Saltator | |
---|---|
Bluish-grey saltator Saltator coerulescens | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Aves |
Order: | Passeriformes |
Family: | Thraupidae |
Genus: | Saltator Vieillot, 1816 |
Type species | |
Tanagra maximus [1] Statius Muller, 1776 | |
Species | |
Presently some 16, but see text. |
Saltator is a genus of passerine birds in the tanager family Thraupidae that are found in Central and South America. They have thick bills, relatively long tails and strong legs and feet. Before the introduction of molecular genetic methods in the 21st century these species were placed in the cardinal family Cardinalidae.
The genus was introduced by the French ornithologist Louis Pierre Vieillot in 1816 with the buff-throated saltator as the type species. [2] [3] The name is from the Latin saltator, saltatoris meaning "dancer". [4]
The saltators were traditionally grouped with the cardinals, either in the subfamily Cardinalinae within an expanded Emberizidae [5] or in a separate family Cardinalidae. [6] Molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that the saltators are embedded within the tanager family Thraupidae. Within the Thraupidae the genus Saltator is now placed with the genus Saltatricula in the subfamily Saltatorinae. The relationship of the subfamily to the other subfamilies within the Thraupidae is uncertain. [7] [8]
The genus contains 16 species: [8]
Image | Common Name | Scientific name | Distribution |
---|---|---|---|
Orinoco saltator | Saltator orenocensis | Venezuela, northeast Colombia | |
Green-winged saltator | Saltator similis | Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay | |
Cinnamon-bellied (or northern grey) saltator | Saltator grandis | Mexico to Panama | |
Olive-grey (or Caribbean grey) saltator | Saltator olivascens | Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas, far north Brazil and Trinidad | |
Bluish-grey (or Amazonian grey) saltator | Saltator coerulescens | Widely in tropical and subtropical South America | |
Streaked saltator | Saltator striatipectus | Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guadeloupe, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela. | |
Lesser Antillean saltator | Saltator albicollis | Dominica, Martinique, Saint Kitts and Nevis, and Saint Lucia. | |
Buff-throated saltator | Saltator maximus | southeastern Mexico to western Ecuador and northeastern Brazil. | |
Black-winged saltator | Saltator atripennis | Colombia and Ecuador. | |
Black-headed saltator | Saltator atriceps | central Mexico to eastern Panama. | |
Black-cowled saltator | Saltator nigriceps | Ecuador and the northern border region of Peru. | |
Black-throated grosbeak | Saltator fuliginosus | Atlantic Forest in far northeastern Argentina (Misiones), eastern and southeastern Brazil, and far eastern Paraguay | |
Slate-coloured grosbeak | Saltator grossus | the Amazon in South America, but it is also found in forests of the Chocó in Ecuador and Colombia, and southern Central America from Panama to Honduras. | |
Masked saltator | Saltator cinctus | southern Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. | |
Thick-billed saltator | Saltator maxillosus | Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil, far northeastern Argentina (only Misiones Province), and perhaps far eastern Paraguay. | |
Golden-billed saltator | Saltator aurantiirostris | Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay | |
The rufous-bellied mountain saltator was formerly a member of this genus. It is now placed in the subfamily Thraupinae and is the only member of the genus Pseudosaltator . Its common name has been changed to rufous-bellied mountain tanager. [8] The black-throated saltator was also formerly assigned to this genus. It is now placed together with the many-colored Chaco finch in the genus Saltatricula as the two species form a divergent clade that is sister to the other members of Saltator. [8]
The tanagers comprise the bird family Thraupidae, in the order Passeriformes. The family has a Neotropical distribution and is the second-largest family of birds. It represents about 4% of all avian species and 12% of the Neotropical birds.
The bluish-grey saltator or Amazonian grey saltator is a passerine bird in the tanager family Thraupidae that is widespread in semi-open habitats in tropical and subtropical South America.
Thraupis is a genus of birds of the tanager family occurring from Mexico to Argentina and Brazil. Some are familiar species with large ranges. In Brazil it's called Pipira-azul(pronn: peepeeră, æzoól) when it has a tone blue color, when it has green tone color is called "Pipira-verde" or "Pipira-Vierde" on mexico.
Catamenia is a genus of atypical seedeaters. Formerly placed in the Emberizidae, they are now placed in the tanager family Thraupidae.
Tachyphonus is a genus of birds in the tanager family Thraupidae.
The black-goggled tanager is a species of bird in the family, Thraupidae. It is the only member of the genus Trichothraupis. It is found at low levels in forest and woodland in a large part of eastern and southern Brazil, eastern Paraguay and far north-eastern Argentina, with a disjunct population along the East Andean slope in Peru, Bolivia and far north-western Argentina. While generally common and widespread, and consequently considered to be of least concern by BirdLife International and IUCN, the population associated with the Andes is relatively local and uncommon.
Emberizoides is a small genus of finch-like tanagers found in grassy areas in Central and South America.
Embernagra is a genus of South American finch-like birds in the tanager family Thraupidae.
The Inca finches form the genus Incaspiza, of finch-like birds in the tanager family Thraupidae. They were traditionally placed in the family Emberizidae, but molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that they belong in Thraupidae instead. Both their scientific and common name refer to the Incan civilization.
Poospiza is a genus of finch-like birds in the tanager family Thraupidae that are found in both the South American lowlands and the Andes mountains. Generally they are arboreal feeders in light woodland and scrub. All have extensive grey to their plumage, and have—often bold—white or rufous markings.
The swallow tanager is a species of Neotropic bird in the tanager family Thraupidae. It is the only member of the genus Tersina. It is found widely throughout South America, from eastern Panama to far northern Argentina. The species is sexually dimorphic: the female is a yellow-green and the male a turquoise blue with a small deep black face and upper throat patch.
Dacnis is a genus of Neotropical birds in the tanager family Thraupidae.
The yellow-shouldered grosbeak is a species of bird in the tanager family Thraupidae. It is the only member of its genus Parkerthraustes. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.
The rufous-bellied mountain tanager or rufous-bellied saltator is a species of songbird in the tanager family Thraupidae and is the only member of the genus Pseudosaltator. It is found in the eastern Andes of southern Bolivia and extreme northern Argentina. It occurs mostly at altitudes from 3000 m to 4000 m. Its habitat is open land, including cultivated land, that has patches of scrub, alder trees, or Polylepis trees. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Saltatricula is a genus of South American seed-eating birds in the tanager family Thraupidae.
Loxigilla is a genus of passerine birds in the tanager family Thraupidae. The two species are both endemic to the Lesser Antilles.
Melanospiza is a genus of Neotropical birds in the tanager family Thraupidae.
The chestnut-bellied seed finch is a species of bird in the family Thraupidae, but was until recently placed in Emberizidae.
The warbler-finches are a genus Certhidea of birds in the tanager family Thraupidae that are endemic to the Galápagos Islands. Together with related genera, they are collectively known as Darwin's finches.
Ixothraupis is a genus of Neotropical birds in the tanager family Thraupidae.