Sporophila

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Sporophila
Sporophila-corvina-001.jpg
Male variable seedeater
Seedeater (Sporophila sp.) female.JPG
Female
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Thraupidae
Genus: Sporophila
Cabanis, 1844
Type species
Pyrrhula falcirostris
Temminck, 1820

Sporophila is a genus of Neotropical birds in the tanager family Thraupidae. The genus now includes the six seed finches that were previously placed in the genus Oryzoborus.

Contents

They are relatively small with stubby, conical bills adapted for feeding on seeds and alike. Most species are strongly sexually dimorphic, and while "typical" adult males often are distinctive, female and immatures of both sexes can be very difficult (in some species virtually impossible) to identify to exact species. [1] Females of at least some of these species have different ultraviolet colours, which can be seen by birds, but not humans. [2] Female-like (paedomorphic) males apparently also occur, at least in some species. [3]

Taxonomy and species list

The genus Spermophila was introduced by the English naturalist William Swainson in 1827. [4] The type species was subsequently designated as Temminck's seedeater (Sporophila falcirostris) by George Robert Gray in 1841. [5] As the genus name Spermophila had been introduced by John Richardson in 1825 for a genus of mammals, [6] the German ornithologist Jean Cabanis coined the present name Sporophila as a replacement in 1844. [7] [8] The name combines the Ancient Greek sporos meaning "seed" and philos meaning "-loving". [9]

The genus now includes the six seed finches that were previously placed in Oryzoborus as well as the thick-billed seed finch that was the only species in Dolospingus. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014 found that these seven species were embedded in Sporophila. [10]

The genus contains 41 species: [11]

ImageCommon nameScientific nameDistribution
Sporophila bouvronides - Leson's Seedeater (male); Iranduba, Amazonas, Brazil 02.jpg Lesson's seedeater Sporophila bouvronidesBolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela.
BIGODINHO (Sporophila lineola ).jpg Lined seedeater Sporophila lineolaArgentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.
Sporophila torqueola 55799290.jpg Cinnamon-rumped seedeater Sporophila torqueolawestern Mexico
Sporophila morelleti, Cockscomb Basin, Belize 01.jpg Morelet’s seedeater Sporophila morelletiRio Grande Valley through eastern Mexico and Central America to western Panama
Sporophila-corvina-003.jpg Variable seedeater Sporophila corvinasouthern Mexico through Central America to the Chocó of northwestern South America
Sporophila intermedia Espiguero gris Grey Seedeater (16133817298).jpg Grey seedeater Sporophila intermediaBrazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela.
Sporophila americana - Wing-barred seedeater (male).JPG Wing-barred seedeater Sporophila americananorth-eastern Venezuela, Tobago, the Guianas, Brazil
White-naped seedeater Sporophila fringilloidesBrazil, Colombia, and Venezuela.
Black-and-white Seedeater BW12b.jpg Black-and-white seedeater Sporophila luctuosaBolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
Sporophila caerulescens.jpg Double-collared seedeater Sporophila caerulescensArgentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay
Sporophila nigricollis Espiguero capuchino Yellow-bellied Seedeater (6459067013).jpg Yellow-bellied seedeater Sporophila nigricollisCosta Rica to Bolivia
Sporophila ardesiaca - Dubois's Seedeater (male).JPG Dubois's seedeater Sporophila ardesiacaeast-central Brazil
Thick-billed Seed-Finch - Sarapiqui - Costa Rica MG 0887 (26405624880) (cropped).jpg Thick-billed seed finch Sporophila funereasouthern Mexico, through Central America, to the Chocó in Colombia and Ecuador.
Oryzoborus angolensis -Piraju, Sao Paulo, Brazil-8 (1).jpg Chestnut-bellied seed finch Sporophila angolensisTrinidad, Tobago, east Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas, Bolivia to east Brazil, Paraguay and northeast Argentina
Nicaraguan Seed-Finch 2014-11-15 (1) (cropped).jpg Nicaraguan seed finch Sporophila nuttingiCosta Rica, Nicaragua and northwestern Panama.
Sporophila maximiliani Great-billed Seed-finch (male), Mato Grosso, Brazil.jpg Great-billed seed finch Sporophila maximilianiBrazil
Large-billed Seed-Finch - Darien - Panama (48444795082) (cropped).jpg Large-billed seed finch Sporophila crassirostrisBrazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela.
Black-billed seed finch (Sporophila atrirostris) (cropped).jpg Black-billed seed finch Sporophila atrirostrisEcuador, Peru and northwestern Bolivia
Sporophila schistacea by Franscesco Veronesi (cropped).jpg Slate-coloured seedeater Sporophila schistaceaCentral America, the southwestern Amazon Basin, Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago and the Guianas.
Sporophila falcirostris -Horto Florestal de Sao Paulo, Brazil-8.jpg Temminck's seedeater Sporophila falcirostrisArgentina and southeastern Brazil
Buffy-fronted Seedeater - Itatiaia - Brazil MG 0776 (23095834790).jpg Buffy-fronted seedeater Sporophila frontalisnortheastern Argentina and along the southeastern Brazil
Sporophila plumbea-Plumbeous Seedeater.jpg Plumbeous seedeater Sporophila plumbeaArgentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.
Sporophila beltoni - Tropeiro Seedeater (male).JPG Tropeiro seedeater Sporophila beltoniBrazil
Sporophila collaris -Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil -male-8.jpg Rusty-collared seedeater Sporophila collarisArgentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay.
Sporophila albogularis - White-throated Seedeater (male); Potengi, Ceara, Brazil crop.jpg White-throated seedeater Sporophila albogularisBrazil.
Sporophila leucoptera-male.jpg White-bellied seedeater Sporophila leucopteraBolivia, Paraguay and eastern Brazil
Sporophila peruviana - Parrot-billed Seedeater - male.jpg Parrot-billed seedeater Sporophila peruvianaEcuador and western Peru.
Chestnut-throatedSeedeater (cropped).jpg Chestnut-throated seedeater Sporophila telascosouthwestern Colombia to far northern Chile.
DrabSeedeater.jpg Drab seedeater Sporophila simplexEcuador and Peru.
Sporophila castaneiventris Espiguero buchicastano Chestnut-bellied Seedeater (male) (17986615113).jpg Chestnut-bellied seedeater Sporophila castaneiventrisBolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela
Ruddy-breasted Seedeater.jpg Ruddy-breasted seedeater Sporophila minutaBrazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela.
Sporophila bouvreuil.jpg Copper seedeater Sporophila bouvreuilBrazil and Suriname.
Sporophila nigrorufa - Black-and-tawny Seedeater (male); Vila Bela da Santissima Trindade, Mato Grosso, Brazil.jpg Black-and-tawny seedeater Sporophila nigrorufaeastern Bolivia and southwestern Brazil.
Sporophila hypoxantha.jpg Tawny-bellied seedeater Sporophila hypoxanthaArgentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay.
Sporophila ruficollis - Dark-throated Seedeater (male) (cropped).JPG Dark-throated seedeater Sporophila ruficollisArgentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay
Sporophila pileata - Pearly-bellied Seedeater.jpg Pearly-bellied seedeater Sporophila pileataBrazil, Paraguay, northern Uruguay and northeastern Argentina.
Sporophila hypochroma - Red-rumped seedeater (male).jpg Rufous-rumped seedeater Sporophila hypochromaBolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina, and Uruguay
Sporophila cinnamomea - Chestnut Seedeater (male); Ibera marshes, Corrientes, Argentina.jpg Chestnut seedeater Sporophila cinnamomeaArgentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay
Sporophila palustris - Marsh Seedeater (male); Ibera marshes, Corrientes, Argentina.jpg Marsh seedeater Sporophila palustrisArgentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay.
Sporophila melanogaster - Black-bellied seedeater (male).jpg Black-bellied seedeater Sporophila melanogasterBrazil.
Sporophila iberaensis - Ibera Seedeater (male); Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil (1).jpg Ibera seedeater Sporophila iberaensisArgentina.

Possible extinct species:

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tanager</span> Family of birds

The tanagers comprise the bird family Thraupidae, in the order Passeriformes. The family has a Neotropical distribution and is the second-largest family of birds. It represents about 4% of all avian species and 12% of the Neotropical birds.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yellow-faced grassquit</span> Species of bird

The yellow-faced grassquit is a passerine bird in the tanager family Thraupidae and is the only member of the genus Tiaris. It is native to the Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

<i>Haplospiza</i> Genus of birds

Haplospiza is a small genus of birds in the tanager family Thraupidae. Formerly classified in the bunting and American sparrow family Emberizidae, more recent studies have shown it to belong in the Thraupidae. Its two members breed in subtropical or tropical moist forest in Central and South America. They are often associated with bamboo.

<i>Catamenia</i> (bird) Genus of birds

Catamenia is a genus of atypical seedeaters. Formerly placed in the Emberizidae, they are now placed in the tanager family Thraupidae.

<i>Phrygilus</i> Genus of birds

Phrygilus is a genus of mainly Andean seed-eating tanagers commonly known as sierra finches. Phrygilos means finch in Ancient Greek. Traditionally classified in the bunting and American sparrow family Emberizidae, more recent studies have shown them to belong in the Thraupidae.

<i>Embernagra</i> Genus of birds

Embernagra is a genus of South American finch-like birds in the tanager family Thraupidae.

<i>Idiopsar</i> Genus of birds

Idiopsar is a genus of Neotropical seed-eating birds in the tanager family Thraupidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Slender-billed finch</span> Species of bird

The slender-billed finch is a species of bird in the tanager family Thraupidae. It is the only member of the genus Xenospingus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Inca finch</span> Genus of birds

The Inca finches form the genus Incaspiza, of finch-like birds in the tanager family Thraupidae. They were traditionally placed in the family Emberizidae, but molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that they belong in Thraupidae instead. Both their scientific and common name refer to the Incan civilization.

<i>Poospiza</i> Genus of birds

Poospiza is a genus of finch-like birds in the tanager family Thraupidae that are found in both the South American lowlands and the Andes mountains. Generally they are arboreal feeders in light woodland and scrub. All have extensive grey to their plumage, and have—often bold—white or rufous markings.

<i>Thlypopsis</i> Genus of birds

Thlypopsis is a genus of birds in the tanager family Thraupidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chestnut-headed tanager</span> Species of bird

The chestnut-headed tanager is a species of bird in the tanager family Thraupidae this is found in the Atlantic Forest of southeast Brazil, eastern Paraguay and far northeastern Argentina. It was formerly the only member of the genus Pyrrhocoma but is now placed in Thlypopsis.

<i>Bangsia</i> Genus of birds

Bangsia is a genus of Neotropical birds in the tanager family Thraupidae. They are native to humid forests in Colombia, Ecuador, Panama and Costa Rica.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yellow cardinal</span> Species of bird

The yellow cardinal is a species of South American bird in the tanager family Thraupidae. It is the only member of its genus, Gubernatrix. It is very rare and can only be found in South America.

<i>Melanospiza</i> Genus of birds

Melanospiza is a genus of Neotropical birds in the tanager family Thraupidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chestnut-bellied seed finch</span> Species of bird

The chestnut-bellied seed finch is a species of bird in the family Thraupidae, but was until recently placed in Emberizidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Great-billed seed finch</span> Species of bird

The great-billed seed finch is a species of bird in the family Thraupidae. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist shrubland, swamps, and heavily degraded former forest. They are found in two separate general populations, one in the northern Amazon rainforest and the other in the Cerrado. They live in flooded areas with nests low to the ground. The adults express strong sexual dimorphism. Males are black with white under wing-coverts and ivory white bills, and the females are generally light brown with white under wing-coverts and black bills. Both the male and female have very large, thick bills. The great-billed seed finch has a melodious call, which has made it a target for trapping.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mourning sierra finch</span> Species of bird

The mourning sierra finch is a species of South American bird in the tanager family Thraupidae. It is the only member of the genus Rhopospina.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rusty-collared seedeater</span> Species of bird

The rusty-collared seedeater is a species of bird in the family Thraupidae, formerly placed in the related Emberizidae.

<i>Geospizopsis</i> Genus of birds

Geospizopsis is a genus of seed-eating birds in the tanager family Thraupidae that are commonly known as sierra finches.

References

  1. ↑ Ridgely, R. S., & G. Tudor (1989). The Birds of South America. Vol. 1. Univ. Texas Press, Austin
  2. ↑ Benites, P., Eaton, M. D., Lijtmaer, D. A., Lougheed, S. C. & Tubaro, P. L. (2010). Analysis from avian visual perspective reveals plumage colour differences among females of capuchino seedeaters (Sporophila). J. Avian Biology. 41: 597–602.
  3. ↑ Areta, J. I. (2009). Paedomorphosis in Sporophila seedeaters. Bull. B.O.C. 2009 129(2): 98-103.
  4. ↑ Swainson, William (1827). "On several groups and forms in ornithology, not hitherto defined". Zoological Journal. 3: 158–175, 343–363 [348].
  5. ↑ Gray (1841). A List of the Genera of Birds : with their Synonyma and an Indication of the Typical Species of Each Genus (2nd ed.). London: R. and J.E. Taylor. p. 63.
  6. ↑ Richardson, John (1825). Appendix to Captain Parry's journal of a second voyage for the discovery of a North West passage from the Atlantic to the Pacific performed in His Majesty's ships Fury and Hecla, in the years 1821-22-23. London: J. Murray. p. 313. ISBN   9780665418341.
  7. ↑ Cabanis, Jean (1844). "Avium conspectus quae in Republica Peruana reperiuntur et pleraeqiio observatae vel collectae sunt in itinere a Dr. J.J. de Tschudi". Archiv für Naturgeschichte (in Latin). 10: 262–317 [291].
  8. ↑ Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, ed. (1970). Check-list of Birds of the World. Vol. 13. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 133.
  9. ↑ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . London: Christopher Helm. p.  363. ISBN   978-1-4081-2501-4.
  10. ↑ Burns, K.J.; Shultz, A.J.; Title, P.O.; Mason, N.A.; Barker, F.K.; Klicka, J.; Lanyon, S.M.; Lovette, I.J. (2014). "Phylogenetics and diversification of tanagers (Passeriformes: Thraupidae), the largest radiation of Neotropical songbirds". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 75: 41–77. Bibcode:2014MolPE..75...41B. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.02.006. PMID   24583021.
  11. ↑ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2019). "New World warblers, mitrospingid tanagers". IOC World Bird List Version 9.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 4 October 2019.

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