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The Crambidae are the grass moth family of lepidopterans. They are variable in appearance, the nominal subfamily Crambinae taking up closely folded postures on grass stems where they are inconspicuous, while other subfamilies include brightly coloured and patterned insects which rest in wing-spread attitudes.
The Pyralidae, commonly called pyralid moths, snout moths or grass moths, are a family of Lepidoptera in the ditrysian superfamily Pyraloidea. In many classifications, the grass moths (Crambidae) are included in the Pyralidae as a subfamily, making the combined group one of the largest families in the Lepidoptera. The latest review by Eugene G. Munroe and Maria Alma Solis retain the Crambidae as a full family of Pyraloidea.
The Pyraloidea are a moth superfamily containing about 16,000 described species worldwide, and probably at least as many more remain to be described. They are generally fairly small moths, and as such, they have been traditionally associated with the paraphyletic Microlepidoptera.
Hyblaeidae are the "teak moths", a family of insects in the Lepidopteran order. The two genera with about 18 species make up one of the two families of the Hyblaeoidea superfamily, which in the past has been included in the Pyraloidea. Recent phylogenetic studies find varying relationships of Hyblaeoidea among Ditrysian Lepidoptera: Mutanen et al. (2010) find the superfamily to group either with Pyraloidea, or – more often – with Thyridoidea or butterflies. The results of Wahlberg et al. (2013) and Heikilä et al. (2015) indicate a sister-group relationship with Pyraloidea.
The Pyralinae are the typical subfamily of snout moths and occur essentially worldwide, in some cases aided by involuntary introduction by humans. They are rather rare in the Americas however, and their diversity in the Australian region is also limited. Altogether, this subfamily includes about 900 described species, but new ones continue to be discovered. Like many of their relatives in the superfamily Pyraloidea, the caterpillar larvae of many Pyralinae – and in some cases even the adults – have evolved the ability to use unusual foods for nutrition; a few of these can become harmful to humans as pests of stored goods.
Callionyma is a monotypic snout moth genus. Its one species, Callionyma sarcodes, was described by Edward Meyrick in 1882. It is found in the southern half of Australia, including Tasmania.
Analcina is a monotypic genus of moths of the Cybalomiinae subfamily of the Crambidae. It contains only one species, Analcina penthica, which is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland.
Araeomorpha is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.
Glauconoe is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, Glauconoe deductalis, which is found in Australia (Queensland), New Guinea, Sri Lanka and Taiwan.
Neargyrioides is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, Neargyrioides aglaopis, which is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from the Northern Territory and Queensland.
Nyctiplanes is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, Nyctiplanes polypenthes, which is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland.
Hellula undalis, the cabbage webworm or Old World webworm, is a moth of the family Crambidae. It is a widespread species which is found from Europe across Asia to the Pacific. It was first described from Italy.
Parapoynx fluctuosalis or Fluctuating China-mark or Waved China-mark, is a moth of the family Crambidae. It is a widespread species, known from Africa, India, Sri Lanka, China, Japan, Malaysia, Taiwan, Guam, Hawaii, Fiji, Australia and the Galápagos Islands. It is also an introduced species in Europe, where it has been recorded from Great Britain, the Iberian Peninsula and Sardinia.
Pyralis manihotalis is a moth of the family Pyralidae described by Achille Guenée in 1854.
Hypsopygia mauritialis is a moth of the family Pyralidae described by Jean Baptiste Boisduval in 1833. It is a widespread species, known from Africa, India, China, Malaysia, Taiwan, Japan, Australia and Hawaii.
The Phycitinae are a subfamily of snout moths. Even though the Pyralidae subfamilies are all quite diverse, Phycitinae stand out even by standards of their family: with over 600 genera considered valid and more than 4000 species placed here at present, they unite up more than three-quarters of living snout moth diversity. Together with the closely related Epipaschiinae, they are apparently the most advanced lineage of snout moths.
Hodebertia is a genus of micro-moth of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, Hodebertia testalis, and is found in the tropics, but ranges north to parts of Europe on occasion.
Omiodes indicata, the bean-leaf webworm moth or soybean leaf folder, is a species of moth of the family Crambidae. It is found from Florida to Texas, the West Indies and Mexico to South America, Cameroon, the Comoros, the Democratic Republic of Congo, La Réunion, Madagascar, Mauritius, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, the Seychelles, South Africa, India, Borneo and Australia (Queensland).
Pyrausta phoenicealis, the perilla leaf moth, is a moth of the family Crambidae described by Jacob Hübner in 1818. It is found worldwide, including the Americas, Africa, Australia and Asia.
Ancylolomia westwoodi, the Westwood's grass-moth, is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Zeller in 1863. It is found in Afghanistan, Iran, western Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Java, Bali, Malaysia, Sumatra and Australia, where it has been recorded from the Northern Territory and Queensland. It is externally indistinguishable from Ancylolomia indica, but generally darker. A.w.bitubirosella is one of the most common Crambinae in India.
References
- ↑ "global Pyraloidea database". Globiz.pyraloidea.org. Retrieved 2014-07-15.
- ↑ Caterpillars (and Butterflies and Moths) of Australia