An oak is a hardwood tree or shrub in the genus Quercus of the beech family. They have spirally arranged leaves, often with lobed edges, and a nut called an acorn, borne within a cup. The genus is widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere; it includes some 500 species, both deciduous and evergreen. Fossil oaks date back to the Middle Eocene. Molecular phylogeny shows that the genus is divided into Old World and New World clades, but many oak species hybridise freely, making the genus's history difficult to resolve.
The Fagaceae are a family of flowering plants that includes beeches, chestnuts and oaks, and comprises eight genera with about 927 species. Fagaceae in temperate regions are mostly deciduous, whereas in the tropics, many species occur as evergreen trees and shrubs. They are characterized by alternate simple leaves with pinnate venation, unisexual flowers in the form of catkins, and fruit in the form of cup-like (cupule) nuts. Their leaves are often lobed, and both petioles and stipules are generally present. Their fruits lack endosperm and lie in a scaly or spiny husk that may or may not enclose the entire nut, which may consist of one to seven seeds. In the oaks, genus Quercus, the fruit is a non-valved nut called an acorn. The husk of the acorn in most oaks only forms a cup in which the nut sits. Other members of the family have fully enclosed nuts. Fagaceae is one of the most ecologically important woody plant families in the Northern Hemisphere, as oaks form the backbone of temperate forest in North America, Europe, and Asia, and are one of the most significant sources of wildlife food.
Quercus stellata, the post oak or iron oak, is a North American species of oak in the white oak section. It is a slow-growing oak that lives in dry areas on the edges of fields, tops of ridges, and also grows in poor soils, and is resistant to rot, fire, and drought. Interbreeding occurs among white oaks, thus many hybrid species combinations occur. It is identifiable by the rounded cross-like shape formed by the leaf lobes and hairy underside of the leaves.
Tischerioidea is the superfamily of "trumpet" leaf miner moths. The superfamily contains just one family, Tischeriidae, and traditionally one genus, Tischeria, but currently three genera are recognised, widespread around the world including South America, except for Australasia. This is one candidate as the sister group of the bulk of Lepidoptera, the Ditrysia, and they have a monotrysian type of female reproductive system. These small moths are leaf-miners in the caterpillar stage, feeding mainly on Fagaceae, Asteraceae, and Malvaceae (Astrotischeria), and some also on Rhamnaceae, Tiliaceae, and Rosaceae.
Dyseriocrania subpurpurella is a diurnal moth from the family Eriocraniidae, found in most of Europe. The moth was first named by the English entomologist, Adrian Hardy Haworth in 1828.
Tischeria decidua is a moth of the family Tischeriidae. It is found in Central and Southern Europe, but has recently expanded its range and has been spotted in the Netherlands and Poland.
Tischeria ekebladella is a moth of the family Tischeriidae. It is found in most of Europe and the Caucasus.
Tischeria dodonea is a moth of the family Tischeriidae. It is found from Fennoscandia to the Pyrenees, Italy and Romania and from Ireland to Ukraine. There is a disjunct population in eastern Russia.
Dyseriocrania griseocapitella is a moth of the family Eriocraniidae. It is found from Nova Scotia to Florida, west to Illinois and Mississippi.
Stigmella quercipulchella is a moth of the family Nepticulidae. It is found in North America in Kentucky, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Illinois and Ontario.
The European oak leaf-miner or Zeller's midget is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is found in Europe south of the line running from Ireland, through Great Britain, Denmark to Ukraine. It is also found in Macaronesia. It is an introduced species in New Zealand and Australia.
Phyllonorycter basistrigella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Québec in Canada and Connecticut, Illinois, Oregon, Kentucky, Maine, Michigan, New York, Vermont, Pennsylvania, Colorado, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, California and Missouri in the United States.
Tischeria ambigua is a moth of the family Tischeriidae. It is known from California, United States.
Coptotriche badiiella is a species of moth in the family Tischeriidae. It is found in eastern North America, from Ontario and Michigan south to Louisiana and North Carolina.
Astrotischeria astericola is a moth of the family Tischeriidae. It was originally described by Annette Frances Braun as Tischeria astericola in 1972. It is found in eastern North American woodlands.
Coptotriche citrinipennella is a moth of the family Tischeriidae. It was described by James Brackenridge Clemens in 1859. It is found in North American in Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec, Arkansas, the District of Columbia, Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Missouri, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Texas, Virginia and West Virginia.
Dichomeris ventrella is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Asa Fitch in 1854. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Maine to Florida, west to Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Wisconsin and southern Arizona.
Quercus myrtifolia, the myrtle oak, is a North American species of oak. It is native to the southeastern United States. It is often found in coastal areas on sandy soils.
Quercus castanea is a species of oak tree. It is widespread across much of Mexico, from Sonora to Chiapas, and in Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras.
Lacosoma arizonicum, the southwestern sack-bearer moth, is a species of moth in the family Mimallonidae and one of four species of sack-bearers occurring north of Mexico. Its type locality is the Chiricahua Mountains of Arizona. The species was first described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1898 from a single male specimen and has Hodges number 7660.
