996 (1996-09-03) 
May 20, 1997 (1997-05-20)

The Burning Zone is an American science fiction drama television series created by Coleman Luck that originally aired for one season on United Paramount Network (UPN) from September 3, 1996 to May 20, 1997. The series follows a government task force assigned to investigate chemical and biological threats. Initially, the program focused on the virologist Edward Marcase (Jeffrey Dean Morgan) and Dr. Kimberly Shiroma (Tamlyn Tomita). In January 1997, after the 11th episode (of 19), and in response to the show's low ratings, the characters Marcase and Shiroma were dropped from the series. Dr. Daniel Cassian (Michael Harris) became the lead character, and a new character, Dr. Brian Taft (Bradford Tatum), joined the task force. The Burning Zone initially incorporated supernatural and religious elements, but shifted towards more action-oriented storylines.

Contents

The series was the only drama ordered by UPN for the 1996–97 television season. It was paired with the sitcoms Moesha and Homeboys in Outer Space . The Burning Zone has never been released on DVD or Blu-ray, or made available on online-streaming services. Critical response to The Burning Zone was primarily negative; commentators were divided over its storylines and tone. It received negative comparisons to other science-fiction shows of the time, especially The X-Files . Kasumi Mihori and Billy Pittard were nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Main Title Design for the 49th Primetime Emmy Awards for their contributions to the series.

Premise and characters

The main characters for the first 11 episodes of the series from left to right: Michael Hailey, Dr. Kimberly Shiroma, Dr. Daniel Cassian, and Edward Marcase. The characters Shiroma and Marcase were dropped from the series for the final eight episodes. BurningZoneCharacterShot.jpg
The main characters for the first 11 episodes of the series from left to right: Michael Hailey, Dr. Kimberly Shiroma, Dr. Daniel Cassian, and Edward Marcase. The characters Shiroma and Marcase were dropped from the series for the final eight episodes.

The Burning Zone is a science-fiction drama about a task force that investigates biochemical emergencies. [1] [2] [3] Funded by the United States government, the team includes a virologist, a geneticist, a security specialist, and a bureaucrat. [3] [4] Set during a global rise in lethal diseases, known as the Plague Wars, the show includes hard science storylines resolved through spiritual solutions, including the efficacy of prayer and the power of a "healthy soul". [5] When discussing the show's premise, critics had varying opinions on its inspiration. [2] [6] [7] Comparisons were drawn to television films, B movies, and news headlines, [2] [6] [7] and the Chicago Tribune 's Allan Johnson summed up The Burning Zone as a "mutant-disease-of-the-week series". [2]

The task force includes virologist Edward Marcase (Jeffrey Dean Morgan) who survived a case of Ebola virus disease as a child, [2] [3] although his parents died from the virus. [6] Devoting his life to researching the virus, [8] he approaches the process of handling and curing a diseases as a "mystical experience" or a "supernatural quest". [5] Johnson likened Marcase to Fox Mulder, a fictional character from The X-Files , due to his "almost mystical relationship with diseases". [2] Caryn James of The New York Times wrote that Morgan played Marcase with "a brooding style". [3] Marcase works closely with Dr. Kimberly Shiroma (Tamlyn Tomita), who specialized in molecular genetics and pathology during her time at the World Health Organization. [3] [5] She blames Marcase for her fiancé's death. [8] James compared Marcase's relationship with Shiroma to that between The X-Files' Mulder and Dana Scully. [3] The team's other members include Michael Hailey (James Black) and Dr. Daniel Cassian (Michael Harris). [3] [9] Hailey handles the task force's security, while using his previous work experience with the Central Intelligence Agency. [8] The group's leader Cassian is portrayed as a "no-nonsense doctor" with a high security clearance and a "firm grip over his emotions". [5]

In response to the show's low ratings, United Paramount Network  (UPN) removed Marcase and Shiroma with "only the briefest of explanations". [10] Cassain subsequently became the lead character, despite previously being portrayed as "a kind of Dr. Smith-like thorn in the side". [5] Critic John Kenneth Muir referred to the casting changes as "a behind-the-scenes massacre". [10] Dr. Brian Taft (Bradford Tatum) was added to the show after Marcase and Shiroma's exit. Muir described Taft as "a motorcycle-riding, rebellious James Dean-like physician". Storylines shifted away from supernatural cases to include more action. Science fiction writers Roger Fulton and John Gregory Betancourt wrote that the program had "so many transformations in its brief 19-episode run that no viewer who saw the first show would recognize the last". [5] Morgan and Tomita appear in 11 episodes while Todd Susman was in two episodes. Black appears in all 19 episodes, and Harris and Tatum are in 18 episodes and eight episodes, respectively. [9]

Production and broadcast history

Produced by Universal Television, The Burning Zone was created by Coleman Luck, who was an executive producer alongside James Duff McAdams and Carleton Eastlake. Consultation for the episodes was provided by an infectious-disease expert, Dr. Kimberly A. Shriner. [3] One of six shows ordered by UPN, The Burning Zone was the network's only new drama for the 1996–97 television season. [11] It was the final program announced as a part of UPN's 1996-97 line-up. [12]

John Kenneth Muir cited The Burning Zone as an example of how the mid-1990s was "the great era of 'virus'-centric pop-culture entertainment". [5] According to John Carman of the San Francisco Chronicle , The Burning Zone was one of the eight shows ordered for the 1996–97 television season that could be "classified as science fiction or at least very strange". [13] Critics frequently compared the series to The X-Files. [2] [6] [14] In the 1999 book Gen X TV: The Brady Bunch to Melrose Place, journalist Rob Owen described The Burning Zone as part of a 1996 trend of "X-Files rejects" that included Dark Skies and Millennium. [14] The show also received comparisons to the 1995 film Outbreak and the 1971 film The Andromeda Strain. [6] [15]

The Burning Zone was broadcast on Tuesday nights at 9 pm  EST, [6] [16] airing with the sitcoms Moesha and Homeboys in Outer Space . [17] UPN included references to The X-Files in the promotional materials for the show. [8] [18] In a University of California, Los Angeles report, senior fellow Harlan Lebo wrote that The Burning Zone is one of two shows, along with The Sentinel, in the 1996–97 television season that received complaints for its use of violence. [19] The network canceled The Burning Zone, and rescheduled Tuesday nights with four additional sitcoms, including Clueless. [20] [21] In 2012, Muir called for the show's release on home media, along with Sleepwalkers and Prey, [5] but it has never been released on DVD or Blu-ray, or licensed to an online streaming service. [22]

Episodes

No.TitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air date
1"Pilot"Bradford MayColeman LuckSeptember 3, 1996 (1996-09-03)
An archeologist is infected by a sentient 15,000-year-old virus from an ancient Costa Rican tomb, which causes superhuman strength, fever, and red eyes. The White House organizes a team to stop the infection from spreading further.
2"The Silent Tower" Michael Lange Coleman LuckSeptember 10, 1996 (1996-09-10)
A chemical agent causes a mass spontaneous suicide in a Chicago high-rise building. The team investigates the chemical's inventor who disappeared in 1967 and go through his office in the building. A member of the team is poisoned by the chemical and the others search for a cure.
3"St. Michael's Nightmare" Scott Brazil Robert GilmerSeptember 17, 1996 (1996-09-17)
A priest loses his faith in God after meeting Dr. Dicketts during the St. Michael's Festival. While attending the festival, the team investigates an annual virus outbreak that causes outbursts of violence.
4"Arms of Fire" Michael Katleman G. Coleman Luck IIISeptember 24, 1996 (1996-09-24)
The team investigates a case in which a boy spontaneous combusts and discover it was caused by a pharmaceutical company and its medical studies on high school students. Marcase and Shiroma work together to create a vaccine for a virus.
5"Night Flight" Jesús Salvador Treviño Carleton EastlakeOctober 1, 1996 (1996-10-01)
The passengers of a Boeing 747 are affected by a hemorrhagic fever. The team build a laboratory in the aircraft's cargo hold and focus on keeping the pilots alive long enough for them to land the plane.
6"Lethal Injection" Richard Compton Coleman Luck & Carel Cage LuckOctober 15, 1996 (1996-10-15)
Death row inmates are used in a medical program that causes a string of mysterious deaths. Edward Marcase voluntarily takes a sedative to induce a temporary death and encounters God.
7"Touch of the Dead"Oscar L. CostoRobert GilmerOctober 29, 1996 (1996-10-29)
Dr. Daniel Cassian becomes infected by a Mayan virus; Marcase and Dr. Kimberly Shiroma race to find a cure for him. Michael Hailey looks for Cassian's ex-lover who had previously contracted the virus.
8"Hall of the Serpent"Michael LangeColeman Luck & Carel Cage LuckNovember 12, 1996 (1996-11-12)
Cassian is concerned about his sick niece after she seeks medical treatment from a faith healer and lives in his compound. Marcase takes drugs that make him appear sickly, sneaks into the compound, and investigates the faith healer's true nature.
9"Blood Covenant"Oscar L. CostoStory by: G. Coleman Luck III & Kimberly A. Shriner
Teleplay by: G. Coleman Luck III
November 19, 1996 (1996-11-19)
In Orlando, Florida, a man contaminates the blood supply with malaria and places the blame on the blood bank's director.
10"Faces in the Night"Scott BrazilCarleton EastlakeNovember 26, 1996 (1996-11-26)
Shiroma is kidnapped by a serial killer during the full moon. The rest of the team must save her before the next full moon occurs.
11"Midnight of the Carrier" Janet Greek Carleton EastlakeJanuary 7, 1997 (1997-01-07)
The team is charged with protecting a former Nazi from white supremacists seeking to create a highly destructive weapon.
12"Critical Mass"Richard ComptonCarleton Eastlake & James G. HirschJanuary 28, 1997 (1997-01-28)
Shiroma and Marcase are reassigned, and Cassian recruits Dr. Brian Taft to replace them. The new team investigates a meteorite after people who touch it start killing one another.
13"Death Song"Michael MillerRobert GilmerFebruary 4, 1997 (1997-02-04)
Multiple cases of bone demineralization are reported to the team; Michael Hailey believes they are connected to a famous singer.
14"The Last Endless Summer"Stephen L. PoseyJames G. HirschFebruary 11, 1997 (1997-02-11)
The team is tasked with investigating a group of California surfers who are all experiencing organ failure.
15"The Last Five Pounds Are the Hardest"Michael MillerCarleton EastlakeFebruary 18, 1997 (1997-02-18)
A new diet fad causes deadly side effects and the team attempts to track down the cause and a curse.
16"Elegy for a Dream" Nancy Malone Michael GleasonApril 29, 1997 (1997-04-29)
Taft's nephew is infected by flesh-eating bacteria; the team discovers that it was spread in major hospitals through Yugoslavian tattoos. They try to find the source of the bacteria.
17"A Secret in the Neighborhood"Michael MillerBart BakerMay 6, 1997 (1997-05-06)
People become sick because of a chemical stored in a military base. A militia plots to steal the chemical and weaponize it.
18"Wild Fire"Stephen L. Posey David Kemper May 13, 1997 (1997-05-13)
An outbreak of drug-resistant cholera occurs in Detroit because of contaminated pearls. During the investigation, Hailey must look back at his childhood in Detroit.
19"On Wings of Angels"Richard ComptonJames G. HirschMay 20, 1997 (1997-05-20)
A group of prisoners become sick during medical experiments; their leader escapes and kidnaps Taft to treat them. Cassian and Hailey try to rescue Taft as the prisoners threaten to kill him.

Critical reception

The critical response was primarily negative. Ken Tucker of Entertainment Weekly called the show "stiff, pretentious blarney" and an "unhealthy hugger-mugger", and cited its dialogue as one of its weaknesses. [23] Bret Watson, writing for the same publication, dismissed The Burning Zone as "sci-fi schlock-fest". [24] During a negative review of the special effects, Caryn James wrote that the "supposedly new microbe-imaging system look[ed] like the inside of a multicolored lava lamp". [3] Scott D. Pierce panned the show's storylines for going "into the realm of ridiculous fantasy", and negatively compared the characters and dialogue to those of a soap opera. [8] Allan Johnson criticized The Burning Zone as a poor replacement for UPN's previous series Nowhere Man, and requested that the network cancel The Burning Zone to revive Nowhere Man. In his review of the pilot, Johnson criticized Morgan's beard for making him appear "like he spent more time at college kegger parties than studying germs". [2] John Kenneth Muir called The Burning Zone "a one-season blunder". [25]

Some critics had more positive remarks for The Burning Zone. Kasumi Mihori and Billy Pittard received a nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Main Title Design for the 49th Primetime Emmy Awards for their work on the show's main title. [26] James Endrst praised the production, though he had a more mixed response for the show's "B-level stars and performances". [6] Caryn James praised the episodes for containing "the loopy delights of a cut-rate, over-the-top horror movie", but questioned their intended tone due to the actors' serious portrayals of their characters. James felt that the show should have embraced "its silliest, campiest instincts". [3]

Related Research Articles

<i>The X-Files</i> American television series

The X-Files is an American science fiction drama television series created by Chris Carter. The original television series aired from September 1993 to May 2002 on Fox. During its original run, the program spanned nine seasons, with 202 episodes. A short tenth season consisting of six episodes ran from January to February 2016. Following the ratings success of this revival, The X-Files returned for an eleventh season of ten episodes, which ran from January to March 2018. In addition to the television series, two feature films have been released: the 1998 film The X-Files and the stand-alone film The X-Files: I Want to Believe, released in 2008, six years after the original television run ended.

<i>The Twilight Zone</i> Media franchise based on an American television anthology series

The Twilight Zone is an American media franchise based on the anthology television series created by Rod Serling in which characters find themselves dealing with often disturbing or unusual events, an experience described as entering "the Twilight Zone". The episodes are in various genres, including fantasy, science fiction, absurdism, dystopian fiction, suspense, horror, supernatural drama, black comedy, and psychological thriller, frequently concluding with a macabre or unexpected twist, and usually with a moral. A popular and critical success, it introduced many Americans to common science fiction and fantasy tropes. The first series, shot entirely in black-and-white, ran on CBS for five seasons from 1959 to 1964.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kazon</span> Fictional species portrayed as interstellar gangsters in Star Trek: Voyager

The Kazon are a fictional alien race in the Star Trek franchise. Developed by Star Trek: Voyager series' co-creators Rick Berman, Michael Piller, and Jeri Taylor, the Kazon serve as the primary antagonists during the show's first two seasons. They are represented as a nomadic species divided into eighteen separate sects, and characterized by their reliance on violence. A patriarchal society, the Kazon have a low opinion of women, and place pride in men becoming warriors and proving themselves in battle. The Kazon storylines frequently revolve around the attempts of Jal Culluh and his Kazon sect to steal technology from the USS Voyager, with the assistance of former Voyager ensign Seska. During the second season, the Voyager crew uncover more about the alien species' history and culture through a temporary truce. In their final major appearance, the Kazon successfully commandeer Voyager, but are eventually forced to surrender and retreat. The alien species have minor cameo appearances and references in the show's subsequent seasons, and have also been included in Star Trek Online and novels set in the Star Trek universe.

<i>ER</i> (TV series) American medical drama television series (1994–2009)

ER is an American medical drama television series created by Michael Crichton that aired on NBC from September 19, 1994, to April 2, 2009, with a total of 331 episodes spanning 15 seasons. It was produced by Constant c Productions and Amblin Television, in association with Warner Bros. Television. ER follows the inner life of the emergency room (ER) of Cook County General Hospital, a fictionalized version of the real Cook County Hospital, in Chicago, and the various critical professional, ethical, and personal issues faced by the department's physicians, nurses, and staff.

<i>Eve</i> (American TV series) American sitcom (2003-2006)

Eve is an American television sitcom created by Meg DeLoatch that originally aired for three seasons on UPN from September 15, 2003, to May 11, 2006. Featuring an ensemble cast consisting of Eve, Jason George, Ali Landry, Natalie Desselle-Reid, Brian Hooks, and Sean Maguire, the show revolves around two sets of male and female friends attempting to navigate relationships with the opposite sex. The executive producers were Robert Greenblatt and David Janollari; the series was produced by The Greenblatt/Janollari Studio and Mega Diva Inc. in association with Warner Bros. Television for UPN.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Malcolm-Jamal Warner</span> American actor (born 1970)

Malcolm-Jamal Warner is an American actor. He rose to prominence for his role as Theodore Huxtable on the NBC sitcom The Cosby Show (1984–1992), which earned him a nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series at the 38th Primetime Emmy Awards. He is also known for his roles as Malcolm McGee on the UPN sitcom Malcolm & Eddie (1996–2000), and Dr. Alex Reed in the sitcom Reed Between the Lines.

John Kenneth Muir is an American literary critic. As of 2022, he has written thirty reference books in the fields of film and television, with a particular focus on the horror and science fiction genres.

<i>Love, Inc.</i> (TV series) American television sitcom

Love, Inc. is an American television sitcom created by Andrew Secunda, which originally aired for one season on United Paramount Network (UPN) from September 22, 2005, to May 11, 2006. With an ensemble cast led by Busy Philipps, Vince Vieluf, Reagan Gomez-Preston, Ion Overman and Holly Robinson Peete, the show revolves around five matchmakers working at a dating agency. The series was produced by Chase TV, the Littlefield Company, Burg/Koules Television, and Paramount Television. It was distributed by UPN in its original run and later by LivingTV and Nelonen in the United Kingdom and Finland respectively. The executive producers were Adam Chase, Warren Littlefield, Mark Burg and Oren Koules.

<i>Alcoa Presents One Step Beyond</i> American TV anthology series

Alcoa Presents: One Step Beyond is an American anthology series created by Merwin Gerard. The original series was broadcast for three seasons by the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) from January 1959 to July 1961.

<i>Sex, Love & Secrets</i> American soap opera television series

Sex, Love & Secrets is an American soap opera, created by Michael Gans and Richard Register, which originally aired on United Paramount Network (UPN) from September 27, 2005, to October 18, 2005. With an ensemble cast led by Denise Richards, James Stevenson, Lauren German, Eric Balfour, Tamara Taylor, Lucas Bryant, and Omar Benson Miller, the series focuses on rich young adults living in Silver Lake, Los Angeles and their secrets involving sex and love. With the prominent use of voice-over narrations, the show took a documentary approach to framing the characters and their storylines. The series was developed as a vehicle and television debut for Richards, and had the working titles Wildlife and Sex, Lies, and Secrets. The episodes were filmed in Los Angeles.

<i>Mercy Point</i> American television series (1998–1999)

Mercy Point is an American science fiction medical drama, created by Trey Callaway, David Simkins, and Milo Frank, which originally aired for one season on United Paramount Network (UPN) from October 6, 1998, to July 15, 1999. With an ensemble cast led by Joe Morton, Maria del Mar, Alexandra Wilson, Brian McNamara, Salli Richardson, Julia Pennington, Gay Thomas, Jordan Lund, and Joe Spano, the series focuses on the doctors and nurses in a 23rd-century hospital space station located in deep space. The executive producers were Trey Callaway, Michael Katleman, Lee David Zlotoff, Joe Voci, and Scott Sanders.

<i>The Sixth Sense</i> (American TV series) American paranormal thriller television series

The Sixth Sense is an American paranormal thriller television series featuring Gary Collins and Catherine Ferrar. The series was produced by and filmed at Universal Studios, and broadcast by ABC from January 15 to December 23, 1972.

<i>All Souls</i> (TV series) American paranormal medical drama television series

All Souls is an American paranormal hospital drama television series created by Stuart Gillard and Stephen Tolkin and inspired by Lars von Trier's miniseries The Kingdom. It originally aired for one season on UPN from April 17, 2001, to August 31, 2001. The series follows the medical staff of the haunted teaching hospital All Souls. While working as a medical intern, protagonist Dr. Mitchell Grace encounters various spirits, and discovers that the doctors are running unethical experiments on their patients. The executive producers included Aaron Spelling, E. Duke Vincent, and Mark Frost.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Unruhe</span> 4th episode of the 4th season of The X-Files

"Unruhe" is the fourth episode of the fourth season of the American science fiction television series The X-Files. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on October 27, 1996, and was the first episode to air on Sunday night when the show was moved from Fridays to Sundays. "Unruhe" was written by Vince Gilligan, directed by Rob Bowman, and featured a guest appearance from Pruitt Taylor Vince. The episode is a "Monster-of-the-Week" story, unconnected to the series' wider mythology. "Unruhe" earned a Nielsen rating of 11.7, being watched by 19.10 million people upon its initial broadcast.

<i>Swift Justice</i> US television program

Swift Justice is an American detective drama television series created by Dick Wolf and Richard Albarino. It aired for one season on United Paramount Network (UPN) from March 13 to July 17, 1996. It follows former Navy SEAL Mac Swift, a private investigator who was fired from the New York City Police Department. He receives support from his former partner Detective Randall Patterson and his father Al Swift. Completed on a limited budget, episodes were filmed on location in New York.

<i>Dilbert</i> (TV series) American animated sitcom television series

Dilbert is an American adult animated sitcom produced by Adelaide Productions, Idbox and United Media, and distributed by Columbia TriStar Television. The series is an adaptation of the comic strip of the same name by Scott Adams, who also served as executive producer and showrunner for the series along with former Seinfeld writer Larry Charles. The first episode was broadcast on January 25, 1999, and was UPN's highest-rated comedy series premiere at that point in the network's history; it lasted two seasons with thirty episodes and won a Primetime Emmy for its title sequence.

"Dealbreakers Talk Show #0001" is the seventh episode of the fourth season of the American television comedy series 30 Rock, and the 65th overall episode of the series. It was written by co-producer Kay Cannon and directed by series producer Don Scardino. It originally aired on NBC in the United States on December 3, 2009. Guest stars in the episode include Kristian Alfonso, John Anderson, Will Arnett, Whoopi Goldberg, Chris Parnell, Peter Reckell, and Sherri Shepherd.

The Random Years is an American sitcom created by Michael Lisbe and Nate Reger that aired for four episodes on the United Paramount Network (UPN) in March 2002. The series centers on childhood friends Alex Barnes, Wiseman, and Todd Mitchell and their lives after graduating college while living in Chinatown, Manhattan. Storylines focus on the characters' jobs and romantic relationships, often including their neighbor Casey Parker and their building superintendent Steve.

<i>Star Trek: Enterprise</i> season 4 Season of television series

The fourth season of the American science fiction television series Star Trek: Enterprise commenced airing on the UPN network in the United States on October 8, 2004 and concluded on May 13, 2005 after airing 22 episodes. Set in the 22nd century, the series follows the adventures of the first Starfleet starship Enterprise, registration NX-01. The fourth season saw changes made to the production team, with Manny Coto becoming the show runner. He had joined the team during the third season as a co-executive producer. Other changes included Star Trek novelists Judith and Garfield Reeves-Stevens being brought on board as writers.

In 1995, Viacom and Chris-Craft Industries' United Television launched United Paramount Network (UPN) with Star Trek: Voyager as its flagship series, fulfilling Barry Diller's plan for a Paramount network from 25 years earlier. In 1999, Viacom bought out United Television's interests, and handed responsibility for the start-up network to the newly acquired CBS unit, which Viacom bought in 1999 – an ironic confluence of events as Paramount had once invested in CBS, and Viacom had once been the syndication arm of CBS as well. During this period the studio acquired some 30 television stations to support the UPN network as well acquiring and merging in the assets of Republic Pictures, Spelling Television and Viacom Television, almost doubling the size of the studio's television library.

References

Citations

  1. Abbott, Jim (November 22, 1996). "'Zone's' Orlando Connection Turns Viewers On". Orlando Sentinel . Archived from the original on April 5, 2018.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Johnson, Allan (September 3, 1996). "'The Burning Zone': UPN canceled the well-made, way-cool…". Chicago Tribune . Archived from the original on April 5, 2018.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 James, Caryn (September 3, 1996). "A Virus That Speaks Of a Deadly World Plot" . The New York Times . Archived from the original on July 1, 2017.
  4. "The Burning Zone". TV Guide . Archived from the original on May 26, 2017.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Muir, John Kenneth (June 5, 2012). "Cult-TV Flashback: The Burning Zone (1996 - 1997)". John Kenneth Muir. Archived from the original on May 1, 2017.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Endrst, James (September 1, 1996). "What's Up At UPN?". Hartford Courant . Archived from the original on October 27, 2015.
  7. 1 2 Pierce, Scott D. (September 4, 1996). "Fall TV: From Sublime to Ridiculous". Deseret News . Archived from the original on April 6, 2018.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 Pierce, Scott D. (September 3, 1996). "'The Burning Zone' Doesn't Light Any Fires". Deseret News . Retrieved April 5, 2018.
  9. 1 2 "Cast". TV Guide . Archived from the original on April 5, 2018.
  10. 1 2 Muir (2001): p. 456
  11. Carmody, John (May 17, 1996). "The TV Column". The Washington Post . Archived from the original on April 5, 2018.
  12. Johnson, Steve (May 29, 1996). "Dueling Networks". Chicago Tribune . Archived from the original on September 26, 2015.
  13. Carman, John (September 8, 1996). "'X-Files' Wannabes Invade TV Lineup / Eight of the 40 new shows deal with the supernatural and paranormal". San Francisco Chronicle . Archived from the original on April 6, 2018.
  14. 1 2 Owen (1999): p. 204
  15. Raw (2009): p. 18
  16. Carter, Bill (May 17, 1996). "UPN Is Adding Comedies With Black Casts" . The New York Times . Archived from the original on May 26, 2015.
  17. Lowry, Brian (May 17, 1996). "UPN Tries to Lure African Americans" . Los Angeles Times . Archived from the original on December 4, 2015.
  18. Pierce, Scott D. (August 21, 1996). "Paranoid TV: Paranormal Will Be The Norm for Show After Show Turning Up On TV This Fall". Deseret News . Archived from the original on April 7, 2018.
  19. Lebo, Harlan (January 13, 1998). "Third UCLA Television Report Shows Continuing Decline in Voilence in TV Series, Growth in 'Shockumentary' Specials" (Press release). University of California, Los Angeles. Archived from the original on April 5, 2018.
  20. Huff, Richard (May 20, 1997). "'Clueless' Catches on with UPN". New York Daily News . Archived from the original on April 5, 2018.
  21. Levin, Gary (May 21, 1997). "'Clueless' set to lead UPN's Tuesday night". Variety . Archived from the original on April 5, 2018.
  22. "The Burning Zone (1996)". TVShowsOnDVD.com. Archived from the original on November 4, 2016.
  23. Tucker, Ken (September 13, 1996). "Smaller networks WB and UPN also have new shows". Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on August 26, 2017.
  24. Watson, Bret (December 13, 1996). "Fall TV Winners & Losers". Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on April 7, 2018.
  25. Muir (2002): p. 170
  26. "The Burning Zone (UPN)". Emmy Award. Archived from the original on August 18, 2016.

Book sources