Cardinalis

Cardinalis
Male pyrrhuloxia
Female pyrrhuloxia
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Cardinalidae
Genus:	Cardinalis Bonaparte, 1838
Type species
Cardinalis virginianus = Loxia cardinalis Bonaparte, 1838

Cardinalis is a genus of birds in the family Cardinalidae. ^{[1] [2]} There are three species ranging across North America to northern South America.

Description

They are birds between 19 and 22 cm in length. Its most distinctive characteristics are the presence of a conspicuous crest and a thick and strong conical bill. There is sexual dimorphism; ^[3] males have a greater amount of red in their plumage, and females have only some tints, with a predominance of gray. Its striking red plumage is likened to a Catholic senior priest's garments, and their genus is named after the Latin word for them, cardinalis. ^[4] Immature individuals are similar to females.

Species

Genus Cardinalis – Bonaparte, 1838 – three species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Northern cardinal Male Female	Cardinalis cardinalis (Linnaeus, 1758) Nineteen subspecies [5] C. c. cardinalis(Linnaeus, 1758) C. c. affinisNelson, 1899 C. c. canicaudusChapman, 1891 C. c. carneus(Lesson, 1842) C. c. clintoni(Banks, 1963) C. c. coccineusRidgway, 1873 C. c. flammigerJ.L. Peters, 1913 C. c. floridanusRidgway, 1896 C. c. igneusS.F. Baird, 1860 C. c. littoralisNelson, 1897 C. c. magnirostrisBangs, 1903 C. c. mariaeNelson, 1898 C. c. phillipsiParkes, 1997 C. c. saturatusRidgway, 1885 C. c. seftoni(Huey, 1940) C. c. sinaloensisNelson, 1899 C. c. superbusRidgway, 1885 C. c. townsendi(van Rossem, 1932) C. c. yucatanicusRidgway, 1887	United States from Maine to Texas and in Canada in the provinces of Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. Its range extends west to the U.S.–Mexico border and south through Mexico to the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, northern Guatemala, and northern Belize	Size: Habitat: Diet:	LC
Pyrrhuloxia (a.k.a. Desert cardinal) Male Female	Cardinalis sinuatus Bonaparte, 1838	U.S. states of Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas and woodland edges in Mexico	Size: Habitat: Diet:	LC
Vermilion cardinal Male Female	Cardinalis phoeniceus Bonaparte, 1838	Colombia and Venezuela	Size: Habitat: Diet:	LC

Phylogeny

Cladogram based on analysis by Tilston Smith and Klicka published in 2013. ^[6]

Cardinalis	C. phoeniceus C.sinuatus C.cardinalis

References

1. "Taxonomy browser (Cardinalis)". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2021-05-01.
2. "Definition of CARDINALIS". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 2021-05-01.
3. "Rare half-male, half-female cardinal spotted in Pennsylvania". Animals. 2019-01-31. Archived from the original on February 22, 2021. Retrieved 2021-05-01.
4. Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London, England: Christopher Helm. p. 91. ISBN   978-1-4081-2501-4.
5. Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2019). "Cardinals, grosbeaks and (tanager) allies". World Bird List Version 9.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 26 June 2019.
6. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Multilocus-species-tree-and-mtDNA-tree-for-Cardinalis-cardinalis-and-allies-Species-tree_fig2_235778391

External links

• Media related to Cardinalis at Wikimedia Commons
• Data related to Cardinalis at Wikispecies