Tropeiro seedeater | |
---|---|
A male Tropeiro seedeater at Lages, Santa Catarina state, Brazil | |
Female | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Aves |
Order: | Passeriformes |
Family: | Thraupidae |
Genus: | Sporophila |
Species: | S. beltoni |
Binomial name | |
Sporophila beltoni | |
The Tropeiro seedeater (Sporophila beltoni) is a species of birds in the tanager family. It is endemic to Brazil. Formerly lumped with the plumbeous seedeater (S. plumbea), it was described as a new species in 2013.
The specific epithet honours American ornithologist William Belton, who made extensive studies of the vocalisations of the birds of Rio Grande do Sul. The common name alludes to the species’ breeding range and migration pattern, which is similar to the historic Rota dos Tropeiros, the drovers' road used to drive livestock to markets in south-eastern Brazil from the early 18th century to 1930. [2]
The adult male is distinguished from the plumbeous seedeater by its larger size and bluish (rather than plumbeous) grey plumage, and from that and other Sporophila seedeaters, by having a robust, bright yellow beak with an arched culmen, and by vocalisations that include unique call notes. [2]
Tropeiro seedeaters breed in upland shrubby grasslands associated with the Araucaria forests of southern Brazil. They migrate northwards to spend the austral winter – the non-breeding season – in the Cerrado savannas of central Brazil. The range contains a narrow contact zone between the Tropeiro and plumbeous seedeaters, where the birds are segregated by habitat that contains little significant gene flow. [2]
The variable seedeater is a passerine bird which breeds from southern Mexico through Central America to the Chocó of northwestern South America. The taxonomy is confusing, and it was formerly considered a subspecies of Sporophila americana. Even within the variable seedeater as presently defined, there are great variations in plumage.
The cinnamon-rumped seedeater is a passerine bird in the typical seedeater genus Sporophila.
The great-billed seed finch is a species of bird in the family Thraupidae. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist shrubland, swamps, and heavily degraded former forest. They are found in two separate general populations, one in the northern Amazon rainforest and the other in the Cerrado. They live in flooded areas with nests low to the ground. The adults express strong sexual dimorphism. Males are black with white under wing-coverts and ivory white bills, and the females are generally light brown with white under wing-coverts and black bills. Both the male and female have very large, thick bills. The great-billed seed finch has a melodious call, which has made it a target for trapping.
The copper seedeater is a species of bird in the family Thraupidae. It was lumped with the pearly-bellied seedeater, and known together as the capped seedeater before being split in February 2012.
The double-collared seedeater is a species of bird in the family Thraupidae.
The chestnut seedeater is a species of bird in the family Thraupidae. It is found in Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay.
The rufous-rumped seedeater, also known as the grey-and-chestnut seedeater, is a species of bird in the family Thraupidae. It breeds in southern Paraguay, Argentina, and Uruguay. It migrates northward to Bolivia, the Pantanal and central Brazil. Its natural habitats are dry savanna, subtropical or tropical seasonally wet or flooded lowland grassland, and pastureland. It is threatened by habitat loss.
The tawny-bellied seedeater is a bird species in the family Thraupidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay. Its natural habitats are dry savanna and subtropical or tropical seasonally wet or flooded lowland grassland.
The grey seedeater is a species of bird in the family Thraupidae. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical seasonally wet or flooded lowland grassland and heavily degraded former forest.
The black-bellied seedeater is a species of bird in the family Thraupidae. It is endemic to Brazil.
The black-and-tawny seedeater is a species of bird in the family Thraupidae.
The marsh seedeater is a species of bird in the family Thraupidae. It is sexually dichromic, with the males sporting a bright white throat, grey crown and chestnut belly, and the females resembling other brown female seedeaters.
The plumbeous seedeater is a species of bird in the family Thraupidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela. Its natural habitats are dry savanna and subtropical or tropical seasonally wet or flooded lowland grassland.
The dark-throated seedeater is a bird species in the family Thraupidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay.
The chestnut-throated seedeater is Neotropical songbird in the family Thraupidae.
The pearly–bellied seedeater is a species of bird in the family Thraupidae. It was lumped with the copper seedeater, and known together as the capped seedeater before being split in February 2012.
The Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on the Conservation of Southern South American Migratory Grassland Bird Species and Their Habitats is a Multilateral Environmental Memorandum of Understanding concluded under the auspices of the Convention on Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS), also known as the Bonn Convention and became effective on 26 August 2007. Under the “umbrella” of the CMS, the governments of Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay agreed to work together towards better conservation of migratory species of grassland birds of Southern South America. The MoU covers five range States, all of which have signed.
The year 2013 in birding and ornithology.
Morelet's seedeater is a passerine bird in the typical seedeater genus Sporophila.