| Trachyaretaon carmelae | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Trachyaretaon carmelae, pair | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Phasmatodea |
| Family: | Heteropterygidae |
| Subfamily: | Obriminae |
| Tribe: | Obrimini |
| Genus: | Trachyaretaon |
| Species: | T. carmelae |
| Binomial name | |
| Trachyaretaon carmelae | |
| Synonyms | |
Trachyaretaon carmelae is a species of stick insects. It is one of the largest in the subfamily Obriminae.
Females reach a length of 135 millimetres (5.3 in). At 75 millimetres (3.0 in) in length, males remain significantly smaller. The animals have yellow eyes and are mostly light to dark brown in color. Occasionally specimens appear with reddish (mostly female) or greenish (mostly male) brown tones. The rear edges of the abdomen segments and of the prothorax are lighter, orange-brown or pinkish-brown in color. Females occasionally have one or two white abdominal segments and often small white areas on the thorax (for example, paired white spots on the mesothorax). [1] [2] The habitus corresponds to that of the rest of the genus. The lateral edges of the meso- and metathorax are keeled and clearly jagged (serrated). Both thoracic segments become wider towards the rear, with the rear edge of the mesothorax being significantly wider than the front edge of the metathorax, the rear edge of which is the widest part of the body. On the meso- and metathorax there is a pair of very short spines, which form the highest point of the thorax and are surrounded by inconspicuous, small spines. Overall, adult specimens are less spiny than many other members of the genus and have a relatively smooth and shiny body surface.
Trachyaretaon carmelae is native to the Babuyan Islands belonging to the Philippines. Ireneo L. Lit, Jr. and Orlando L. Eusebio described the species in 2005 from animals collected the previous year on the island of Dalupiri and deposited a female as holotype, as well as various paratypes, including males, nymphs and eggs, at the University of the Philippines in Los Baños, Laguna. They named the species after Carmela S. Española, who found the holotype while accompanying the Babuyan expedition team. [3]
As early as 2003, animals were collected on the neighboring Calayan Island that were described by Oskar V. Conle and Frank H. Hennemann as Trachyaretaon brueckneri. The specific epithet was chosen in honor of Martin Brückner, a Munich biologist and friend of the authors. A male animal was deposited as a holotype in the Bavarian State Collection of Zoology in Munich. [4] The name was announced on various websites including photos of the species before the publication of the species description. Lit and Eusebio mentioned this in the description of Trachyaretaon carmelae. They distinguish their species from Trachyaretaon brueckneri only by a bright drawing of the fifth abdominal segment. [3] The description of Trachyaretaon brueckneri was only published in 2006 due to delays in its publication. It quickly became clear that both were representatives of the same species and that the name assigned by Lit and Eusebio should be given priority based on the previously published description. [5] Trachyaretaon brueckneri has since been referred to as Trachyaretaon carmelae by both the authors of the species and those of other works, [6] before being formally synonymized by Hennemann in 2023. [7]
The nocturnal and twilight-active animals usually sit on the food plants. The adult males can often be carried around by the females for weeks. In the absence of adult females, they also mount the females of other members of the tribe Obrimini. During the mating the male pushes a greenish colored seed carrier (spermatophore) under the subgenital plate of the female. The cylindrical, about 5 millimetres (0.20 in) long and about 3 millimetres (0.12 in) wide, dark brown eggs are laid in the ground by the female using the slightly curved secondary ovipositor. They resemble the animals' own droppings and are strongly reminiscent of those of other Obrimini such as Aretaon asperrimus , of which they only resemble the hard to recognize, an upside down "Y" micropylar plate distinguish. At the front pole of the eggs there is a circular lid (operculum), which the nymphs push on when they hatch three to four months after laying the eggs. The very variably colored nymphs grow into adults over the next seven months. The Imago then live another five to eight months. [8]
Trachyaretaon carmelae does not make high demands on the keeping conditions in the terrarium. It can easily be fed on the leaves of bramble. In addition, oak, firethorn, ivy and hazel are also accepted. A slightly moist soil layer a few centimeters thick or a correspondingly filled flower pot must be present in the terrarium to enable the females to lay their eggs. Temperatures from 22 °C (72 °F) and a humidity of 75 %, which can be achieved by regular spraying with water, are sufficient for breeding. [8] [9]
The species is listed by the Phasmid Study Group under PSG number 255 and will continue to be referred to as Trachyaretaon brueckneri, [10] as the breeding stock goes back to the specimens introduced by Conle and Hennemann, it must be correctly referred to as Trachyaretaon carmelae 'Calayan Island'. [2] A female's bite in the wrist has been documented by Philip Edward Bragg, a behavior which is rather unusual for stick insects. [10]
Sungaya is a genus of stick insects which is endemic to the Philippine island of Luzon.
The Heteropterygidae is a family of stick insects belonging to the suborder Euphasmatodea. Species can be found in Australasia, East and Southeast Asia. More than 130 valid species have been described.
Sungaya inexpectata is a species of stick insects and the type species of genus Sungaya. The species name is derived from the Latin as "inexpectatus" and means "unexpected". Its common name is sunny stick insect, derived from the less commonly used sungay stick insect, which in turn refers to the place where the species was found.
The Obriminae are the most species-rich subfamily of the Phasmatodea family Heteropterygidae native to Southeast Asia. It is divided into two tribe.
Datamini is the only tribe within the subfamily of the Dataminae from the order of the Phasmatodea. The representatives of this subfamily are on average not as large as those of the other two subfamilies belonging to the family of Heteropterygidae.
The Obrimini are the most species-rich tribe of the Phasmatodea family of the Heteropterygidae native to Southeast Asia.
Mearnsiana is a monotypic genus of stick insects, containing Mearnsiana bullosa as the so far only described representative.
Aretaon is a genus of stick insects native to Borneo and the Philippine island Palawan.
Trachyaretaon is a genus of stick insects native to the Philippines.
Brasidas is a genus that is native to the Philippines and is named after the Spartan general Brasidas
Eubulides is a stick insect genus native to the Philippines.
Theramenes is a genus of medium-sized stick insects in the tribe Obrimini, which is native to the Philippines and to the Indonesian Talaud Islands.
Aretaon asperrimus is a species of insect in the Aretaon genus of the Phasmatodea order. The sometimes used common name thorny stick insect is a bit misleading, since the species does not correspond to the typical stick-like habitus and many other species are thorny as well.
Orestes guangxiensis is a representative of the genus Orestes.
Tisamenus serratorius is a stick insect species that occurs on the Philippine island Luzon.
Haaniella erringtoniae is a stick insect species. It is a typical representative of the subfamily Heteropteryginae. The occasionally used common name Errington's Haaniella refers to the species name.
Trachyaretaon echinatus is the type species of the genus Trachyaretaon in the order of the stick insects.
The genus Euobrimus is a Philippines-native stick insect genus that is very similar or synonymous with the genus Brasidas.
Pterobrimus is a monotypic genus of stick insects (Phasmatodea), containing the species Pterobrimus depressus, which is native to Fiji.
Trachyaretaon negrosanon is a stick insects species from the family Heteropterygidae native to Negros.
Data related to Trachyaretaon carmelae at Wikispecies
Media related to Trachyaretaon carmelae at Wikimedia Commons